Review of \u3cem\u3eChildren and Youth in Adoption, Orphanages and Foster Care: A Historical Handbook and Guide.\u3c/em\u3e Lori Askeland (Ed.). Reviewed by Albert J. Ellett.

Book review of Lori Askeland (Ed.). Children and Youth in Adoption, Orphanages and Foster Care: A Historical Handbook and Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006. $59.95 hardcover

Construction of the New Pressure-Insulated Electrostatic Generator at the State University of Iowa (Abstract)

The electrostatic generator will be housed in a new underground laboratory connected to the physics building by a tunnel. Since last fall work has been proceeding on the construction of the generator inside of the 2½\u27 by 50\u27 steel tank. This pressure vessel will allow operation of the generator at pressures up to 8 atmospheres absolute. An intermediate electrode has been introduced. Two cotton fabric woven-endless belts with a linear speed of about 5,000\u27 per minute will charge the high potential electrode. The 22\u27 accelerating tube is being constructed of short porcelain sections with steel spinnings serving as accelerating electrodes

A First-Hand Account of Title IV-E Child Welfare Initiatives in Social Work Education and Practice

This article describes the personal experiences and insights of a child welfare practitioner and professor derived from 20 years of involvement in IV-E agency/university partnerships. The author describes perspectives from her work in IV-E programs in multiple contexts (federal, state, and local). Included are descriptions of important historical events and changes in IV-E programs that have served to facilitate or impede successful child welfare practices and the education of IV-E students. Emphasis is given to the importance of: (a) communicating the complexity of work in child welfare particularly by IV-E students; (b) the challenge of sustaining effective IV-E partnership programs; (c) designing and implementing sound IV-E program evaluation procedures; and (c) understanding the political and policy-driven contexts framing current CW practices

The Resonance in the B-P-a Reaction

The yield of alpha particles of range greater than 2 cms. from boron bombarded by protons has been studied as a function of bombarding energy in the range from 100 to 200 ekv, using a thin target, either methyl borate or boron trifluoride at pressures of 1 mm. of Hg. The yield vs. energy curve shows an approximately exponential rise on which is superposed a sharp (half breadth ~ 6 ekv) intense line at 150 ± ekv. There is some indication of a weaker and much broader line at 190 ekv. Number range curves are not yet available, but the appearance of pulses on the oscillograph screen leads us to suppose that the high yield (line) at 150 ekv is due to emission of a homogeneous long-range group

Angular Distribution of the Protons from the Deuteron - Deuteron Reaction

A collimated beam of deuterons, of accurately controlled energy, has been directed into a chamber filled with deuterium gas at a pressure of 0.5 mm. of Mercury. High Energy protons are produced in the well-known nuclear reaction: H2+H2→H1+H3. The number of such protons ejected per unit solid angle from disintegrations occurring in a selected volume has been measured as a function of angle with the incident beam. For a bombarding energy of 325 kilovolts we find the angular distribution to be represented by 1 + 1.35 cos2 ϑ, where ϑ is the angle with the beam as assigned by an observer at rest with respect to the center of mass of the colliding deuterons. The theoretical significance of the result will be discussed. Data for 250 and 400 kilovolts should also be available for presentation at the meeting

High Voltage Apparatus for Nuclear Physics

The design and performance of a transformer-rectifier voltage quadrupling installation for potentials up to 600 KV will be described

Myeloid Growth Factors Promote Resistance to Mycobacterial Infection by Curtailing Granuloma Necrosis through Macrophage Replenishment.

The mycobacterial ESX-1 virulence locus accelerates macrophage recruitment to the forming tuberculous granuloma. Newly recruited macrophages phagocytose previously infected apoptotic macrophages to become new bacterial growth niches. Granuloma macrophages can then necrose, releasing mycobacteria into the extracellular milieu, which potentiates their growth even further. Using zebrafish with genetic or pharmacologically induced macrophage deficiencies, we find that global macrophage deficits increase susceptibility to mycobacterial infection by accelerating granuloma necrosis. This is because reduction in the macrophage supply below a critical threshold decreases granuloma macrophage replenishment to the point where apoptotic infected macrophages, failing to get engulfed, necrose. Reducing macrophage demand by removing bacterial ESX-1 offsets the susceptibility of macrophage deficits. Conversely, increasing macrophage supply in wild-type fish by overexpressing myeloid growth factors induces resistance by curtailing necrosis. These findings may explain the susceptibility of humans with mononuclear cytopenias to mycobacterial infections and highlight the therapeutic potential of myeloid growth factors in tuberculosis.This work was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (T32-AI055396, A.J.P.; A154503 and A136396, L.R.) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (637394, 1044754, and 1069284, G.J.L.), a post-doctoral fellowship from the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC97-2917-I-564-109, C-T.Y.), and an Australian Postgraduate Award and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Edith Moffatt Scholarship (F.E.). The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute is supported by funds from the State Government of Victoria and the Australian Federal Government. L.R. is a recipient of the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.06.00

On the origin and pathway of the saline inflow to the Nordic Seas: insights from models

The behaviours of three high-resolution ocean circulation models of the North Atlantic, differing chiefly in their description of the vertical coordinate, are investigated in order to elucidate the routes and mechanisms by which saline water masses of southern origin provide inflows to the Nordic Seas. An existing hypothesis is that Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) is carried polewards in an eastern boundary undercurrent, and provides a deep source for these inflows. This study, however, provides an alternative view that the inflows are derived from shallow sources, and are comprised of water masses of western origin, carried by branches of the North Atlantic Current (NAC), and also more saline Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW), transported northwards from the Bay of Biscay region via a ‘Shelf Edge Current’ (SEC) flowing around the continental margins. In two of the models, the MOW flows northwards, but reaches only as far as the Porcupine Bank (53°N). In third model, the MOW also invades the Rockall Trough (extending to 60°N). However, none of the models allows the MOW to flow northwards into the Nordic Seas. Instead, they all support the hypothesis of there being shallow pathways, and that the saline inflows to the Nordic Seas result from NAC-derived and ENAW water masses, which meet and partially mix in the Rockall Trough. Volume and salinity transports into the southern Rockall Trough via the SEC are, in the various models, between 25 and 100% of those imported by the NAC, and are also a similarly significant proportion (20–75%) of the transports into the Nordic Seas. Moreover, the highest salinities are carried northwards by the SEC (these being between 0.13 and 0.19 psu more saline at the southern entrance to the Trough than those in the NAC-derived waters). This reveals for the first time the importance of the SEC in carrying saline water masses through the RockallTrough and into the Nordic Seas. Furthermore, the high salinities found on density surfaces appropriate to the MOW in the Nordic Seas are shown to result from the wintertime mixing of the saline near-surface waters advected northwards by the SEC/NAC system. Throughout, we have attempted to demonstrate the extent to which the models agree or disagree with interpretations derived from observations, so that the study also contributes to an ongoing community effort to assess the realism of our current generation of ocean models

Distribution in Angle of Alpha Particles from Li7 + H1

We find the distribution of alpha particles from Li7 + H1 is not spherically symmetric, a result in disagreement with the conclusions of earlier investigators,1 who, however, worked at rather low energies only. Thick target data at energies as low as 150 ekv show the presence of a small cos2Θ term and may be represented by I(Θ) = 1 + .16 Cos2Θ while at 440 ekv the asymmetry is very marked, the data being well represented by I(Θ) = 1 + .7 Cos2 Θ. Because of the rapid increase of yield with energy, it is to be expected that thin target data will show a slightly but only slightly greater cos2 0 term. Preliminary thin target data appear to bear this out