Tecnologías sociales y producción de alimentos en municipios del suroeste de Bahía. Logros y desafíos en la garantía de la soberanía alimentaria campesina.

Este artigo objetiva analisar como se dá a produção de alimentos pelas famílias camponesas no Sudoeste Baiano, a partir do uso e apropriação das estruturas hídricas do Programa “Por Uma Terra e Duas Águas” (P1+2). Para tanto, delimitou-se o estudo em quatro municípios: Anagé, Bom Jesus da Serra, Cândido Sales e Poções. A metodologia adotada inclui a revisão de literatura, a pesquisa documental, o levantamento de dados primários e secundários, e entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas remotamente por conta da pandemia. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as tecnologias sociais do P1+2 exercem papel substancial para o cultivo de alimentos que compunham a dieta alimentar das famílias camponesas. No entanto, o período de estiagem ainda se apresenta como desafio para uma produção contínua.This article aims to analyze how food production is carried out by peasant families in Southwest Bahia, based on the use and appropriation of water structures in the “For One Land and Two Waters” Program (P1+2). Therefore, the study was delimited in four municipalities Anagé, Bom Jesus da Serra, Cândido Sales and Poções. The methodology adopted includes literature review, documentary research, survey of primary and secondary data, and semi-structured interviews, carried out remotely because of the pandemic. The results obtained show that the P1+2 social technologies play a substantial role in the cultivation of foods that make up the diet of peasant families.Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la producción de alimentos es realizada por las familias campesinas en el suroeste de Bahía, a partir del uso y apropiación de estructuras de agua en el Programa “Por una tierra y dos aguas” (P1 + 2). Por tanto, el estudio se delimitó en cuatro municipios Anagé, Bom Jesus da Serra, Cândido Sales y Poções. La metodología adoptada incluye revisión de literatura, investigación documental, relevamiento de datos primarios y secundarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas de forma remota a causa de la pandemia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las tecnologías sociales P1 + 2 juegan un papel sustancial en el cultivo de alimentos que integran la dieta de las familias campesinas. Sin embargo, el período seco todavía se presenta como un desafío para la producción continua

Papaya callus and somatic embryo induction and development

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer um protocolo para a indução e desenvolvimento de calos e embriões somáticos em mamoeiro (Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung n.1). Foram utilizados quatro tipos de explantes (hipocótilo com folhas cotiledonares, hipocótilo, folhas cotiledonares e epicótilo) e duas condições de cultivo (escuro e 16 horas de luz). A indução e o desenvolvimento de calos foram avaliados nos meios de cultura ½MS2, ½MS10 e HMH e a indução e o desenvolvimento de embriões somáticos nos meios ½MS e HMH1. O cultivo de explantes de hipocótilo com folhas cotiledonares em meio de cultura ½MS10, por 20 dias, sob condições de escuro, foi o mais adequado para a indução (100%) e o crescimento de calos friáveis embriogênicos. O cultivo desses calos em meio ½MS, por duas subculturas de 30 dias, sob condições de escuro, foi o mais adequado para a indução (60%) e o desenvolvimento de embriões somáticos. O tipo de explante, meios de cultura e condições de cultivo foram definidos para a embriogênese somática em mamoeiro.In order to establish a protocol for induction and development of callus and somatic embryos of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung n.1) four explant types (hypocotyl with cotiledonary leaves, hypocotyl, cotiledonary leaves and epycotyl) and two light conditions (dark and 16 h photoperiod) were used. Callus induction and development were evaluated in ½MS2, ½MS10 and HMH media, and somatic embryo induction and development in ½MS and HMH1 media. In vitro culture of hypocotyl with cotiledonary leaves in ½MS10 medium, under dark condition for 20 days, was suitable for induction (100%) and growth of embryogenic friable callus. The culture of these callus in ½MS medium, under dark condition for two subcultures of 30 days, was suitable for induction (60%) and development of papaya somatic embryos. The explant type, culture media and culture conditions were defined for papaya somatic embryogenesis

Pulmonary functional assessment: longitudinal study after treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

Even when treated adequately, pulmonary tuberculosis can lead to pulmonary sequelae. Patients treated for PTB between 2012 and 2016 answered a standardized questionnaire and underwent chest radiography and spirometry, measurement of absolute pulmonary volume, Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) on two occasions: within the first year after the end of treatment (follow-up 1), and one and two years after follow-up 1 (follow-up 2). A total of 55 patients they underwent spirometry, 23 (41.82%) had obstructive ventilatory disorder (OVD) and eight (14.5%) had moderate OVD. In total, 29 patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and 24 patients underwent the 6MWT on two occasions. The functional changes after PTB treatment appear not to have varied between one and two years of follow-up. There was a correlation between low FEV1 and low DLCO (p<0.001); low DLCO and low 6MWT (p<0.001) and radiographic abnormalities and low FEV1 (p=0.033). The most frequently observed change in spirometry was found in patients with OVD

Barriers to organizational communication : a study in a public organization of government of Federal District

Pesquisa de clima organizacional realizada em 2011 por consultoria externa especializada no âmbito de uma agência do governo do Distrito Federal apontou a necessidade de elabora-ção de planos de comunicação integrativos que previssem ações de curto, médio e longo prazo, a fim de melhorar a comunicação interna e externa da organização. Com o apoio em revisão de literatura enfocando gestão do conhecimento, teoria da comunicação e cultura organizacional, realizou-se estudo de natureza qualitativa, mediante grupo focal, envolvendo dez gestores e dez servidores públicos da referida agência, sobre barreiras à comunicação interna entre suas unidades administrativas. À transcrição das falas durante os grupos focais aplicou-se análise de conteúdo categorial temática. Como resultado, observou-se a existência de barreiras à comunicação nos níveis individual e organizacional. As categorias originadas foram i) Dissonância informacional e cognitiva (nível individual); ii) Desintegração informacional (nível organizacional); e iii) Redes pessoais e computacionais (nível individual e organizacional). Conclui-se que a disseminação, criação e compartilhamento de informa-ções dependem não somente da existência de sistemas de informação da organização, mas sobretudo da percepção e dos valores de indivíduos.An organizational climate survey conducted by an external consultancy at an agency of the Federal District government in 2011 pointed out the need for more integrated communica-tion plans that entailed actions in the short, medium and long terms to improve internal and external communication processes. With the support from a literature review on knowledge management, communication theory and organizational culture, we conducted a qualitative study through focus groups, involving ten top managers and ten civil servants at the referred public agency, on barriers to internal communication between administrative organization units. We have applied thematic content analysis to oral transcripts obtained from focus groups. As a result, one can observe the existence of barriers to communication at the individual and organizational levels. The analytical categories originated from the thematic content analysis were i) Informational and cognitive dissonance (individual); ii) Informational disintegration (organizational level); and iii) Personal and computer networking (individual and organizational level). We conclude that the dissemination, creation and sharing of in-formation at the organization depends not only on the availability of information systems, but, above all, on perceptions and values among individuals

The life hope of elderly: profile assessment and Herth Scale / A esperança de vida dos idosos: avaliação pelo perfil e a Escala de Herth

Objetivos: Avaliar o nível de esperança de vida e traçar o perfil sociodemográfico, de saúde e riscos sociais dos idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado na Universidade Aberta á Terceira Idade (UnATI) de Vitória, ES, com amostra de 52 idosos, com aplicação do questionário da caracterização do Perfil e da Escala de Esperança de Herth. Resultados: Foram realizadas análises descritivas. Prevaleceu o sexo feminino (86,5%), idosos com 65 a 75 anos (26,9% da amostra), casados e viúvos (38,4 %), 82,6% com doença crônica diagnosticada e a esperança com escore médio total de 35,88 (± 4,42). Este escore apresentou alto, identificando índice de esperança satisfatório. Conclusão: Evidenciou a importância de grupos de convivência na Terceira Idade e a esperança foi encarada como uma possível saída do ciclo do sofrimento e avaliada como um conforto para a população idosa, perante a essencialidade de um envelhecer com saúde, dignidade e autonomia

Features of Neutrophils From Atopic and Non-Atopic Elite Endurance Runners

We collected peripheral blood from thirty-nine elite male endurance runners at rest (24 hours after the last exercise session) and used the Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes score and plasma specific IgE level to separate them into atopic and non-atopic athletes. Neutrophils obtained from atopic and non-atopic athletes were subsequently stimulated in vitro with fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), LPS (lipopolysaccharide), or PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Neutrophils from non-atopic runners responded appropriately to LPS, as evidenced by the production of pro (IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Neutrophils from atopic elite runners exhibited lower responses to LPS stimulus as indicated by no increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 production. Neutrophils from non-atopic and atopic runners responded similarly to fMLP stimulation, indicating that migration function remained unaltered. Both groups were unresponsive to PMA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Training hours and training volume were not associated with neutrophil IgE receptor gene expression or any evaluated neutrophil function. Since non-atopic runners normally responded to LPS stimulation, the reduced neutrophil response to the stimuli was most likely due to the atopic state and not exercise training. The findings reported are of clinical relevance because atopic runners exhibit a constant decline in competition performance and are more susceptible to invading microorganisms

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat