520 research outputs found

    Integration and Informational Efficiency for Local and Regional Equity Markets During the Subprime Crisis

    Get PDF
    Objective: To study the link between the market integration and informational efficiency in the local and regional market, while taking into account the global financial crisis.Method: The pooled ordinary least squares (OLS),Results: the markets that are more integrated with the US market are also more efficient. This association lost its explanatory power during the crisis period than their developed counterparts.Originality / relevance:the first study to examine the integration and efficiency of local and regional markets taking into account periods of crisis.   French title: IntĂ©gration et efficience informationnelle des marchĂ©s locaux et rĂ©gionaux pendant la crise de subprimes Objectif : Etudier le lien entre l’intĂ©gration et l’efficience informationnelle sur le marchĂ© local et rĂ©gional, tout en tenant compte de la crise de subprimes.MĂ©thode : Moindre carrĂ© ordinaire : MCORĂ©sultats : Les marchĂ©s les plus intĂ©grĂ©s au marchĂ© amĂ©ricain sont Ă©galement plus efficients. Cette association a perdu son pouvoir explicatif pendant la pĂ©riode de crise que leurs homologues dĂ©veloppĂ©s.OriginalitĂ© / pertinence : La premiĂšre Ă©tude qui examine l’intĂ©gration et l'efficience des marchĂ©s locaux et rĂ©gionaux en tenant compte des pĂ©riodes de crise

    Diversité des champignons endophytes mycorhiziens et de classe II chez le pois chiche, et influence du génotype de la plante

    Full text link
    rĂ©alisĂ© en cotutelle avec la FacultĂ© des Sciences de Tunis, UniversitĂ© Tunis El Manar.Le pois chiche (Cicer arietinum L.) a l’avantage de pouvoir assimiler l'azote atmosphĂ©rique grĂące Ă  son association symbiotique avec des bactĂ©ries du genre Mesorhizobium. MalgrĂ© cet effet bĂ©nĂ©fique sur les systĂšmes culturaux, le pois chiche rĂ©duit parfois la productivitĂ© du blĂ© qui la suit. Cet effet nĂ©gatif du pois chiche pourrait provenir d’une rĂ©action allĂ©lopathique Ă  ses exsudats racinaires ou rĂ©sidus, ou de changements inopportuns dans la communautĂ© microbienne du sol induits par la plante. L'amĂ©lioration des interactions symbiotiques du pois chiche pourrait amĂ©liorer la performance Ă©conomique et environnementale des systĂšmes culturaux basĂ©s sur le blĂ©. L’objectif Ă  long terme de ce travail est d'amĂ©liorer l’influence du pois chiches sur son environnement biologique et sur la productivitĂ© du systĂšme cultural. À court terme, nous voulons 1) vĂ©rifier l'effet des champignons endophytes sur la performance de cultivars de pois chiche de type desi et kabuli, particuliĂšrement en conditions de stress hydrique, ainsi que sur celle d’une culture subsĂ©quente de blĂ© dur, 2) identifier des cultivars de pois chiche capables d’amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© biologique de sols cultivĂ©s, 3) vĂ©rifier que des composĂ©s biologiquement actifs sont prĂ©sents dans les racines des diffĂ©rents cultivars de pois chiches et 4) dĂ©finir la nature de l’activitĂ© (stimulation ou inhibition) des ces composĂ©s sur les champignons endomycorhiziens Ă  arbuscules (CMA), qui sont des microorganismes bĂ©nĂ©fiques du sol reconnus. L’inoculation du pois chiche avec des champignons endophytes indigĂšnes en serre a augmentĂ© la tolĂ©rance Ă  la sĂ©cheresse du cultivar de type kabuli Ă  feuille simple CDC Xena et amĂ©liorĂ© la nutrition azotĂ©e et phosphatĂ©e d’un cultivar de type desi, cv. CDC Nika, cultivĂ© en conditions de stress hydrique. La germination des graines de blĂ© dur fut meilleure lorsque celles-ci Ă©taient semĂ©es dans les dĂ©bris de pois chiche inoculĂ© de type kabuli. Le sol dans lequel le gĂ©notype de pois chiche Ă  feuille simple CDC Xena fut cultivĂ© mais duquel tout le matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal de pois chiche fut retirĂ© a fortement inhibĂ© la germination des semences de blĂ© dur, ce qui suggĂšre un effet des exsudats racinaires sur la communautĂ© microbienne du sol associĂ©e Ă  cette variĂ©tĂ© de pois chiche. En champ, les cultivars de pois chiche ont influencĂ© diffĂ©remment la composition des communautĂ©s de champignons de la rhizosphĂšre. Les espĂšces de champignons pathogĂšnes Ă©taient infrĂ©quentes et les espĂšces saprotrophiques et de CMA Ă©taient frĂ©quentes dans la zone des racines du cultivar de type desi CDC Anna. L’effet des composĂ©s contenus dans les fractions sĂ©parĂ©es par HPLC et solubles en solution de mĂ©thanol Ă  25% et 50% de l’extrait racinaire de ce cultivar sur la germination de spores de CMA a Ă©tĂ© testĂ© in vitro. Les deux espĂšces de CMA utilisĂ©es ont rĂ©pondu diffĂ©remment Ă  l’exposition aux composĂ©s testĂ©s, rĂ©vĂ©lant un mĂ©canisme impliquĂ© dans l’association prĂ©fĂ©rentielle entre les plantes hĂŽtes et les CMA qui leurs sont associĂ©s. Nous concluons que le gĂ©notype de pois chiche influence la composition de la communautĂ© microbienne qui lui est associĂ©e et que cette influence est reliĂ©e au moins en partie aux molĂ©cules bioactives produites par les racines de la plante. D’autre part, la productivitĂ© du pois chiche et de la culture subsĂ©quente pourrait ĂȘtre favorisĂ©e par la manipulation de leurs champignons endophytes par inoculation.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has the ability to bring free N into cropping systems, but is only a fair rotation crop, leading to lower yield in following wheat crops, as compared to medic, vetch or lentil. The negative effects of a chickpea plant on the following wheat crops could come from chickpea root exudates, their residues or their influence on the soil microbial community. The identification of chickpea cultivars best able to promote soil biological quality and the growth of a subsequent crop in rotation will help farmers in selecting better crop rotations and, thus, will improve crop management in soil zone growing chickpea. The global objective of this research is to improve the fitness of chickpea crops to their biological environment and to improve the ability of the plant to enhance soil biological quality. The specific objectives were (1) to verify that the productivity of chickpea and subsequent crops could be promoted through the inoculation by some indigenous endophytic fungi particularly under drought stress conditions (2) to verify the existence of variation in the rhizospheric associations of field-grown chickpea, as it is a necessary condition for the selection of genotypes with improved compatibility with beneficial microorganisms. (3) to identify the biologically active compounds present in the root extracts of chickpea cultivars with contrasting phenotypes, and assess their effect on beneficial and pathogenic soil microorganisms. The greenhouse experiments show that inoculation with indigenous endophytes increased drought tolerance of the unifoliate Kabuli chickpea CDC Xena and the N and P nutrition of the drought stressed Desi chickpea CDC Nika. Inoculation of both Kabuli chickpea varieties with indigenous endophytes improved wheat seeds germination in tissues amended soil. Residue-free soil previously growing the unifoliate Kabuli chickpea CDC Xena strongly inhibited durum seed germination suggesting an effect of root exudates on the soil microbial community, with this Kabuli chickpea variety. In a field experiment, the fungal diversity in cultivated Prairie dryland appeared to host a large array of fungal groups known to reduced plant nutrient, water and biotic stresses, and chickpea genotypes influenced differently the composition and biomass of the soil microbial community. The Desi chickpea CDC Anna was associated with high diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and culturable fungi, favored the proliferation of soil bacteria and fungal genus hosting biocontrol agents, and developed high AM root colonization level, as compared to the three Kabuli genotypes examined. The HPLC fractions of the roots of chickpea cultivar CDC Anna were recovered and the effects of these fractions on AM fungal spore germination were assayed in multi-well plates. Root extract fractions affect in a different ways the percentage of spores’ germination of Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora Rosea. We concluded that the genotype of chickpea plants influences the composition of the associated microbial community, and this influence may be related to molecular signals produced by the plants. Furthermore, the productivity of chickpea and subsequent crops could be promoted through the inoculation with indigenous endophytic fungi

    Asset pricing and predictability of stock returns in the french market

    Get PDF
    This paper studies the predictability of returns in the French stock market. It provides an analysis of predictable components of monthly common stock returns. We study a single-beta conditional model and we show that stock market risk premium is variable over the time and is important for capturing predictable variations of stock returns. We find also that the expected excess returns on small and medium capitalization stocks are more sensitive to changes in the predetermined variables such as dividend yields, default spread and term spread, than expected excess returns on large capitalization stocks

    Variation de risque mondial, local et de change sur les marches boursiers

    Get PDF
    Objectif : Ă©tudier l’importance des risques mondiaux, locaux et de change MĂ©thode :   MEDAFI et DCC-GARCH RĂ©sultats : le risque mondial, local et de change sont Ă©valuĂ©s et varient dans le temps. Le prix du risque local sur le marchĂ© boursier Ă©mergent ne varie pas dans le temps par rapport au marchĂ© mondial, mais varie dans le temps par rapport au marchĂ© Ă©mergent. OriginalitĂ© / pertinence : Etudier l'Ă©volution de risque global, local et  de change sur une longue pĂ©riode et mettre en Ɠuvre plusieurs processus pour estimer le CAPM, comme un modĂšle multivariĂ© GARCH-DCC. Mots-clĂ©s : risque de change, risque global, risque local et DCC-GARCH

    NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AND RAINFALL VARIABILITY ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN

    Get PDF
    Regions of the south-western Mediterranean basin were the focus of many studies since they have experienced a series of climate changes. The contribution of the North Atlantic Oscillation in precipitations is required to be analyzed with the aim to understand the possible hydrological changes. In this way, an analysis of precipitations along the coast of central Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) was carried. The present analysis was performed using (1) The graphical method of information processing and (2) wavelet transform technique. Results can be summarized as the following. Results show a high drought observed in all studied regions since the med-eighties and a return of the wet period since year 2003. Moreover, we demonstrate significant links of precipitations with the North Atlantic Oscillatio

    The role of the Bay of Biscai Mesozoic extensional estructure in the configuration of the Pyrenean orogen: Constraints from the MARCONI deep seismic reflection survey

    Full text link
    Seismic interpretation of the MARCONI deepseismic survey enables recognition of the upper crustalstructure of the eastern part of the Bay of Biscay andthe main features of its Alpine geodynamic evolution.The new data denotes that two domains with differentPyrenean and north foreland structures exist in the Bayof Biscay. In the eastern or Basque‐Parentis Domain,the North Pyrenean front is located close to the Spanishcoast, and the northern foreland of the Pyrenees is con-stituted by a continental crust thinned by a north dip-ping fault that induced the formation of the EarlyCretaceous Parentis Basin. In the western or Cantab-rian Domain, the North Pyrenean front is shifted tothe north and deforms a narrower and deeper forelandbasin which lies on the top of a transitional crustformed from the exhumation of lithospheric mantlealong a south dipping extensional low‐angle faultduring the Early Cretaceous. The transition betweenthese two domains corresponds to a soft transfer zonelinking the shifted North Pyrenean fronts and a north‐to WNW‐directed thrust that places the continentalcrust of the Landes Plateau over the transitional crustof the Bay of Biscay abyssal plain. Comparisonbetween this structure and regional data enables char-acterization of the extensional rift system developedbetween Iberia and Eurasia during the Late Jurassicand Cretaceous and recognizes that this rift systemcontrolled not only the location and features of thePyrenean thrust sheets but also the overall structureof this oroge

    Activités amylase et lichenase d'une nouvelle souche de Bacillus. Production sur milieu solide et caractérisation.

    Get PDF
    L objectif de cette thĂšse Ă©tait d isoler de nouvelles glycoside-hydrolases Ă  partir d une souche de Bacillus issue d un Biotope sud-tunisien. Cette souche a montrĂ© des potentialitĂ©s Ă  produire une amylase et une lichenase Ă  45C et Ă  pH 9. La production de ces deux hydrolases a Ă©tĂ© optimisĂ©e en fermentation solide sur millet, une agro-ressource de faible coĂ»t. Cette optimisation a Ă©tĂ© conduite en adoptant la mĂ©thodologie des plans d expĂ©riences. Nous avons ainsi obtenu des niveaux de production de l ordre de 540 UnitĂ©s d activitĂ©s amylase par gramme de substrat solide et 503 U/g d activitĂ© lichenase. Ces deux protĂ©ines ont Ă©tĂ© par la suite purifiĂ©es et caractĂ©risĂ©es biochimiquement. L amylase prĂ©sente un pH et une tempĂ©rature d activitĂ© optimaux de 5 et 70C, respectivement. La lichenase a montrĂ© une thermoactivitĂ© et une thermostabilitĂ© remarquables qui la distinguent des lichenases prĂ©cĂ©demment dĂ©crites. En effet, l enzyme conserve plus de 20% de son activitĂ© Ă  100C, et plus de 60% de son activitĂ© aprĂšs une incubation de 30 min Ă  90C. Le gĂšne codant pour cette protĂ©ine a Ă©tĂ© isolĂ© par la construction d une banque fosmidique dans E. coli. La comparaison de sa sĂ©quence avec la banque de donnĂ©es NCBI a montrĂ© que le gĂšne de la lichenase UEB-S possĂšde une trĂšs forte homologie avec celle de Bacillus subtilis 168, avec les positions de deux acides aminĂ©s seulement qui divergent. Un modĂšle de la lichenase construit au cours de cette Ă©tude laisse supposer que l un de ces deux acides aminĂ©s (Val 69) pourrait ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans sa thermostabilitĂ©, et ce en modifiant la gĂ©omĂ©trie du site de fixation au calciumThe aim of this thesis was to isolate new glycoside hydrolases from a Bacillus strain isolated from a Biotope in the south of Tunisia. This strain was able to produce a lichenase and an amylase at 45 C and pH 9. The production of these two hydrolases was optimized in solid state fermentaion using millet, a low cost. agro-resource as solid substrate. This optimization was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Doehlert design. We obtained production levels of around 540 units of amylase activity per gram of solid substrate and 503 U / g of lichenase activity.Both proteins were subsequently purified and characterized biochemically. The amylase has a pH and a temperature optimum of activity of 5 and 70 C, respectively. The lichenase showed a remarkable thermostability which distinguish it from described lichenases. Indeed, the enzyme retained more than 20% of its activity at 100 C, and more than 60% of its activity after incubation for 30 min at 90 C. The gene encoding this protein was isolated by the construction of genomic a library in E. coli. Comparison of its sequence with the NCBI database showed that the gene coding for UEB-S lichenase has a very high homology with that of Bacillus subtilis 168, with a difference in the position of only two amino acids A model for UEB-S lichenase built during this study suggests that one of these two amino acids (Val 69) could be involved in its thermostability probabely by changing the geometry of the calcium binding siteTOULOUSE-INSA-Bib. electronique (315559905) / SudocSudocFranceF
    • 

    corecore