Deliverable 1.1 review document on the management of marine areas with particular regard on concepts, objectives, frameworks and tools to implement, monitor, and evaluate spatially managed areas

The main objectives if this document were to review the existing information on spatial management of marine areas, identifying the relevant policy objectives, to identify parameters linked to the success or failure of the various Spatially Managed marine Areas (SMAs) regimes, to report on methods and tools used in monitoring and evaluation of the state of SMAs, and to identify gaps and weaknesses in the existing frameworks in relation to the implementation, monitoring, evaluation and management of SMAs. The document is naturally divided in two sections: Section 1 reviews the concepts, objectives, drivers, policy and management framework, and extraneous factors related to the design, implementation and evaluation of SMAs; Section 2 reviews the tools and methods to monitor and evaluate seabed habitats and marine populations.peer-reviewe

Governance analysis of MPAs in the Belgian part of the North Sea

The Belgian MPA designation process started in 1999, a journey that was characterized by several conflicts related to the multi-level government system in Belgium and obstacles, e.g. the de-designation of the Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 'Vlakte van de Raan' in 2008. On the other hand a number of successful events could be noted as well, e.g. the designation of three Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in 2005 in front of the three marine harbors, and the extension of the SAC 'Trapegeer-Stroombank' (designated in 2005) to an area >30% of the BPNS surface in 2012 (now renamed to SAC 'Vlaamse Banken'). The most important aspects that contributed to the successful designation of these MPAs in the BPNS were (1) the appointment of a minister of the North Sea in 2003 (and 2011), who was dedicated and specifically mandated to coordinate all federal North Sea matters (thus excluding fisheries); (2) the growing awareness of the need for nature conservation through different EU Directives (e.g. Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)); and (3) the level of stakeholder and public involvement, especially focusing on transparency throughout the process

Integration at the Round Table: Marine Spatial Planning in Multi-Stakeholder Settings

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is often considered as a pragmatic approach to implement an ecosystem based management in order to manage marine space in a sustainable way. This requires the involvement of multiple actors and stakeholders at various governmental and societal levels. Several factors affect how well the integrated management of marine waters will be achieved, such as different governance settings (division of power between central and local governments), economic activities (and related priorities), external drivers, spatial scales, incentives and objectives, varying approaches to legislation and political will. We compared MSP in Belgium, Norway and the US to illustrate how the integration of stakeholders and governmental levels differs among these countries along the factors mentioned above. Horizontal integration (between sectors) is successful in all three countries, achieved through the use of neutral ‘round-table’ meeting places for all actors. Vertical integration between government levels varies, with Belgium and Norway having achieved full integration while the US lacks integration of the legislature due to sharp disagreements among stakeholders and unsuccessful partisan leadership. Success factors include political will and leadership, process transparency and stakeholder participation, and should be considered in all MSP development processes

Angiosarcoma after endovascular aneurysm repair : case report and literature review

Introduction Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis. We report two cases of patients who presented with a history of lower back pain, inflammatory signs and weight loss 5 and 6 years after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of an elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Imaging suggested graft infection but tissue samples revealed an epithelioid angiosarcoma. The objective is to report the clinical presentation, investigative modalities and immunohistochemical findings of an angiosarcoma after EVAR. Patients and methods Two cases are described of an angiosarcoma of the aorta after EVAR. A literature search using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was performed in English about angiosarcoma after EVAR published between 2007 and 2021. Relevant reports were selected and analysed. Results Fifteen case reports were identified, including the current two cases. Time to tumour detection after EVAR ranged from 6 to 120 months with a mean interval of 68 months. Most patients underwent endovascular repair of an AAA (13/15). Males (13 male/2 female patients) were predominant with a median age of 72 years (IQR 68-78 years). Over half of the patients had metastases at the time of diagnosis (9/15), most frequently in bones and liver. Conclusion Diagnosis of angiosarcoma after EVAR remains challenging due to indistinctive clinical and radiological findings mimicking graft infection or endoleak. Angiosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients previously treated with EVAR presenting with unintended weight loss, abdominal back pain and contrast enhancement of the aortic wall

Institutional, government, and stakeholder integration in Norway.

<p>Institutional bodies, stakeholder participation and integration, related the development and implementation of the Integrated Management plan for the Lofoten – Barents sea area.</p

Marine spatial planning (MSP) study areas around the North Atlantic.

<p>United States (blue), Norway (red) and Belgium (Green, detail in inset). The US ocean policy area is divided into 9 planning areas (named in figure) that span the EEZ, but the borders between each of these areas have not been officially defined.</p

Governance structure and integration in the US Ocean Policy development.

<p>A) At a national level leading the Ocean Policy development. B) Regional implementation in regional planning bodies (RPB), exemplified by the Northeast RPB.</p

Horizontal, vertical and stakeholder integration in the MSP processes in Belgium, Norway and the US.

<p>Horizontal, vertical and stakeholder integration in the MSP processes in Belgium, Norway and the US.</p

SEAwise Report on fisher behaviour submodels

The SEAwise project works to deliver a fully operational tool that will allow fishers, managers, and policy makers to easily apply Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) in their own fisheries. One of the key uncertainties in fisheries science and management can be linked to (our understanding of) fishers behaviour. In this report we describe the project efforts to better understand fishers behaviour by assessing literature, interviews and data to advance towards a better representation of fisher behaviour in our modelling. A better understanding of fisher behaviour is especially needed in the context of change affecting Europe’s marine ecosystems. Change is both related to the natural part of the ecosystem (i.e. climate change) as to the social side of the ecosystem (i.e. building of windparks).  To that aim we present nine different case studies in Europe as examples of how fisher behaviour has been studied and which factors are (or can be) relevant for a better understanding of fisher behaviour. Each case study ends with a table summarising the factors influencing behaviour, the categories within that factor and the (potential) application in modelling as well as the implications for management. The table below summarises the factors found / used in the case studies and the elements (social, cultural, ecological, economic and institutional) to which the relate. A variety of social factors were identified that are promising for use in modelling. A key conclusion is that social data are often context dependant and cannot be copy pasted from one situation to the other and in some case, additional data needs to be collected. The cases also demonstrate that mixed methods approaches and interdisciplinary approaches are key to get in-depth of understanding of fisher behaviour in fisheries science. Read more about the project at https://seawiseproject.org/ </p