EMPIRICAL NEXUS BETWEEN WORKING AND FINANCIAL WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS ANALOGY TO CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Production-oriented firms need operational as well as financial working capital to sustain the business in a competitive environment. However, firms in underdeveloped countries face many issues in meeting the capital and revenue nature expenditure. Due to this issue these firms arrange capital from other sources like seed money. The financial working capital is linked with working capital components. Working capital is performing as an intermediary role between financial working capital and the capital structure of the firms. This study is proved that working capital is playing an intermediary role between financial working capital and capital structure of textile sector firms through empirical findings and as well as used GLS, Random Effect, Fixed Effect and GMM Techniques. Keywords: Financial Working Capital;  Working Capital; Capital Structure; WACC; GMM; GLS; Random Effect; Fixed Effect; Textile Sector Firms; Pakistan Stock Exchangehttps://doi.org/10.56249/ijbr.03.01.2

Experimental study on lightning discharge attachment to the modern wind turbine blade with lightning protection system

Lightning strike is one of the most severe threats to the wind turbine blades and causes huge damage. Mostly wind turbines are struck by lightning when the blades are rotating. The effect of blade rotation on a lightning discharge attachment is unclear. Therefore, a rod electrode was used in a wind turbine lightning discharge test to investigate the difference in lightning triggering ability when blades are rotating and stationary. A standard switching waveform of 250/2500μs was applied to the rod electrode. Lightning discharge tests of a 1:30 scale wind turbine model with 3m air gaps were performed and the discharge process was observed. Three side receptors were used for Lightning protection system (LPS) of wind turbine blade (WTB). Distance between each receptor was 40cm and 1 st receptor had 5cm distance from tip of the WTB. Standard switching impulses (negative and positive) were applied to the WTB with different orientations and rotating speed. The experimental results demonstrated that when negative switching impulses were applied to the wind turbine blade, all the lightning discharges hit on the 1 st receptor; however, in the case of positive switching impulse, some discharges also hit on the other receptors, blade surface and nacelle of WTB. The attachment points remain same when the blade is stationary or rotating. The analysis revealed that polarity of switching impulse has significant influence on attachment point, and the rotation has little influence during the attachment process. The results can contribute to optimize the design of LPS of wind turbine blade

Mesure et comparaison du déploiement de l’attention visuelle : application à l’évaluation de la qualité d’expérience dans un contexte de contenus hyper-réalistiques

Les nouveaux contenus hyperréalistiques nécessitent le développement de nouveaux protocoles et modèles pour quantifier l’expérience utilisateur. L’étude du déploiement de l’attention visuelle est considérée comme un moyen intéressant pour comprendre et améliorer la qualité d’expérience (QoE). Dans ce contexte, des méthodes basées saillance, ne considérant que l’information spatiale, ont principalement été utilisées. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons donc d’étudier le déploiement de l’attention visuelle, en considérant la dimension dynamique des comportements oculaires, et ses applications possibles en QoE. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons un nouveau cadre méthodologique basé sur des modèles de Markov cachés permettant la classification et la mesure de similarité des chemins oculaires pour différentes dimensions de la QoE (mémorabilité, fidélité visuelle). Au-delà de la comparaison des comportements attentionnels, cette thèse s’intéresse également à la mesure expérimentale du déploiement de l’attention visuelle, en particulier dans un contexte d’études en crowdsourcing sans oculomètre. Nous avons ainsi adapté et testé la métaphore "Bubble- View" pour l’évaluation de l’influence des opérateurs de mappage de tons sur le déploiement de l’attention visuelle. Finalement, les outils présentés dans cette thèse pour la mesure, la modélisation et la comparison du déploiement de l’attention visuelle ont été appliqués à la prédiction de la préférence d’images mappées à partir d’une métrique basée sur un algorithme d’apprentissage automatique.The emerging hyper-realistic contents require the development of new experimental protocols and models for quantifying and predicting the user experience. Visual attention deployment is considered as a good proxy to understand and enhance the quality of experience (QoE). In this context, mostly saliencybased methods have been used considering only spatial information. Therefore, this thesis proposes to study visual attention deployment considering the dynamic dimension of gaze behaviors and its application for QoE. First, we develop a new framework based on Hidden Markov model for the classification and the similarity evaluation of scanpaths and assess it for different QoE dimensions (memorability, visual fidelity). Beyond the comparison of visual behaviors, we also address the measurements of visual attention deployment in in-lab and crowdsourcing experiments, testing the possibility to avoid eye-tracking devices. We adapt and test the "BubbleView" metaphor to assess the impact of tone-mapping operators on visual attention deployment. Finally, based on the different tools for measuring, modeling, and comparing visual attention deployment, we develop a new machine learning metric to predict the preference between tone-mapped images

A control channel based MAC protocol for time critical and emergency communications in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

For time critical applications in industrial environments, failure in communication or unwanted delay can have devastating effects. It is therefore, important that Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) offer reliable communication platform for time critical applications without violating the hard deadlines. In this paper, a MAC protocol for time critical and emergency communications is proposed. The proposed protocol, EE-MAC incorporates emergency communication and allows immediate channel access for such data. The paper presents mathematical model of the proposed protocol. For evaluation purposes, the performance of EE-MAC is compared to IEEE 802.15.4e LLDN. The results show that the proposed protocol offers up to 92% reduction in channel access delay of emergency communication at the cost of 5% to 15% increase in delay of non-critical and less time-sensitive data