Estudio cinético de la reacción del cloro con cloruro cuproso y de la descomposición térmica de cloruro cúprico

Tesis - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1980.Fac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEProQuestpu

An Evaluation of the Effectivity of the Green Leaves Biostimulant on Lettuce Growth, Nutritional Quality, and Mineral Element Efficiencies under Optimal Growth Conditions

The use of biostimulants is becoming a useful tool for increasing crop productivity while enhancing nutritional quality. However, new studies are necessary to confirm that the joint application of different types of biostimulants, together with bioactive compounds, is effective and not harmful to plants. This study examined the impact of applying the biostimulant Green Leaves, comprising Macrocystis algae extract and containing a mixture of amino acids, corn steep liquor extract, calcium, and the bioactive compound glycine betaine. The effect of applying two different doses (3 and 5 mL L−1) of this biostimulant was evaluated on lettuce plants, and growth and quality parameters were analyzed along with photosynthetic efficiency, nutritional status, and nutrient efficiency parameters. The application of Green Leaves improved plant weight (25%) and leaf area and enhanced the photosynthetic rate, the accumulation of soluble sugars and proteins, and the agronomic efficiency of all essential nutrients. The 3 mL L−1 dose improved the nutritional quality of lettuce plants, improving the concentration of phenolic compounds and ascorbate and the antioxidant capacity and reducing NO3− accumulation. The 5 mL L−1 dose improved the absorption of most nutrients, especially N, which reduced the need for fertilizers, thus reducing costs and environmental impact. In short, the Green Leaves product has been identified as a useful product for obtaining higher yield and better quality.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBU

Assessing METland® Design and Performance Through LCA: Techno-Environmental Study With Multifunctional Unit Perspective

Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are costly and energy demanding; such issues are especially remarkable when small communities have to clean up their pollutants. In response to these requirements, a new variety of nature-based solution, so-called METland®, has been recently develop by using concepts from Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET) to outperform classical constructed wetland regarding wastewater treatment. Thus, the current study evaluates two operation modes (aerobic and aerobic–anoxic) of a full-scale METland®, including a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) conducted under a Net Environmental Balance perspective. Moreover, a combined technical and environmental analysis using a Net Eutrophication Balance (NEuB) focus concluded that the downflow (aerobic) mode achieved the highest removal rates for both organic pollutant and nitrogen, and it was revealed as the most environmentally friendly design. Actually, aerobic configuration outperformed anaero/aero-mixed mode in a fold-range from 9 to 30%. LCA was indeed recalculated under diverse Functional Units (FU) to determine the influence of each FU in the impacts. Furthermore, in comparison with constructed wetland, METland® showed a remarkable increase in wastewater treatment capacity per surface area (0.6 m2/pe) without using external energy. Specifically, these results suggest that aerobic–anoxic configuration could be more environmentally friendly under specific situations where high N removal is required. The removal rates achieved demonstrated a robust adaptation to influent variations, revealing a removal average of 92% of Biology Oxygen Demand (BOD), 90% of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 40% of total nitrogen (TN), and 30% of total phosphorus (TP). Moreover, regarding the global warming category, the overall impact was 75% lower compared to other conventional treatments like activated sludge. In conclusion, the LCA revealed that METland® appears as ideal solution for rural areas, considering the low energy requirements and high efficiency to remove organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphates from urban wastewater

Nitrate Removal by Donnan Dialysis and Anion-Exchange Membrane Bioreactor Using Upcycled End-of-Life Reverse Osmosis Membranes

CTM2015-65348-C2-1-R RTI2018-096042-B-C21 CTM2015-74695-JIN (AEI/FEDER/UE) BES-2016-076244 (MCI/AEI/FSE, UE) FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020).This work explores the application of Reverse Osmosis (RO) upcycled membranes, as Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) in Donnan Dialysis (DD) and related processes, such as the Ion Exchange Membrane Bioreactor (IEMB), for the removal of nitrate from contaminated water, to meet drinking water standards. Such upcycled membranes might be manufactured at a lower price than commercial AEMs, while their utilization reinforces the commitment to a circular economy transition. In an effort to gain a better understanding of such AEMs, confocal µ-Raman spectroscopy was employed, to assess the distribution of the ion-exchange sites through the thickness of the prepared membranes, and 2D fluorescence spectroscopy, to evaluate alterations in the membranes caused by fouling and chemical cleaning The best performing membrane reached a 56% average nitrate removal within 24 h in the DD and IEMB systems, with the latter furthermore allowing for simultaneous elimination of the pollutant by biological denitrification, thus avoiding its discharge into the environment. Overall, this work validates the technical feasibility of using RO upcycled AEMs in DD and IEMB processes for nitrate removal. This membrane recycling concept might also find applications for the removal and/or recovery of other target negatively charged species.publishersversionpublishe

Proceso y dispositivo de ozonización para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con pesticidas y otros contaminantes orgánicos de origen agrícola

Número de publicación: ES2178561 A1 (16.12.2002) También publicado como: ES2178561 B1 (01.12.2003) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.)P200002112 (22.08.2000)Proceso y dispositivo de ozonización para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con pesticidas y otros contaminantes orgánicos de origen agrícola en el que un volumen de agua se introduce en un reactor, haciéndose burbujear en el mismo una mezcla de aire y ozono a través del agua. En la fase acuosa se mantienen determinadas condiciones de pH y concentración de agua oxigenada de forma automatizada, generándose una concentración alta de especies radicales que producen la oxidación de los contaminantes. De esta forma se consigue la eliminación de los contaminantes originales y de los productos intermedios, llegándose a la mineralización total o reducción a moléculas orgánicas pequeñas muy oxidadas -ácido oxálico, ácido fórmico- de baja peligrosidad, que permite la reutilización o vertido posterior de las aguas.Universidad de Almería. Otro/s solicitante/s: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares

Procedimiento integrado de electro-oxidación fotovoltaica para la depuración y reutilización de aguas residuales urbanas

Procedimiento integrado de electro-oxidación solar fotovoltaica para la depuración y reutilización de aguas residuales urbanas. Procedimiento para la depuración de aguas residuales urbanas y consecución de condiciones de reutilización, que consiste en la circulación de un caudal de agua QE a tratar a través de un reactor de electro-oxidación en el que se ha integrado una instalación solar fotovoltaica, en el que la corriente eléctrica de alimentación al reactor de electro-oxidación proviene directamente de dicha instalación solar fotovoltaica, comprendiendo el procedimiento la operación continua de regular el caudal de agua QE que se hace circular por el reactor en función del valor de la irradiación solar instantánea.Solicitud: 201130364 (16.03.2011)Nº de Pub. de Solicitud: ES2389202A1 (24.10.2012)Nº de Patente: ES2389202B1 (30.08.2013

Procedimiento y dispositivo para el tratamiento integrado de residuos vegetales procedentes de explotaciones agrícolas y de las aguas residuales originadas

Número de publicación: ES2190855 A1 (16.08.2003) También publicado como: ES2190855 B1 (16.02.2005) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P200002762 (17.11.2000)Procedimiento y dispositivo para el tratamiento integrado de residuos vegetales procedentes de explotaciones agrícolas y de las aguas residuales originadas. Procedimiento y dispositivo para el tratamiento de residuos vegetales en el que un volumen de residuos se somete a un proceso que integra las siguientes operaciones: (i) cortado mediante cizalla, (ii) homogeneizado mediante vibración, (iii) lavado con surfactantes en cilindro rotatorio, (iv) secado en cinta continua mediante chorro de aire caliente, y (v) secado opcional en tanque giratorio provisto de chorro de aire caliente, en caso de ser necesario reducir la humedad, originándose finalmente un residuo estable, de menor volumen que el inicial apto para uso industrial, y una corriente de aguas de lavado con una elevada concentración de pesticidas, microorganismos, surfactantes y partículas. La corriente de aguas de lavado se filtran y se llevan a un tanque-reactor que por tratamiento oxidativo con ozono y agua oxigenada mineraliza loscontaminantes presentes permitiendo su reutilización.Universidad de Almerí

Computational flow cytometry reveals that cryopreservation induces spermptosis but subpopulations of spermatozoa may experience capacitation-like changes

[EN] The reduced lifespan of cryopreserved spermatozoa in the mare reproductive tract has been attributed to both capacitative and apoptotic changes. However, there is a lack of studies investigating both phenomena simultaneously. In order to improve our knowledge in this particular point, we studied in raw and frozen-thawed samples apoptotic and capacitative markers using a wide battery of test based in flow cytometry. Apoptotic markers evaluated were caspase 3 activity, externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), and mitochondrial membrane potential. Markers of changes resembling capacitation were membrane fluidity, tyrosine phosphorylation, and intracellular sodium. Conventional and computational flow cytometry using nonlinear dimensionally reduction techniques (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)) and automatic classification of cellular expression by nonlinear stochastic embedding (ACCENSE) were used. Most of the changes induced by cryopreservation were apoptotic, with increase in caspase 3 activation (P < 0.01), PS translocation to the outer membrane (P < 0.001), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05), and increase in intracellular Na+ (P < 0.01). Average values of markers of capacitative changes were not affected by cryopreservation; however, the analysis of the phenotype of individual spermatozoa using computational flow cytometry revealed the presence of subpopulations of spermatozoa experiencing capacitative changes. For the first time advanced computational techniques were applied to the analysis of spermatozoa, and these techniques were able to disclose relevant information of the ejaculate that remained hidden using conventional flow cytometry.SIThe authors received financial support for this study from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER, Madrid, Spain, grant AGL2013-43211-R, Junta de Extremadura-FEDER (GR 15029). PMM is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Madrid Spain FPU13/03991. COF is supported by a post-doctoral grant from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad “Juan de la Cierva” IJCI-2014-21671