Calcium binding to a remote site can replace magnesium as cofactor for mitochondrial Hsp90 (TRAP1) ATPase activity.

The Hsp90 molecular chaperones are ATP-dependent enzymes that maintain protein homeostasis and regulate many essential cellular processes. Higher eukaryotes have organelle-specific Hsp90 paralogs that are adapted to each subcellular environment. The mitochondrial Hsp90, TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), supports the folding and activity of electron transport components and is increasingly appreciated as a critical player in mitochondrial signaling. Calcium plays a well-known and important regulatory role in mitochondria where it can accumulate to much higher concentrations than in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, we found here that calcium can replace magnesium, the essential enzymatic cofactor, to support TRAP1 ATPase activity. Anomalous X-ray diffraction experiments revealed a calcium-binding site within the TRAP1 nucleotide-binding pocket located near the ATP α-phosphate and completely distinct from the magnesium-binding site adjacent to the β- and γ-phosphates. In the presence of magnesium, ATP hydrolysis by TRAP1, as with other Hsp90s, was noncooperative, whereas calcium binding resulted in cooperative hydrolysis by the two protomers within the Hsp90 dimer. The structural data suggested a mechanism for this cooperative behavior. Because of the cooperativity, at high ATP concentrations, ATPase activity was higher with calcium, whereas the converse was observed at low ATP concentrations. Integrating these observations, we propose a model in which the divalent cation choice can control switching between noncooperative and cooperative TRAP1 ATPase mechanisms in response to varying ATP concentrations. This switching may facilitate coordination between cellular energetics, mitochondrial signaling, and protein homeostasis via alterations in the TRAP1 ATP-driven cycle and its consequent effects on different mitochondrial clients

A novel N-terminal extension in mitochondrial TRAP1 serves as a thermal regulator of chaperone activity.

Hsp90 is a conserved chaperone that facilitates protein homeostasis. Our crystal structure of the mitochondrial Hsp90, TRAP1, revealed an extension of the N-terminal β-strand previously shown to cross between protomers in the closed state. In this study, we address the regulatory function of this extension or 'strap' and demonstrate its responsibility for an unusual temperature dependence in ATPase rates. This dependence is a consequence of a thermally sensitive kinetic barrier between the apo 'open' and ATP-bound 'closed' conformations. The strap stabilizes the closed state through trans-protomer interactions. Displacement of cis-protomer contacts from the apo state is rate-limiting for closure and ATP hydrolysis. Strap release is coupled to rotation of the N-terminal domain and dynamics of the nucleotide binding pocket lid. The strap is conserved in higher eukaryotes but absent from yeast and prokaryotes suggesting its role as a thermal and kinetic regulator, adapting Hsp90s to the demands of unique cellular and organismal environments

SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PADA WARNA WARNI AUTOBODY PALEMBANG

Warna Warni Autobody merupakan bengkel mobil yang bergerak di bidang pengecatan, perbaikan, dan perawatan mobil. Sebagai penyedia jasa perbaikan mobil, Warna Warni Autobody sering mengalami kesulitan dalam proses pencatatan dan perincian transaksi karena pencatatan berulang, maka dari itu dibutuhkan Sistem Informasi Manajemen yang akurat sehingga proses bisnis Warna Warni Autobody dapat berjalan dengan lebih baik lagi. Tujuan penyusunan skripsi ini adalah bagaimana membuat suatu sistem informasi manajemen berbasis dekstop dengan memberikan informasi mengenai informasi yang diperlukan oleh pimpinan berkaitan dengan kegiatan service yang ada di Warna Warni Autobody. Proses pengembangan sistem ini dalam skripsi menggunakan metodologi iterasi yaitu dengan melakukan fase perencanaan, fase analisis masalah, tahapan perancangan, dan tahapan implementasi. Sedangkan dalam penerapan sistem penulis menggunakan bahasa pemograman adalah Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 dan Microsoft SQL Server 2008 sebagai databasenya. Hasil yang didapatkan dengan adanya sebuah Sistem Informasi Manajemen ini, diharapkan dapat lebih memudahkan dalam memberikan informasi perbaikan service kepada pimpinan dan mengahasilkan laporan biaya bulanan yang akurat

The flora and vegetation in an area of the Caatinga in Taperuaba, Sobral, Ceará state, Brazil

The Caatinga, covering about 800.000 km2, is the predominant vegetation type of the semi-arid region of Brazil. The Caatinga biome comprises several phytophysiognomies and floristic compositions, with many endemic species, especially in Fabaceae, Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae e Combretaceae. Despite considerable advances, the Brazilian semi-arid needs more studies and inventories of biodiversity, especially the Ceará state. On the basis of these considerations, the present study aims to identify the flora and vegetation, in order to characterize the phytophysiognomy in an area of the Caatinga, in locality of Taperuaba, municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Field work was conducted in March 2015 and 2016 respectively, in three transects. The life-forms were established in accordance of Raunkiaer´s system. The floristic list is composed of 87 species, distributed in 66 genera and 36 families. The flora comprises 22 Brazilian endemic species. The most representative family was Fabaceae with 15 species, followed by Malvaceae (7) Convolvulaceae (6), Euphorbiaceae (5) and Poaceae (5). The biological spectrum had a high proportion of therophytes (29,9%), chamaephytes (29,9%) and phanerophytes (26,4%). In the area were identified two phytophysiognomies: outcrops communities highlighting succulent phanerophytes (Pilosocereus chrysostele (Vaupel) Byles & G.D. Rowley subsp. cearensis P.J. Braun & Esteves and P. gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & Rowley), chamaephytes (Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f. and Lepidaploa chalybaea (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob.) and therophytes (Mitracarpus baturitensis Sucre), mixed with communities including small trees and shrubs on deeper soil, composed of Cereus jamacaru DC., a succulent phanerophyte, and many woody phanerophytes, such as Cordia oncocalyx Allemão, Crateva trapia L., Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth., M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir., Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz and P. pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz

Técnica De Processamento De Sinais De GirÈmetros Interferométricos De Sagnac Através Da Diferença Das Médias Dos Semiciclos Negativos Do Sinal

O presente relatório apresenta um sistema opto-eletrônico (figura 1) que demodula a intensidade e o sentido da razão de rotação experimentada por um sensor interferométrico de Sagnac à polarização dinâmica e fornece tensões elétricas de saída que podem ser usadas para controlar a intensidade luminosa dos feixes de luz e a estabilidade da modulação dinâmica empregada no sistema. Propõe-se a utilização da diferença entre os valores das médias dos semi-ciclos negativos alternados do sinal de saída do amplificador de transimpedância acoplado ao fotodiodo do sistema interferométrico. No qual o circuito detector de médias dos semiciclos (106) é implementado utilizando-se chaves analógicas e comparadores de tensão. Também são propostos a medição e o controle da profundidade de modulação utilizando-se os valores das médias dos semi-ciclos negativos (201), (202) e o valor de pico (203) da tensão ac de saída do amplificador (103). Este modelo de configuração pode ser utilizado tanto em sistemas de malha óptica aberta ou fechada. As dificuldades tecnológicas de implementação desta técnica de processamento são bem menores do que aquelas das configurações já conhecidas.BR0102794G01C19/64G01C19/64BR20010102794G01C19/64G01C19/6

Técnica De Detecção De Sinais De Giroscópio A Fibra óptica Usando 'zero Crossing' Com Clock Sìncrono

Refere-se o presente relatório a uma nova técnica digital de detecção de sinais que pode ser utilizada em sistemas ópto-eletrônicos, que demodula a intensidade e o sentido de rotação experimentada por um Giroscópio a Fibra Óptica. Propõe-se a utilização da técnica de cruzamentos de zero do sinal interferométrico, que utiliza a característica de proporcionalidade entre os intervalos de tempo, determinados pelos pontos de cruzamentos de zero da componente AC do sinal detectado e a velocidade de rotação à qual está submetido o Giroscópio a Fibra Ótica. Um método de demodulação digital foi desenvolvido utilizando a técnica de cruzamento de zero do sinal, que permite detectar a diferença de fase de Sagnac, proporcional à taxa de rotação do sistema, na medida da diferença de intervalos de tempo determinados pelos pontos de cruzamentos de zero. Propõe-se uma arquitetura de demodulação para a obtenção da intensidade e sentido da velocidade de rotação, que além de melhorar a resolução da medição, aumenta a faixa dinâmica de trabalho, na medida em que se aumenta o número de períodos de integração, comportando-se como um filtro passa baixas, com frequência de corte que diminui com o aumento do tempo de integração.BR0102793G01C19/64G01C19/64BR20010102793G01C19/64G01C19/6

Alternatif Pemilihan Laptop Bagi Mahasiswa Di Jakarta Utara Menggunakan Metode Analytic Hierarchy Process

Laptops are thing that are needed by the community in educational activities and in work activities, but the accuracy in choosing laptops based on needs is difficult because there are many laptop brands with a variety of prices and features. This study discusses the selection of laptops as a daily driver for students in North Jakarta, research using the AHP method to analyze several alternatives that have been determined based on filling priority weights between criteria and criteria, and alternatives with alternatives for each criterion. The results of this study indicate that the price, processor, and RAM criteria are the three biggest criteria determining laptop selection. The alternative chosen in this study is the ASUS A456URKeywords: laptop, bobot prioritas, AH

Pangkalan Militer Manas Dan Keamanan Kawasan Asia Tengah Dari Ancaman Terorisme (2001-2014)

Amerika Serikat (AS) dikenal sebagai negara yang paling berpengaruh dalam fluktuasi keamanan global. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan setiap kebijakan keamanan yang diterapkan AS selalu menjadi isu yang menarik untuk dibahas. Salah satu kebijakan keamanan AS yang penting dan menarik adalah pembangunan pangkalan militer Manas di Kyrgystan. Pembangunan ini merupakan implementasi dari hubungan bilateral antar kedua negara. Di lain sisi, pembangunan tersebut tentunya disertai konsekuensi akan kebijakan tersebut yang berimplikasi terhadap berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat regional tersebut. Asia Tengah dalam sejarahnya menjadi salah satu kawasan yang rentan terhadap ancaman non-tradisional, terkhusus mengenai masalah terorisme. Hal tersebut yang membuat eksistensi pangkalan militer Manas memiliki konsekuensi besar terhadap perdamaian dan keamanan kawasan Asia Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis eksistensi pembangunan pangkalan militer Manas di Kyrgystan dalam periode pasca pembangunan tahun 2001 hingga penutupan pangkalan militer tersebut pada tahun 2014 serta implikasi terhadap sektor keamanan Kawasan Asia Tengah antara AS dan Kyrgystan. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan konsep pangkalan militer asing, kebijakan keamanan, serta keamanan kawasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif analitik, berbasis pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan implikasi dari pembangunan serta operasionalisasi pangkalan militer Manas di Kyrgystan oleh AS terhadap keamanan kawasan Asia Tengah dari ancaman terorisme yang menurun secara signifikan. Kata Kunci: Amerika Serikat, Kyrgystan, Pangkalan Militer Manas, Asia Tengah. / The United States (US) is known as the most influential country in global security fluctuations. This is evidenced by the fact that every security policy implemented by the US has always been an interesting issue to discuss. One of the important and interesting US security policies is the construction of the Manas military base in Kyrgystan. This development is an implementation of bilateral relations between the two countries. On the other hand, this development will be accompanied by the consequences of this policy which have implications for various sectors of the life of the regional community. Central Asia has historically been one of the regions vulnerable to non-traditional threats, especially regarding the issue of terrorism. This thing makes the existence of the Manas military base have major consequences for the peace and security of the Central Asia region. This study aims to analyze the existence of the construction of the Manas military base in Kyrgystan in the post-construction period in 2001 until the closure of the military base in 2014 and the implications for the security sector in the Central Asia Region between the US and Kyrgystan. This research is analyzed using the concept of foreign military bases, security policies, and regional security. The research method used is qualitative method with analytic descriptive type, based on primary and secondary data collection. The results of the study will explain the existence of the post-construction of the Manas military base in Kyrgystan by the US on the security of the Central Asia region from terrorism. Keywords: United States, Kyrgystan, Manas Military Base, Central Asia

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Guided Discovery untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Kalor di SMAN 1 Menganti Gresik

Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal (pra-penelitian) yang telah dilakukan ternyata terdapat miskonsepsi pada siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Menganti pada materi kalor sehingga dilakukanlah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penurunan tingkat miskonsepsi siswa pada materi kalor dengan model pembelajaran guided discovery. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dan desain penelitiannya adalah  pre-experimental design dengan jenis desainnya adalah pretest-posttest group. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA 1, X MIA 2, dan X MIA 4. Data diperoleh dari pretest dan posttest. Hasil pretest digunakan untuk uji normalitas dan homogenitas Berdasarkan uji normalitas dan homogenitas, ketiga sampel yang dipilih terdistribusi normal dan homogen. Penerapan model pembelajaran guided discovery pada kelas X MIA 1, X MIA 2, dan X MIA 4 dapat terlaksana dengan kategori baik. Hasil pretest dan posttest digunakan untuk menggolongankan konsepsi siswa sebelum diberi perlakuan dan sesudah diberi perlakuan, yang diukur menggunakan  instrumen Certainty of Response Index (CRI) dengan tiga kriteria yaitu miskonsepsi (MK), tahu konsep (TK), dan tidak tahu konsep (TTK). Dari hasil hasil pretest dan posttest terdapat penurunan tingkat miskonsepsi siswa setelah diberi perlakuan, rata-rata penurunan tingkat miskonsepsi siswa pada kelas X MIA 1 sebesar 25,69%, kelas X MIA 2 sebesar 21,88%, dan kelas X MIA 4 sebesar 31,72%. Persentase respon siswa untuk kelas X MIA 1 sebesar 80,7 termasuk dalam kategori baik, kelas X MIA 2 sebesar 81,9% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik, dan untuk kelas X MIA 4  sebesar 81,8% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Kata kunci : Guided discovery, CRI(Certainty of Response Index), miskonsepsi.   Abstract Based on the results of preliminary observations that has been carried out  there are some misconceptions on the  SMAN 1 Mengantis grade X students  that leads to research aimed at described the decrease in the level students misconceptions  on material heat with guided discovery learning. The research is experiment research and the research’s design is pre-expeimental design with a kind of design is pretest-posttest group. The subject of this research is student of class X MIA 1, X MIA 2, and X MIA 4. The data is the result of pretest and posttest. The pretest used to normality test and homogeneity test, based on the homogeneity and normality, samples that selected are normal and homogeneous distributed. Implementation of guided discovery on class X MIA 1, XMIA 2, and X MIA 4 can be done with good category.  The pretest and posttest also used to group conception of students before being treatment and after being treatment, measured use Certainty of Response Index (CRI) instruments with three criteria there are misconceptions (MK), know the concept of (TK), and do not know the concept of (TTK). Based on the result of pretest and posttest there are declining of students’ misconceptions after their received treatment, the average of declining students’ misconceptions on class X MIA 1 is 25,69%, on class X MIA 2 is 21,88%, and on class X MIA 4 is 31,72%. The percentage of students response in class X MIA 1 is 80,7% that included in good category, on class X MIA 2 is 81,9% that included in very good category, and on class X MIA 4 is 81,8% that included in very good category. Keyword : Guided discovery, CRI (Certainty of Response Index), misconception