cTraceo User Manual

Rep. 01/12 - SiPLAB 10/January/2012This internal report describes the C port of the gaussian beam raytracing model TRACEO.This work was funded by National Funds through FCTFoundation for Science and Technology under project SENSOCEAN (PTDC/EEA_ELC/104561/2008)

Measurement-based entanglement of noninteracting bosonic atoms

We demonstrate the ability to extract a spin-entangled state of two neutral atoms via postselection based on a measurement of their spatial configuration. Typically, entangled states of neutral atoms are engineered via atom-atom interactions. In contrast, in our work we use Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to postselect a spin-singlet state after overlapping two atoms in distinct spin states on an effective beam splitter. We verify the presence of entanglement and determine a bound on the postselected fidelity of a spin-singlet state of $\left(0.62 \pm 0.03\right)$. The experiment has direct analogy to creating polarization entanglement with single photons and hence demonstrates the potential to use protocols developed for photons to create complex quantum states with noninteracting atoms.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Inter Regional Government Cooperation: Administrative Law Perspective

As it stated in the considering provision of Law number 32 year 2004 on Local government that “regional administration aimed to accelerate the realization of public welfare through improvement, services, empowerment, and community involvement, as well as enhancing regional competitiveness with underlined to the principles of democracy, equality, justice, privilege and specificity of a region within the system of the Republic of Indonesia”. To realize these goals, cooperation between local governments is needed, it is given that many regional affairs cannot be done by themselves unless in cooperation with other local governments. According to existing legal regulation, the inter-regional government cooperation is stated in various legal forms. Article 195 of Law Number 32 year 2004 choose Joint Decree as the legal form of inter-regional cooperation, while article 5 of the Government Regulation Number 50 year 2007 regarding Local Cooperation establish the cooperation in the form of Agreement. Besides those two legal form of inter-regional cooperation, Ministerial Regulation No. 22 of 2009 on the Technical procedure on inter-regional cooperation stipulate “memorandum of understanding” as form of understanding between two parties before the agreement is signed. Memorandum of understanding and agreement as the legal form of the inter-regional government cooperation is not recognized as legislation product of local government as it promulgated in Article 3 of Ministerial Regulation No. 53 of 2011 on the Establishment of the Regional Legislation Products. This paper aimed to identify the legal form of inter regional cooperation, such legal form is an important to bring legality principle for government action in creating cooperation

On computations of angular momentum and its flux in numerical relativity

The purpose of this note is to point out ambiguities that appear in the calculation of angular momentum and its radiated counterpart when some simple formulae are used to compute them. We illustrate, in two simple different examples, how incorrect results can be obtained with them. Additionally, we discuss the magnitude of possible errors in well known situations.Comment: 8 pages. Minor improvements . To appear in Class. Quantum Gra

Vector sensor geoacoustic estimation with standard arrays

Vector Sensor Arrays (hereafter VSAs) are progressively becoming more and more attractive among the underwater acoustics community due to the advantages of VSAs over standard arrays of acoustic hydrophones. While the later record only acoustic pressure, VSAs record also particle velocity; such technical feature increases by a factor of four the amount of information that can be used for the processing ofacoustic data, leading to a substantial increase in performance. Since VSA sensor technology is relatively recent, and thus not yet fully available, one can consider the usage of closely located pairs of standard hydrophones, which can be used to estimate the vertical component of particle velocity as a difference of acoustic pressure, measured at each pair of hydrophones. The present discussion introduces a theoretical review of particle velocity calculations using different acoustic models, and tests the performance of estimators for geoacoustic inversion using acoustic pressure, particle velocity components and direct and approximated values of the vertical component only.This work was funded by National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology under project SENSOCEAN (PTDC/EEA-ELC/104561/2008)

Mammalian Keratin Associated Proteins (KRTAPs) Subgenomes: Disentangling Hair Diversity and Adaptation to Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

Background: Adaptation of mammals to terrestrial life was facilitated by the unique vertebrate trait of body hair, which occurs in a range of morphological patterns. Keratin associated proteins (KRTAPs), the major structural hair shaft proteins, are largely responsible for hair variation. Results: We exhaustively characterized the KRTAP gene family in 22 mammalian genomes, confirming the existence of 30 KRTAP subfamilies evolving at different rates with varying degrees of diversification and homogenization. Within the two major classes of KRTAPs, the high cysteine (HS) subfamily experienced strong concerted evolution, high rates of gene conversion/recombination and high GC content. In contrast, high glycine-tyrosine (HGT) KRTAPs showed evidence of positive selection and low rates of gene conversion/recombination. Species with more hair and of higher complexity tended to have more KRATP genes (gene expansion). The sloth, with long and coarse hair, had the most KRTAP genes (175 with 141 being intact). By contrast, the hairless dolphin had 35 KRTAPs and the highest pseudogenization rate (74% relative to the 19% mammalian average). Unique hair-related phenotypes, such as scales (armadillo) and spines (hedgehog), were correlated with changes in KRTAPs. Gene expression variation probably also influences hair diversification patterns, for example human have an identical KRTAP repertoire as apes, but much less hair. Conclusions: We hypothesize that differences in KRTAP gene repertoire and gene expression, together with distinct rates of gene conversion/recombination, pseudogenization and positive selection, are likely responsible for micro and macro-phenotypic hair diversification among mammals in response to adaptations to ecological pressures

The role of Ephrins-B1 and - B2 during fetal rat lung development

Background/Aims: The knowledge of the molecular network that governs fetal lung branching is an essential step towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets against pulmonary pathologies. Lung consists of two highly branched systems: airways and vasculature. Ephrins and its receptors, Eph, have been implicated in cardiovascular development, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This study aims to clarify the role of these factors during lung morphogenesis. Methods: Ephrins-B1, -B2 and receptor EphB4 expression pattern was assessed in fetal rat lungs between 15.5 and 21.5 days post-conception, by immunohistochemistry. Fetal rat lungs were harvested at 13.5 dpc, cultured during 4 days and treated with increasing doses of ephrins-B1 and -B2 and the activity of key signaling pathways was assessed. Results: Ephrin-B1 presents mesenchymal expression, whereas ephrin-B2 and its receptor EphB4 were expressed by the epithelium. Both ephrins stimulated pulmonary branching. Moreover, while ephrin-B1 did not affect the pathways studied, ephrin-B2 supplementation decreased activity of JNK, ERK and STAT. This study characterizes the expression pattern of ephrins-B1, -B2 and EphB4 receptor throughout rat lung development. Conclusion: Our data highlight a possible role of ephrins as molecular stimulators of lung morphogenesis. Moreover, it supports the idea that classical vascular factors might play a role as airway growth promoters.We would like to thank Luis Martins and Miguel Carneiro for histological technical support and help on animal euthanasia. This project was funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (PTDC/SAU-OBD/108051/2008). PPT was supported by POPH/ FSE by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (reference SFRH/BD/73660/2010) and FOP was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (reference UMINHO/BII/172/2009)

Linear algebra and optimization based controller design for trajectory tracking of typical chemical process

This paper presents a new controller design to tracking trajectory of a typical chemical process. The plant model is represented by numerical methods and, from this approach, the control actions for an optimal operation of the system are obtained. Its main advantage is that the condition for the tracking error tends to zero and the calculation of control actions, are obtained solving a system of linear equations. The proofs of convergence to zero of the tracking error are presented. Simulation results show the good performance of the proposed control system.Fil: Serrano, Mario Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Ingenieria Quimica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Scaglia, Gustavo Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Ingenieria Quimica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aballay, P.. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Ingenieria Quimica; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, O. A.. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Ingenieria Quimica; ArgentinaFil: Mut, Vicente Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Juan. Instituto de Automática; Argentin

On the sign of the dilaton in the soft wall models

We elaborate on the existence of a spurious massless scalar mode in the vector channel of soft-wall models with incorrectly chosen sign of the exponential profile defining the wall. We re-iterate the point made in our earlier paper and demonstrate that the presence of the mode is robust, depending only on the infra-red asymptotics of the wall. We also re-emphasize that desired confinement properties can be realized with the correct sign choice.Comment: 10 page