IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PENEGAKAN HUKUM DARI PERBEDAAN DEFINISI KORBAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG DENGAN PROTOKOL PALERMO

Perdagangan orang merupakan isu pelanggaran HAM yang mendesak. Minimnya jumlah kasus perdagangan orang yang diputus pengadilan menggambarkan adanya kendala dalam penegakan hukum. Terdapat peningkatan proporsi anak yang menjadi korban. Sangat penting bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk menghukum pelaku perdagangan anak. Berikut adalah identifikasi masalah: Bagaimana implikasi perbedaan definisi korban menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dan Protokol Palermo terhadap penegakan hukum? Kendala apa saja yang terjadi selama proses penegakan hukum yang berkaitan dengan tindak pidana perdagangan orang? Bagaimana upaya pemerintah melindungi korban perdagangan orang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang? Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu pendekatan masalah dengan melihat, menelaah dan menginterpretasikan hal-hal yang bersifat teoritis yang menyangkut asas-asas hukum yang berupa konsepsi, peraturan perundang-undangan, pandangan, doktrin hukum dan sistem hukum yang berkaitan. Dalam menganalisa data, penulis menggunakan metode analisis yuridis kualitatif. Implikasi perbedaan definisi korban menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dan Protokol Palermo terhadap penegakan hukum adalah: proses penyidikan berjalan lebih rumit, adanya gangguan penegakan hukum disebabkan perundang-undangan tidak peka terhadap kondisi dan lingkungan masyarakat, adanya gangguan penegakan hukum disebabkan tidak diikutinya asas-asas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, serta penegakan hukum yang tidak dapat menjerat kasus perdagangan anak secara keseluruhan. Kendala yang terjadi selama proses penegakan hukum tindak pidana perdagangan orang adalah: definisi perdagangan orang yang masih mengundang perdebatan, kurangnya kapasitas aparat penegak hukum mengenai perdagangan orang, keengganan korban bekerja sama dalam proses penyidikan dan pemeriksaan, kurangnya jumlah aparat penegak hukum, minimnya biaya, dan penekanan kepada kesaksian korban sebagai alat bukti dalam penyidikan dan penuntutan. Upaya melindungi korban perdagangan orang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Jawa Barat dan Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Barat. Perlindungan korban yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Jawa Barat adalah pembentukan Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A) di tingkat provinsi dan P2TP2A di 26 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Barat. Perlindungan korban yang dilakukan oleh Kepolisian Daerah Jawa Barat adalah melengkapi jajaran personilnya dengan tenaga konselor dan memberlakukan pendekatan khusus untuk membuat proses penyidikan ramah anak. Kata Kunci: Anak, Penegakan Hukum, Perdagangan Oran

Multi-panel comic narratives in Australian First World War trench publications as citizen journalism

Although textual expressions by soldiers in their own trench and troopship newspapers are relatively well known, the way that the men created and used cartoon multi-panel format is not. Humorous visual self-expression has provided a record of satirical social observation from a 'bottom up' perspective. The contribution made by illustrative narratives of the armed forces needs to be acknowledged as early citizen journalism. Comic art by servicemen - mainly from the lower ranks - has contributed to the evolution of democratic self-expression in popular culture, and manifests aspects of collective First World War experience that can be construed as a form of journalistic observation. Soldiers' universal concerns about daily life, complaints and feelings about officers, medical services, discomforts, food and drink, leave, military routines, and their expectations versus emerging reality are emphasised. In this paper, we argue that perceptions of Australian identity can also be discerned in the detailed interaction between drawings, dialogue, and/or text that is unique to this early comic-strip form

The role and therapeutic targeting of α-, β- and γ-secretase in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and its prevalence is set to increase rapidly in coming decades. However, there are as yet no available drugs that can halt or even stabilize disease progression. One of the main pathological features of AD is the presence in the brain of senile plaques mainly composed of aggregated β amyloid (Aβ), a derivative of the longer amyloid precursor protein (APP). The amyloid hypothesis proposes that the accumulation of Aβ within neural tissue is the initial event that triggers the disease. Here we review research efforts that have attempted to inhibit the generation of the Aβ peptide through modulation of the activity of the proteolytic secretases that act on APP and discuss whether this is a viable therapeutic strategy for treating AD.<p></p> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly but as yet there are no drugs that can halt the progression of this disease. In a theory called the ‘amyloid hypothesis’, researchers have proposed that the accumulation of a small protein fragment called beta amyloid or Aβ within brain tissue is the event which triggers Alzheimer's disease. Aβ is a derivative of the longer amyloid precursor protein (APP). Here we review research efforts that have attempted to inhibit the generation of Aβ through modulation of proteins called secretases which cut APP into Aβ. Author edits made on: 20 May 2015

Receipt of payment by Ogden Goelet to Ellin, Kitson & Co, contractor for Richard M. Hunt

https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/ochre-court/1006/thumbnail.jp

Comics, the Holocaust and Hiroshima

Comics, the Holocaust and Hiroshima breaks new ground by arguing that comics have a dual role as sources of cataclysm between 1939 and 1945. First for historians to gauge awareness of the Holocaust and second through close analysis, of Paroles d'Etoiles in Vichy France and Barefoot Gen in Hiroshima, as testimonies of childhood emotions, experiences and memories. Calling for an extension of the range of source material relating to persecution, genocide and the atomic bomb from 1939 to 1945, comics are posited as an agent to build on the scholarship of new cultural history, historiography, memory and trauma studies. These fields connect through the shared ground of cultural record, which can be either deliberate/explicit or incidental reference. The comics form is a flexible one with potential to explore the space between reality and representation, with visuals working as iconic translations while narrative structure relies on readers' mental contribution

Pengaruh Campuran Feses Sapi Potong Dan Feses Kuda Pada Proses Pengomposan Terhadap Kualitas Kompos

This study aims to determine compost quality (content of N, P2O5, K2O) generated from various mixtures of beef cattle feces and the feces of horses. The method used in this study is the experimental method in the laboratory using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, ie P1 = C / N ratio of 25, P2 = C / N ratio of 30 and P3 = C / N ratio of 35 and replications 6 times. To determine the effect of treatments, data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed that the mixture of feces of beef cattle and horse feces with various C / N ratio did not significantly affect the quality of compost. N content in compost produced = 0.7867 to 0.8000%, P2O5 content = 0.5883 to 0.6000%, K2O = 0.5733 to 0.5883

Turn off the Tap: Behavioural messages increase water efficiency during toothbrushing

Reducing consumer demand is part of a multidimensional strategy to increase water resilience. Theory-based ‘nudges’ or behaviour-change strategies may be effective at reducing demand at little cost. This paper reports a unique partnership between GlaxoSmithKline, water utility Anglian Water, and researchers at the University of East Anglia. Two experimental studies drawing on the strengths of these organizations investigated a behaviour change intervention designed to reduce water usage when toothbrushing. Study 1 tested the efficacy of three theory-based behavioural messages (social norms, ingroup norms, and collective efficacy) designed to encourage participants (N = 164) to turn off the tap whilst brushing teeth. In an actual toothbrushing scenario, all three messages proved to be effective compared to a no-treatment control condition. In study 2, homes in Newmarket, Suffolk (N = 382) were given toothbrushing packs containing a collective efficacy message that highlighted turning off the tap while toothbrushing. Smart-meter recorded water usage was obtained for three weeks before and three weeks after receiving the toothbrushing packs. Household water usage significantly decreased after receiving the packs. A control group of N = 382 households did not show a significant decrease in water usage during this timeframe. These studies suggest that behavioural messages from public or private companies can be effective in reducing real-world water usage while toothbrushing. This model of collaboration between industry, water utilities, and academics can serve as a model of best practice for public and private companies interested in reducing household water usage

Regenerative Urbanism: Enriching Places for People and the Planet

Regenerative urbanism enriches places for people and the planet by building upon existing strengths through meaningful community engagement. This article describes the process for achieving regenerative urbanism. This process may be applied to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, and complements the methods described in Goal 17 – building global partnerships that mobilize and direct resources – for effectively realizing all the other goals