Identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Pten loss in mouse prostatic epithelium and characterization of the role of Vitamin D in prostatic carcinogenesis

Le cancer de la prostate est la deuxième cause de décès masculins par cancer dans les pays industrialisés. PTEN est le gène suppresseur de tumeur le plus souvent muté ou délété dans les cancers de la prostate. Notre étude montre que la perte de Pten induit la prolifération des PEC menant à la formation de PIN. L’hyperprolifération des PEC engendre une réponse de dommages à l’ADN suivie de l’entrée en sénescence des PEC. Des études épidémiologiques ont montré que de faibles taux de Vitamine D sont associés à des cancers agressifs. Nos résultats montrent que Vdr et le Gemini-72, un analogue hypocalcémique de la Vitamine D, a des activités anti-inflammatoires et anti-prolifératives pendant la formation des PIN. De plus, le Gemini-72 induit l’apoptose des PEC sénescentes, module la réponse immunitaire et ainsi réduit le nombre de PIN de haut grade et la réaction stromale. Ainsi, notre étude démontre l’importance de l’axe Vitamine D/VDR dans la carcinogenèse prostatique.Prostate cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males of western societies. Mutations or deletion of the PTEN locus are common in prostate cancer, and are associated with metastasis and resistance to therapeutic castration. Our results show that Pten-loss induces the proliferation of PEC leading to the formation of PIN. The hyperproliferation of PEC induces DDR followed by senescence entry of PEC. Epidemiological studies highlighted that low Vitamin D levels correlate with aggressive prostate cancer. We show that Vdr and Gemini-72, an hypocalcemic Vitamin D analog, have anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities during PIN formation. Moreover, the Gemini-72 induces apoptosis in senescent cells, modulates the immune response and consequently decreases the number of High Grade PIN and reduces the stromal reaction. Thus, our study demonstrate the major role of Vitamin D signaling in prostate carcinogenesis

Identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Pten loss in mouse prostatic epithelium and characterization of the role of Vitamin D in prostatic carcinogenesis

Le cancer de la prostate est la deuxième cause de décès masculins par cancer dans les pays industrialisés. PTEN est le gène suppresseur de tumeur le plus souvent muté ou délété dans les cancers de la prostate. Notre étude montre que la perte de Pten induit la prolifération des PEC menant à la formation de PIN. L’hyperprolifération des PEC engendre une réponse de dommages à l’ADN suivie de l’entrée en sénescence des PEC. Des études épidémiologiques ont montré que de faibles taux de Vitamine D sont associés à des cancers agressifs. Nos résultats montrent que Vdr et le Gemini-72, un analogue hypocalcémique de la Vitamine D, a des activités anti-inflammatoires et anti-prolifératives pendant la formation des PIN. De plus, le Gemini-72 induit l’apoptose des PEC sénescentes, module la réponse immunitaire et ainsi réduit le nombre de PIN de haut grade et la réaction stromale. Ainsi, notre étude démontre l’importance de l’axe Vitamine D/VDR dans la carcinogenèse prostatique.Prostate cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males of western societies. Mutations or deletion of the PTEN locus are common in prostate cancer, and are associated with metastasis and resistance to therapeutic castration. Our results show that Pten-loss induces the proliferation of PEC leading to the formation of PIN. The hyperproliferation of PEC induces DDR followed by senescence entry of PEC. Epidemiological studies highlighted that low Vitamin D levels correlate with aggressive prostate cancer. We show that Vdr and Gemini-72, an hypocalcemic Vitamin D analog, have anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities during PIN formation. Moreover, the Gemini-72 induces apoptosis in senescent cells, modulates the immune response and consequently decreases the number of High Grade PIN and reduces the stromal reaction. Thus, our study demonstrate the major role of Vitamin D signaling in prostate carcinogenesis

Senescence controls prostatic neoplasia driven by Pten loss.

International audienceWe report that Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue) ablation in prostatic epithelial cells of adult mice promotes cell proliferation to generate prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Moreover, our results demonstrate that proliferating Pten-deficient cells undergo replication stress and exhibit a DNA damage response, leading to cell senescence, as seen in oncogene-induced senescence

PTEN deletion in luminal cells of mature prostate induces replication stress and senescence in vivo

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Hypoxia-mediated stabilization of HIF1A in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia promotes cell plasticity and malignant progression

International audienceProstate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The slow evolution of precancerous lesions to malignant tumors provides a broad time frame for preventing PCa. To characterize prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) progression, we conducted longitudinal studies on Pten (i)pe−/− mice that recapitulate prostate carcinogenesis in humans. We found that early PINs are hypoxic and that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) signaling is activated in luminal cells, thus enhancing malignant progression. Luminal HIF1A dampens immune surveillance and drives luminal plasticity, leading to the emergence of cells that overexpress Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and have impaired androgen signaling. Elevated TGM2 levels in patients with PCa are associated with shortened progression-free survival after prostatectomy. Last, we show that pharmacologically inhibiting HIF1A impairs cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in PINs. Therefore, our study demonstrates that HIF1A is a target for PCa prevention and that TGM2 is a promising prognostic biomarker of early relapse after prostatectomy

Single-cell analyses unravel cell type–specific responses to a vitamin D analog in prostatic precancerous lesions

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IFN-β-induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage contribute to muscle impairment and inflammation maintenance in dermatomyositis

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Role of plant–fungal nutrient trading and host control in determining the competitive success of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Multiple ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) compete to colonise the roots of a host plant, but it is not known whether their success is under plant or fungal control, or a combination of both. We assessed whether plants control EMF colonisation by preferentially allocating more carbon to more beneficial partners in terms of nitrogen supply or if other factors drive competitive success. We combined stable isotope labelling and RNA-sequencing approaches to characterise nutrient exchange between the plant host Eucalyptus grandis and three Pisolithus isolates when growing alone and when competing either indirectly (with a physical barrier) or directly. Overall, we found that nitrogen provision to the plant does not explain the amount of carbon that an isolate receives nor the number of roots that it colonises. Differences in nutrient exchange among isolates were related to differences in expression of key fungal and plant nitrogen and carbon transporter genes. When given a choice of partners, the plant was able to limit colonisation by the least cooperative isolate. This was not explained by a reduction in allocated carbon. Instead, our results suggest that partner choice in EMF could operate through the upregulation of defence-related genes against those fungi providing fewer nutrients