TB100: The Aquatic Insects of the Narraguagus River, Hancock and Washington Counties, Maine

This technical bulletin presents an inventory of the aquatic insects of the Narraguagus River in Hancock and Washington counties, Maine. The list is arranged phylogenetically by order and alphabetically within each orderhttps://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1084/thumbnail.jp

TB92: The Aquatic Insects of the St. John River Drainage of Aroostook County, Maine

In September, 1977, an aquatic insect survey of the St. John River drainage was conducted. The objectives were to provide information on the existing fauna in the area of the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes hydro-electric project and to form the basis for predicting changes in the fauna should implementation of the proposed project take place. The results of that survey form the basis for this bulletin. The only additional information on the fauna of this river comes from a survey of organisms in the gut content of brook trout taken from the St. John River drainage between the Little Black River and Fort Kent during 1975-1976.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1099/thumbnail.jp

TB123: Experimental Application of B.t.i. for Larval Black Fly Control: Persistance and Downstream Carry, Efficacy, Impact on Non-target Invertebrates and Fish Feeding

In the summer of 1985 a field experiment was conducted in the Sugarloaf area of Maine on the use of B.t.i. to reduce the numbers of black fly larvae in the Carrabassett River and a tributary stream. The objectives were to determine the rate of application necessary to produce an acceptable reduction in black fly larvae, to study the fate and persistence of B.t.i. in a stream following application, to determine the impact of B.t.i. on the abundance and drift of non-target stream insects and on the feeding success and diet composition of fishes in the treated streams.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_techbulletin/1083/thumbnail.jp

Comparing Energy Expenditure During Land and Shallow Water Walking in Overweight and Obese Females

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States has reached epidemic levels. Reduction in body weight is of great importance for overweight and obese individuals through the increase in physical activity. One particular mode of physical activity that is currently growing in popularity is shallow water walking, although little research has been done examining the energy cost of this activity in an overweight and obese population. Purpose: To compare the energy expenditure (kcal/min) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of a bout shallow water walking at a self-selected pace to a bout of land walking at a matched heart rate response and to a bout of land walking at a self-selected pace in overweight and obese women. Methods: Nineteen participants completed three 10-minute experimental trials including a self-selected pace shallow water walking trial, a matched heart rate response land walking trial, and a self-selected pace land walking trial. Results: Significantly lower energy expenditure (p= 0.046) was observed for shallow water walking (6.46 ± 1.38 kcal/min) compared to the matched heart rate response land walking bout (7.26 ± 1.29 kcal/min), although no significant differences were detected for energy expenditure for shallow water walking and self-selected pace land walking (6.92 ± 1.61 kcal/min). No significant differences were detected for RPE across conditions (p=0.439). Exploratory analyses revealed correlations between measures of body composition (BMI and percent body fat) and the difference in energy expenditure between shallow water walking and matched heart rate response land walking. Conclusions: Findings from the current study suggest that although producing energy expenditure compared to heart rate matched land walking, shallow water walking is a viable alternative that can elicit and increase in energy expenditure performed at a moderate intensity, meeting ACSM criteria. Results of the exploratory analyses revealed an association between measures of body composition and differences in energy expenditure. Although only a limited number of participants of the present study had BMI’s above 35.0 kg/m2 (n=2), findings suggest that water exercise may be an alternative form of exercise and produce higher caloric expenditure at higher ranges of BMI and percent body fat

Energy Cost of Land and Shallow Water Walking in Females who are Overweight and Obese

Nineteen overweight or obese females completed three 10-minute experimental trials including a self-selected pace shallow water walking trial, a matched heart rate response land walking trial, and a self-selected pace land walking trial. Energy expenditure (kcal·min-1) was computed from expired gases assessed via indirect calorimetry. Results showed energy expenditure was lower (p= 0.046) during shallow water walking (6.46 ± 1.38 kcal·min-1) compared to matched heart rate response land walking trial (7.26 ± 1.29 kcal·min-1), with no significant difference in between shallow water and self-selected pace land walking (6.92 ± 1.61 kcal·min-1 ). The present study did not demonstrate superior energy cost of shallow water walking. However, results demonstrate that shallow water walking elicits an increase in energy expenditure, which may indicate that this form of activity is a reasonable alternative to land-based walking. Moreover, this form of activity may be particularly effective for individuals with mobility limitations during land-based exercise

Energy Cost of Land and Shallow Water Walking in Females who are Overweight and Obese

Nineteen overweight or obese females completed three 10-minute experimental trials including a self-selected pace shallow water walking trial, a matched heart rate response land walking trial, and a self-selected pace land walking trial. Energy expenditure (kcal·min-1)was computed from expired gases assessed via indirect calorimetry. Results showed energy expenditure was lower (p= 0.046) during shallow water walking (6.46 ± 1.38 kcal·min-1) compared to matched heart rate response land walking trial (7.26 ± 1.29 kcal·min-1), with no significant difference in between shallow water and self-selected pace land walking (6.92 ± 1.61 kcal·min-1). The present study did not demonstrate superior energy cost of shallow water walking. However, results demonstrate that shallow water walking elicits an increase in energy expenditure, which may indicate that this form of activity is a reasonable alternative to land-based walking. Moreover, this form of activity may be particularly effective for individuals with mobility limitations during land-based exercise

The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools framework: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Healthy children achieve better educational outcomes which, in turn, are associated with improved health later in life. The World Health Organization's Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework is a holistic approach to promoting health and educational attainment in school. The effectiveness of this approach has not yet been rigorously reviewed. METHODS: We searched 20 health, education and social science databases, and trials registries and relevant websites in 2011 and 2013. We included cluster randomised controlled trials. Participants were children and young people aged four to 18 years attending schools/colleges. HPS interventions had to include the following three elements: input into the curriculum; changes to the school's ethos or environment; and engagement with families and/or local communities. Two reviewers identified relevant trials, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We grouped studies according to the health topic(s) targeted. Where data permitted, we performed random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: We identified 67 eligible trials tackling a range of health issues. Few studies included any academic/attendance outcomes. We found positive average intervention effects for: body mass index (BMI), physical activity, physical fitness, fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco use, and being bullied. Intervention effects were generally small. On average across studies, we found little evidence of effectiveness for zBMI (BMI, standardized for age and gender), and no evidence for fat intake, alcohol use, drug use, mental health, violence and bullying others. It was not possible to meta-analyse data on other health outcomes due to lack of data. Methodological limitations were identified including reliance on self-reported data, lack of long-term follow-up, and high attrition rates. CONCLUSION: This Cochrane review has found the WHO HPS framework is effective at improving some aspects of student health. The effects are small but potentially important at a population level

Planning for Sustainability in Small Municipalities: The Influence of Interest Groups, Growth Patterns, and Institutional Characteristics

How and why small municipalities promote sustainability through planning efforts is poorly understood. We analyzed ordinances in 451 Maine municipalities and tested theories of policy adoption using regression analysis.We found that smaller communities do adopt programs that contribute to sustainability relevant to their scale and context. In line with the political market theory, we found that municipalities with strong environmental interests, higher growth, and more formal governments were more likely to adopt these policies. Consideration of context and capacity in planning for sustainability will help planners better identify and benefit from collaboration, training, and outreach opportunities

The Chandra Source Catalog

The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) is a general purpose virtual X-ray astrophysics facility that provides access to a carefully selected set of generally useful quantities for individual X-ray sources, and is designed to satisfy the needs of a broad-based group of scientists, including those who may be less familiar with astronomical data analysis in the X-ray regime. The first release of the CSC includes information about 94,676 distinct X-ray sources detected in a subset of public ACIS imaging observations from roughly the first eight years of the Chandra mission. This release of the catalog includes point and compact sources with observed spatial extents <~ 30''. The catalog (1) provides access to the best estimates of the X-ray source properties for detected sources, with good scientific fidelity, and directly supports scientific analysis using the individual source data; (2) facilitates analysis of a wide range of statistical properties for classes of X-ray sources; and (3) provides efficient access to calibrated observational data and ancillary data products for individual X-ray sources, so that users can perform detailed further analysis using existing tools. The catalog includes real X-ray sources detected with flux estimates that are at least 3 times their estimated 1 sigma uncertainties in at least one energy band, while maintaining the number of spurious sources at a level of <~ 1 false source per field for a 100 ks observation. For each detected source, the CSC provides commonly tabulated quantities, including source position, extent, multi-band fluxes, hardness ratios, and variability statistics, derived from the observations in which the source is detected. In addition to these traditional catalog elements, for each X-ray source the CSC includes an extensive set of file-based data products that can be manipulated interactively.Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 53 pages, 27 figure

Scaling up community-based obesity prevention in Australia: Background and evaluation design of the Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well initiative

Background : There is only limited evidence available on how best to prevent childhood obesity and community-based interventions hold promise, as several successful interventions have now been published. The Victorian Government has recently funded six disadvantaged communities across Victoria, Australia for three years to promote healthy eating and physical activity for children, families, and adults in a community-based participatory manner. Five of these intervention communities are situated in Primary Care Partnerships and are the subject of this paper. The interventions will comprise a mixture of capacity-building, environmental, and whole-of-community approaches with targeted and population-level interventions. The specific intervention activities will be determined locally within each community through stakeholder and community consultation. Implementation of the interventions will occur through funded positions in primary care and local government. This paper describes the design of the evaluation of the five primary care partnership-based initiatives in the \u27Go for your life\u27 Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well (HPC:BAEW) initiative.Methods/Design : A mixed method and multi-level evaluation of the HPC:BAEW initiative will capture process, impact and outcome data and involve both local and state-wide evaluators. There will be a combined analysis across the five community intervention projects with outcomes compared to a comparison group using a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design. The evaluation will capture process, weight status, socio-demographic, obesity-related behavioral and environmental data in intervention and comparison areas. This will be achieved using document analysis, paper-based questionnaires, interviews and direct measures of weight, height and waist circumference from participants (children, adolescents and adults).Discussion : This study will add significant evidence on how to prevent obesity at a population level in disadvantaged and ethnically diverse communities. The outcomes will have direct influence on policy and practice and guide the development and implementation of future obesity prevention efforts in Australia and internationally.<br /