Bifosfonatlar ve çene kemiğinde görülen osteonekroz

Pirofosfatların sentetik analogları olan bifosfonatlar kemik metabolizması ile ilgili birçok hastalığın tadavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Bifosfonatların kullanımının hastaya sağladığı yarar yanında, çenelerde osteonekroz oluşması gibi yan etkileri de vardır. Bifosfonata bağlı gelişen osteonekrozun tedavisinin zorluğu ve hastanın hayatını olumsuz etkilemesi erken tanı ve koruyucu önlemleri önemli yapar. Bu nedenle bisfosfonat osteonekrozuna ait klinik ve radyografik özelliklerin iyi bilinmesi erken tanı ve tedavi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı bifosfonatlar ile ilgili bilgi vermek, bifosfonata bağlı çenelerde görülen osteonekroz tanısında önemli olan noktalara dikkat çekmektir. Ayrıca, hastalar için çok önemli olan osteonekrozdan korunma ve önleyici tedbirlere de değinilecektir

Bir Grup Türk Populasyonunda Görülen Meziodenslerin Sıklığı, Özellikleri Ve Meydan Getirdikleri Komplikasyonlar

Objectives: the purpose of the study was to analyze the frequency, characteristics and associated complications of mesiodens in a group of patients in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The present study included 3782 patients (1590 male, 2192 female), who attended the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University for their dental problems. Panoramic radiographs routinely obtained during dental examinations served as the study basis for detection of the prevalence of mesiodens. In the case of mesiodens detection additional occlusal radiographs were obtained from the patients. In addition to age and gender, descriptive characteristics of meziodens, including number, shape, position, complication caused by mesiodens were recorded. Results: The prevalence of mesiodens in the present study was 2.7% (3.9% male, 1.8% female). The sex ratio was 2.17:1, favoring boys, the ratio was statistically significant (p<0.001).The majority of the mesiodens (50%) were conical in shape. A majority of the mesiodens (62.1%) were vertically aligned. Inverted and horizontally positions were observed in 20.2% and 16.1% of the cases. 17 patients had two, and two patients had more than two mesiodens. Most of the mesiodens (58.1%) were associated with complications and only 41.9% were asymptomatic. Conclusions: The prevalence of mesiodens was found to be high comparable to similar studies in the literature. The majority of the mesiodens were impacted and thus, in case of retention or delayed eruption, dentists should bear in mind that mesiodens may be the cause and early detection and timely surgical intervention should be kept in mind to avoid unwanted complications. Keywords: Supernumerary teeth, prevalence, panoramic radiographs, mesiodens.  ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı bir grup Türk populasyonunda görülen meziodenslerin sıklığı, özellikleri ve meziodens dişlerle ilişkili komplikasyonların araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada çeşitli dental problemleri nedeniyle Erciyes Üniversitesi, Dişhekimliği Fakültesi, Ağız Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi Anabilim Dalına başvuran, 3782 hastanın (1590 erkek, 2192 kadın) rutin dental muayene nedeniyle alınan panoromik radyografları ve klinik verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Radyograflarında meziodens saptanan hastalardan dişlerin lokalizasyonu ve meydana getirdikleri komplikasyonların değerlendirilmesi için okluzal radyografiler alınmıştır. Meziodens saptanan hastaların yaşları ve cinsiyetleri yanı sıra, dişlerin sayısı, şekli, pozisyonları ve meydana getirdikleri komplikasyonlar kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Meziodens görülme sıklığı cinsiyetler arası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (erkek/kadın oranı 2.17:1 olarak bulunmuştur p<0.001). Meziodenslerin çoğunluğunun konik şekilli(%50) ve vertikal pozisyonda olduğu (% 62,1) olduğu saptanmıştır. Dişlerin %20,2 sinin inverted ve % 16,1 sının horizontal pozisyonda olduğu görülmüştür. 17 hastada iki, iki hastada ikiden çok meziodens görülmüştür. Meziodenslerin çoğu (%58,1) komplikasyona yol açarken % 41,9’u komplikasyona yol açmamaktadır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda meziodens prevelansı literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarla uyumlu bulunmuştur. Meziodenslerin büyük bir çoğunluğu gömülü oldukları için dişhekimleri intraoral muayene sırasında diş sürmesinde gecikme veya retansiyonla karşılaştıklarında meziodensleri de hatırlamalıdırlar. Erken tanı ile gecikme olmadan yapılan cerrahi tedaviler ile istenmeyen komplikasyonlar önlenebilmektedir

Konik Işın Hüzmeli Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Kullanılan bir Vakada İnternal Rezorbtif Defektlerin Tedavisi

İnternal kök rezorbsiyonunun etiyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Travma ve kronik pulpitis ana risk faktörleri olarak düşünülmektedir. Proses genellikle asemptomatiktir ve rutin radyografik inceleme sırasında teşhis edilir. 30 yaşında erkek hasta, üst çene lateral dişine kompozit dolgu sonrasında gece ağrısı ve şişlik şikayetleriyle fakülte kliniğine başvurdu. Radyografik inceleme üst çene santral kesicilerde internal rezorbsiyon olduğunu ortaya çıkardı. Konik ışın hüzmeli bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemesi bu durumu doğruladı. Üç dişe kök kanal tedavisi uygulandı, ancak lateral kesicinin kök kanalı apikal üçlüye ulaşmaya müsaade etmedi. Bu nedenle tedavi planlamasına ek olarak cerrahi uygulamada eklendi. Bu vaka raporu üst çene kesici dişlerdeki internal rezobsiyona ortograd ve lateral kesiciye ise retrograd uygulamayı anlatmaktadır

Analyzing the soil texture effect on promoting water holding capacity by polyacrylamide

Polyacrylamide (PAM) has been widely used to improve soil water holding capacity and control infiltration rate of the soils. However, limited studies have been conducted on the interactions between soil water holding capacity and PAM rates in different soil textures. This study targeted to analyze the relations between soil texture and water holding capacity as a response of increasing PAM applications rate. PAM rates of 0.03, 0.1, 0.13, 0.16, 0.23, 0.33 and 0.67% by weight were applied to clay loam, clay and sandy loam soils. Water holding capacity (q) at field capacity (q 0.01 MPa for sandy loam and q0.033MPa for clay loam and clay) and wilting point (q1.50 MPa) were measured with a pressure plate apparatus. The values of water holding capacity were regressed as a function of PAM rate, and the slope and intercepts of regression lines for clay loam, clay and sandy loam soils were compared to decide the homogeneity of these functions. Increasing PAM rate significantly increased the water holding capacity in all three soils (P<0.05). The regression lines obtained for sandy loam, clay loam, and clay were all significantly different from one to another, revealing that soil texture has a significant effect on the function of PAM in promoting water holding capacity in these soils. Therefore, we concluded that soil texture should be considered in optimizing the results from PAM applications

Real-life experiences with galcanezumab and predictors for treatment response in Turkey

BackgroundThe complexity of clinical practice extends far beyond the controlled settings of trials, and there is a need for real-world studies aimed at identifying which patients will respond to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in different countries. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of galcanezumab in treating migraine in a real-life setting in Turkey, as well as identify predictors of treatment response.MethodsA total of 476 patients who diagnosed with migraine according to ICHD-3 criteria and treated with galcanezumab by headache specialists were voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study. Galcanezumab is indicated for the prevention of migraine in adults who have at least 4 monthly migraine days in Turkey. All patients filled out a survey on Google Form that comprised 54 questions, addressing various aspects such as demographics, migraine characteristics, previous use of acute symptomatic medication, failures with preventive drug classes, comorbidities, most bothersome symptoms, as well as the interictal burden of migraine.ResultsAmong the participants, 89.3% reported that galcanezumab treatment was beneficial for them. A decrease in the frequency (80.0%), severity (85.7%), and acute medication usage for migraine attacks (71.4%) was reported with galcanezumab treatment. An adverse effect related to galcanezumab was reported in 16.3% of cases, but no serious adverse reactions were observed. Remarkably, 14.3% of participants reported no longer experiencing any headaches, and 18.9% did not require any acute treatment while receiving galcanezumab treatment. A logistic regression model showed that male gender, lack of ictal nausea, and previous failure of more than 2 prophylactic agents may predict the non-responders.ConclusionsThe first large series from Turkey showed that galcanezumab treatment is safe and effective in most of the patients diagnosed with migraine by headache experts in the real-life setting. Patients reported a significant decrease in both ictal and interictal burden of migraine and expressed satisfaction with this treatment

Phytochemical profile and some biological activities of three Centaurea species from Turkey

Purpose: To characterise the phytochemical profile of whole plants of Centaurea balsamita, C. depressa and C. lycopifolia with LC-ESI-MS/MS, and as well as their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities.Methods: Organic and aqueous extracts of the three Centaurea species were evaluated for DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Acetyland butyryl-cholinesterase enzyme inhibition abilities of the extracts using petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water were studied to determine anticholinesterase activity, while antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method using appropriate antimicrobial standards and organisms. The phytochemical components of the methanol extracts were assessed by LC-MS/MS.Results: The methanol extract of C. balsamita exhibited much higher DPPH free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activities (with IC50 of 62.65 ± 0.97 and 24.21 ± 0.70 mg/ml, respectively) than the other extracts. The petroleum ether extracts of the plant species exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzymes while the acetone extract of C. balsamita showed good antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Quinic acid (17513 ± 813 μg/g, 63874 ± 3066 μg/g and 108234 ± 5195 μg/g) was the major compound found in the methanol extracts of C. balsamita, C. depressa and C. Lycopifolia, respectively.Conclusion: These results indicate quinic acid is the major compound in the three plant species and that Centaurea balsamita has significant antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial properties. Further studies to identify the compounds in the extracts responsible for the activities are required.Keywords: Centaurea, LC-ESI-MS/MS, Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant, Antimicrobia

Sex differences of migraine: Results of a nationwide home-based study in Turkey

Introduction: The prevalence of migraine was found to be more than three-fold higher in women as compared with men, and in addition to differences in prevalence rates, the characteristics and associated features might also differ between the sexes. The aim of this study was to compare sex-specific features of migraine and demographic parameters in a nationwide population-based study in Turkey. Methods: Among 5323 subjects, a total of 871 patients who were diagnosed as having definite migraine according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-III) were included in our study. The demographic characteristics, associated features, and triggers of migraine were examined with regard to sex. Results: The study group comprised 640 women (73.5%) and 231 men (26.5%), with a female to male ratio of 2.8:1. Attack duration, mean migraine disability assessment scores (MIDAS), frequencies of nausea, vomiting, osmophobia, vertigo/dizziness, and allodynia were found significantly different between women and men. When we compared these parameters between men and postmenopausal women, all these parameters were still significant except nausea. Odor was statistically more frequent as a reported trigger in women, whereas excessive sleep was a statistically more frequent triggering factor in men. The rates of depression and allergy were significantly higher in women when compared with men. Conclusion: Longer attack duration, higher MIDAS scores, and the frequencies of nausea, vomiting, osmophobia, vertigo/dizziness, and allodynia were more significant in women and this variance in sex persisted after menopause. Also, some trigger factors and co-morbidities differed between the sexes. These findings might result from complex genetic factors besides sociocultural influences, biologic, and sociocultural roles. Future studies should continue to explore biologic and genetic factors with respect to sex in migraine

Role of food-drug interactions in neurological and psychological diseases

Given that foods and nutrients have been shown to influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs, drugs may cause changes in the nutritional status of patients and their response to a given drug. Food‑drug interactions are particularly relevant for drugs used to treat neurological and psychological diseases. This review provides an overview of food‑drug interaction in the treatment of neurological and psychological diseases. A literature search was carried out by collecting data from different reviews, reports, and original articles on general or specific drug interactions with food, in patients with a variety of neurological and psychological diseases. Based on our review, we found that food‑drug interactions may alter the expected impact of drug, or cause the development of a drug toxicity. Nutritional status of the patients may also be affected, particularly a change in body weight caused by a change appetite. Metabolism, absorption, and excretion of foods may also be altered, and nutritional insufficiencies may occur. Recent studies show that diet can have a strong influence on gut microbiota and thus, alter drug pharmacokinetics. Therefore, microbiota alterations should also be considered while assessing food‑drug interactions. Knowledge of food‑drug interactions is critical for improving health of patients with neurological and psychological diseases, and also for improving effectiveness of treatments