Os desafios revelados na prática profissional de professores iniciantes em Matemática / The challenges revealed in professional practice of beginning teachers in Mathematics

Este artigo investigou as dificuldades que egressos do curso de licenciatura em Matemática enfrentaram em sua prática pedagógica da sala de aula. O objetivo foi identificar e analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores iniciantes egressos do curso de Matemática em suas práticas pedagógicas no ensino fundamental e médio. Na metodologia usamos um estudo qualitativo com pesquisa descritiva e os instrumentos utilizados para coletar os dados foram questionários e entrevistas com professores de matemática da rede pública. Assim, o questionário selecionou 11 professores com a intenção de aproximação, dos quais, apenas 03 foram submetidos a uma entrevista, visando obter um maior aprofundamento das realidades e percepções dos professores sobre as dificuldades encontradas no início da carreira docente. O estudo realizado aponta que a formação inicial não é responsabilidade exclusiva da Universidade ou da escola. Implica compromisso, engajamento e participação conjunta e articulada da família, da escola, da Universidade e das políticas públicas, mediante desenvolvimento de projetos que ajudem os professores a superarem as dificuldades que emergem da prática de sala de aula. Isso certamente irá permitir uma melhor ressignificação do ensino e criação de novas ações de trabalho por meio de tarefas exploratórias que favoreçam uma aprendizagem matemática relevante culturalmente aos jovens e crianças que frequentam a escola atual

Application of a blind person strategy for obstacle avoidance with the use of potential fields

This paper proposes a new obstacle avoidance algorithm for the CONTROLAB AGV which uses a similar strategy adopted by a blind person to avoid obstacles while walking. The AGV moves within an office environment with a known floorplan and uses an "electronic stick" consisting of infraredsensors to detect unknown obstacles. Initially a global potential field function is defined for each floorplan room. While the AGV is moving, the original potential function is modified each time an obstacle is detected by the infrared sensors. This modification is simply performed by the addition of previously calculated potentlal field values on a grid which represents the room working area. The interestlng aspects of the proposed approach are that the potential function adaptation involves very low computational burden, the algorithm is free from local minima, the obstacles can have any shape and low cost sensors can be used to detect obstacles

Telemedicina

Telemedicina é o conceito tecnológico do qual profissionais da saúde poderiam explorar Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação para o cuidado a distância, fornecendo diagnóstico, intervenção e educação em saúde. Inicialmente, neste capítulo, discutimos a tríade envolvendo problema, solução e inovação no contexto de criação de tecnologias remotas em saúde. Na sequência, introduzimos as diferentes denominações que definem o conceito de Telemedicina, com base nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e nos Medical Subject Headings (MeSH Terms). Expomos os aspectos essenciais para sua implementação de forma contextualizada (finalidade, custo, acesso, valor agregado, qualidade do serviço, segurança), descrevendo as evidências nos diversos setores da saúde com resultados de ensaios clínicos e revisões sistemáticas com meta-análise. Ao final, nós exploramos questões éticas referentes à implementação da Telemedicina (riscos e desdobramentos do uso da Telemedicina, comercialização do serviço, autonomia de escolha do usuário e equidade nas necessidades individuais).Telemedicine is the technological concept that health professional could explore Information and Communication Technologies to care remotely, providing diagnosis, intervention and health education. Initially, in this chapter, we discuss the triad involving problem, solution and innovation to create remote health technologies. Followed, we bring in the different names to define the Telemedicine concept supported by the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH Terms). We also present essential features for its implementation in a contextualized way (purpose, cost, access, value added, quality of service, and safety), describing recent evidence found in the clinical trials and systematic reviews with meta-analysis. In the end, we explore ethical issues related to the Telemedicine Implementation (risks and unfolding of the use of Telemedicine, commercialization of the service, the autonomy of choice of the user and equity in the individual needs)

Comparison between bearing, symmetry, and transfer weight measurements in subjects with or without hemiparesis

Avaliação da Simetria e Transferência de Peso (ASTP) foi indicada para se fazer associação entre simetria e atividades funcionais nas hemiparesias, apontando simétricos como mais capacitados. Contudo, tais relações não são claras e divergem com evidências que sugerem assimetrias como estratégias funcionais. Assim, objetivou-se verificar se as medidas subjetivamente determinadas pela ASTP concordam com medidas calculas pela descarga de peso entre os pés. Realizou-se estudo observacional do tipo transversal para amostra de sujeitos com hemiparesia (n=20) pareados por idade e gênero a controles (n=20). Os participantes submeteram-se a procedimentos para obtenção de escore determinado pela ASTP e para cálculo da razão de simetria (RS) na descarga de peso entre os pés obtido por meio de duas balanças digitais. Os resultados obtidos pela ASTP identificaram apenas um sujeito com hemiparesia apresentando simetria, dentre os quatro sujeitos identificados pela RS como simétricos. Ainda, a ASTP não diferenciou assimetrias com sobrecarga para o lado afetado e apresentou correlação significativa somente quando os escores foram analisados com os valores de RS<1(sobrecarga para o lado não afetado). Conclui-se que a ASTP não foi concordante em identificar sujeitos hemiparéticos com descarga de peso compatível com simetria. Ainda, não identificou sobrecargas para o lado afetado que poderia conduzir a análises equivocadas da associação entre simetria e desempenho funcional. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTAssessment of symmetry and weight-transfer (ASWT) was indicated to relate symmetry and functional activity in the hemiparesis, pointing as the most qualified symmetrical. However, such relationships are not clear and disagree with evidences suggesting asymmetries as strategies for functional strategies. Then, it was proposed to verify the measurements subjectively determined by ASWT agree with measurements calculated by weight-bearing distribution for each foot. It was applied observational study with transversal design for sample of subjects with hemiparesis (n=20) matched by age and gender with controls (n=20). Participants were included in procedures toobtain scores by ASWT and to calculate symmetry ratio (SR) in the weight-bearing between feet by digital scales. The results obtained by ASWT indicated only one subject with hemiparesis presenting symmetry among four subjects identified as symmetric by SR. Besides, the ASWT did not differ overweight toward the affected side and presented significant correlation only when the scores were analyzed with values of SR<1(overweight toward the non-affected side). It was concluded that the ASWT was not agreementto identify weight-bearing distribution compatible with symmetry. Moreover, it did not identify overweight toward the affected side that could to drive to mistaken analysis of the relationship between symmetries and functional performance

CONTROLAB MUFA: a multi-level fusion architecture for intelligent navigation of a telerobot

This paper proposes a MUlti-level Fusion Architecture (MUFA) for controlling the navigation of a tele-commanded Autonomous Guided Vehicle (AGV). The architecture combines ideas derived from the fundamental concepts of sensor fusion and distributed intelligence. The focus of the work is the development of an intelligent navigation system for a tricycle drive AGV with the ability to move autonomously within any office enviromnent, following instructions issued by client stations connected to the office network and reacting accordingly to different situations found in the real world. The modules which integrate the MUFA architecture are discussed and results of some simulation experiments are presented

Electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor versus vaginal cone therapy for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence

PURPOSE: to compare the effects of functional electrostimulation of the pelvic floor and therapy with cones in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: randomized clinical study for which 45 patients with SUI were selected. The effects of functional electrostimulation of the pelvic floor were evaluated in the SUI treatment of 24 women, with the use of clinical data (micturition diary, pad test and a questionnaire about quality of life - I-QoL). The patients were submitted to two 20' weekly sessions for four consecutive months, under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The electrode used had 10 cm length and 3.5 cm width with a double metallic ring and a cylindrical shape, positioned in the medium third of the vagina. The electric parameters used were: intensity varying from 10 to 100 mA and 50 Hz of fixed frequency, with pulse duration of 1 ms. Also, we evaluated 21 patients who were submitted to vaginal cone treatment. The cone therapy was done with two 45 minute sessions per week. The cones' weight varied from 20 to 100 gr. RESULTS: there was no difference between the outcomes of electrostimulation of the pelvic floor and the vaginal cones for the treatment of SUI (p>0.05). After four months, there was a significant improvement in the I-QoL index of the patients treated both with electrostimulation (40.3 versus 82.9) or with the cones (47.7 versus 84.1). There was a significant decrease in pad weight in both groups, measured before and after the treatment (28.5 and 32 g versus 2.0 and 3.0 g for the electrostimulation and cone group, respectively). Finally, there was a significant decrease in the number of urinary leakage evaluated by the micturition diary in both groups (p0,05). Observamos, após quatro meses, melhora significativa dos índices de qualidade de vida das pacientes tratadas com eletroestimulação (40,3 versus 82,9) e com os cones (47,7 versus 84,1). Houve diminuição significante do peso do absorvente (pad test) nos dois grupos antes e depois do término dos tratamentos (28,5 e 32 g versus 2,0 e 3,0 g, para o grupo da eletroestimulação e cones, respectivamente). Finalmente, houve diminuição significativa no número de perdas urinárias avaliadas pelo diário miccional nos dois grupos (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: a eletroestimulação e os cones vaginais foram efetivos no tratamento de mulheres com IUE.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ginecologia Setor de Uroginecologia e Cirurgia VaginalUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de GinecologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Ginecologia Setor de Uroginecologia e Cirurgia VaginalUNIFESP, Depto. de GinecologiaSciEL

Patterns of physical fitness and quality of life in military firefighters.

Introdu??o: As atividades operacionais desempenhadas pelo bombeiro militar s?o de alta intensidade, exigindo adequada aptid?o f?sica. Nesse contexto, investigar a pr?tica de atividade f?sica em rela??o ao desempenho f?sico ? importante. Al?m disso, poucos estudos focalizaram a qualidade de vida desses militares. Objetivo: Investigar a rela??o entre o n?vel de atividade f?sica habitual, a aptid?o f?sica e a qualidade de vida de bombeiros militares. M?todos: Estudo de corte transversal, descritivo e correlacional. A amostra foi composta por 30 bombeiros militares de uma corpora??o de Minas Gerais. A aptid?o f?sica foi avaliada por meio do Teste de Avalia??o F?sica (TAF), aplicado pelo Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Minas Gerais (CBMMG), no ano de 2016. A avalia??o do n?vel de atividade f?sica habitual foi realizada utilizando-se o question?rio de Baecke. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo SF-36. A normalidade da distribui??o dos dados foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro Wilk. A rela??o entre as vari?veis foi testada pelo coeficiente de correla??o de Pearson. Todas as an?lises foram realizadas com n?vel de confian?a de 95%. Resultados: Houve correla??o significativa (p?0,05) do n?vel de atividade f?sica com aptid?o f?sica (r=0,41) e com os seguintes aspectos da qualidade de vida: capacidade funcional (r=0,35), vitalidade (r=0,35), aspectos sociais (r=0,37) e sa?de mental (r=0,63). Aptid?o f?sica mostrou-se associada com o escore psicol?gico da qualidade de vida (r=0,37). Conclus?o: Maiores n?veis de atividade f?sica habitual estavam associados a maior aptid?o f?sica em bombeiros militares. Al?m disso, n?vel de atividade f?sica habitual apresentou correla??o mais forte com qualidade de vida do que aptid?o f?sica.Introduction: The operational activities performed by the military firefighter are of high intensity requiring adequate physical fitness. In this context, to investigate physical activity practice regarding physical performance is important. In addition, few studies have explored the quality of life of these military personnel. Objective: To examine the association of habitual physical activity level, physical fitness and quality of life in a military fire company. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 30 military firefighters from a Minas Gerais corporation. Physical fitness was assessed with the Physical Fitness Test (PFT), applied by the Military Fire Brigade of Minas Gerais (MFBMG) in 2016. The assessment of the habitual level of physical activity was performed using the Baecke questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36. The normality of the data distribution was tested by the Shapiro Wilk test. Correlation was tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient. All analyzes with a 95% confidence level. Results: There was a significant correlation (P<0.05) of habitual physical activity level with physical fitness (r=0.41) and with the following domains of quality of life: functional capacity (r=0.35), vitality (r=0.35), social aspects (r=0.37) and mental health (r=0.63). Performance in PFT was associated with a psychological quality of life score (r=0.37). Conclusion: Higher levels of habitual physical activity were associated with greater physical fitness in military firefighters. Furthermore, level of habitual physical activity showed stronger correlation with quality of life than physical fitness

Tecnologia assistiva

Este capítulo surge da experiência adquirida pelos coautores ao trabalhar de forma cooperativa a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento e a inovação em Tecnologia Assistiva, inserindo o tema também nas atividades de ensino e extensão da Universidade de Brasília no âmbito do Núcleo de Tecnologia Assistiva, Acessibilidade e Inovação (NTAAI). Nos primeiros sete anos de existência do NTAAI, nos foi notório constatar que, embora a grande maioria dos estudantes, pesquisadores e professores tenham internalizado uma noção do que é uma Tecnologia Assistiva, nem todos tinham sucesso em diferenciar apropriadamente a Tecnologia Assistiva de outras Tecnologias em Saúde. Por este motivo, já na primeira seção deste capítulo iremos discutir quais características uma tecnologia necessita possuir para ser qualificada como assistiva, permitindo-se então compreender, pela leitura das seções subsequentes, o processo de evolução nas abordagens semântica e político-social pelas quais as tecnologias ditas assistiva passaram no Brasil. Uma vez compreendido esse processo, as diferentes classes de tecnologias assistivas estão caracterizadas de maneira a empoderar o leitor de conhecimento que o permita aprimorar e desenvolver soluções tecnológicas para assistência nas atividades humanas, bem como inovar por meio de produtos e planos de negócios que envolvam Tecnologia Assistiva.This chapter appears from the coauthors experience acquired in a cooperative work to provide research, development and innovation in Assistive Technology, also including the theme in the teaching and extra mural activities of the Universidade de Brasília under the Núcleo de Tecnologia Assistiva, Acessibilidade e Inovação (NTAAI). Over the first seven years’ lifetime in the NTAAI, we notably realize that although the large majority of the students, researchers and professors have internalized a notion of what the Assistive Technology meaning, they do not had success to differentiate appropriately Assistive Technology from other Health Technologies. For this reason, already fallen in the first section of this chapter, we are going to discuss what characteristics must a technology has to be qualified as assistive, allowing to understand through the subsequent sections the process of evolution in the semantic and social-policy approaches by which the technologies named assistive went through in Brazil. Once understood this process, the different classes of assistive technologies are characterized to empower the reader of knowledge, allowing him to improve and develop technological solutions to assist human activities, as well as to innovate by mean of products and business models which includes Assistive Technology

Could heart rate variability be associated with weight bearing asymmetries in cerebrovascular diseases?

Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases result in sensory-motor deficits disturbing postural control that is observed by weight-bearing asymmetries commonly named as hemiparesis. Besides hemiparetic impairments, first observed after stroke, many studies have pointed cardiac failure and risk of sudden death as the main factors responsible for death of stroke survivars. This case series characterized weight-bearing asymmetries and heart rate variability, and describes relationships between these parameters in hemiparesis. Case Series: Brazilian male subjects with chronic hemiparesis acquired after ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery. Five were selected to study heart rate variability obtained by Root Mean Square Successive Difference. Also, weight-bearing asymmetries were measured by Symmetry Ratio calculated by weight-bearing recorded between each foot. The Symmetry Ratio was 1.1±0.43 for all cases presenting a symmetry case (n = 1) and different types of asymmetries cases (n = 4) during upright position. Root Mean Square Successive Difference was 9.9±3.4, presenting strong and significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation with age and a strong but not significant (0.05 < p < 0.10) negative correlation with hemiparesis chronicity. A strong but not significant negative correlation was observed between the Root Mean Square Successive Difference and the Symmetry Rate values. Conclusion: A characteristic pattern of heart rate variability for patients with cerebrovascular disease was observed in these cases, associated significantly with age. Still, this behavior seems to be influenced by chronicity and by different types of asymmetries in the distribution of weight bearing that could be investigated in more appropriate clinical research designs