5 research outputs found

    Identification des propriétés phylogénétiques spécifiques des intégrases M et O du VIH-1

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    Les transmissions de virus simiens Ă  l'homme ont donnĂ© naissance aux diffĂ©rents groupes de VIH-1. Nous avons rĂ©cemment identifiĂ© un motif fonctionnel (CLA), dans le domaine C-terminal de l'intĂ©grase, essentiel pour l'intĂ©gration dans le groupe M. Ici, nous avons constatĂ© que le motif est dispensable pour les isolats du groupe O, en raison de la prĂ©sence, dans leur domaine N-terminal d'un autre motif spĂ©cifique, NOG, qui est mutuellement interchangeable avec le motif CLA. Alors que le motif NOG est dĂ©jĂ  hautement conservĂ© chez les ancĂȘtres simiens du groupe O, SIVgor, chez SIVcpzPtt, l'ancĂȘtre du VIH-1 M, aucun consensus pour le motif CLA n'est trouvĂ©, suggĂ©rant que le motif a Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ© aprĂšs transmission Ă  l'homme. La caractĂ©risation fonctionnelle des intĂ©grases contenant le motif NOG retrace les voies mĂ©canistes suivies par ces deux virus pour assurer une intĂ©gration efficace, amĂ©liorant notre comprĂ©hension de l'Ă©volution des virus et de leurs protĂ©ines multifonctionnelles dans les infections humaines.Transmissions of simian viruses to humans gave rise to the different groups of HIV-1. We recently identified a functional motif (CLA), in the C-terminal domain of integrase, essential for integration in group M. Here, we found that the motif is dispensable for isolates of group O, because of the presence, in their N-terminal domain of another specific motif, NOG, that is mutually interchangeable with the CLA motif. While the NOG motif is highly conserved already in the simian ancestors of group O, SIVgor, in SIVcpzPtt, the ancestor of HIV-1 M, no consensus for the CLA motif is found, suggesting that the motif was selected after transmission to humans. Functional characterization of NOG-motif- containing integrases traces the mechanistic paths followed by these two viruses to ensure efficient integration, improving our understanding of the evolution of viruses and of their multifunctional proteins in human infections

    Identification des propriétés phylogénétiques spécifiques des intégrases M et O du VIH-1

    No full text
    Transmissions of simian viruses to humans gave rise to the different groups of HIV-1. We recently identified a functional motif (CLA), in the C-terminal domain of integrase, essential for integration in group M. Here, we found that the motif is dispensable for isolates of group O, because of the presence, in their N-terminal domain of another specific motif, NOG, that is mutually interchangeable with the CLA motif. While the NOG motif is highly conserved already in the simian ancestors of group O, SIVgor, in SIVcpzPtt, the ancestor of HIV-1 M, no consensus for the CLA motif is found, suggesting that the motif was selected after transmission to humans. Functional characterization of NOG-motif- containing integrases traces the mechanistic paths followed by these two viruses to ensure efficient integration, improving our understanding of the evolution of viruses and of their multifunctional proteins in human infections.Les transmissions de virus simiens Ă  l'homme ont donnĂ© naissance aux diffĂ©rents groupes de VIH-1. Nous avons rĂ©cemment identifiĂ© un motif fonctionnel (CLA), dans le domaine C-terminal de l'intĂ©grase, essentiel pour l'intĂ©gration dans le groupe M. Ici, nous avons constatĂ© que le motif est dispensable pour les isolats du groupe O, en raison de la prĂ©sence, dans leur domaine N-terminal d'un autre motif spĂ©cifique, NOG, qui est mutuellement interchangeable avec le motif CLA. Alors que le motif NOG est dĂ©jĂ  hautement conservĂ© chez les ancĂȘtres simiens du groupe O, SIVgor, chez SIVcpzPtt, l'ancĂȘtre du VIH-1 M, aucun consensus pour le motif CLA n'est trouvĂ©, suggĂ©rant que le motif a Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ© aprĂšs transmission Ă  l'homme. La caractĂ©risation fonctionnelle des intĂ©grases contenant le motif NOG retrace les voies mĂ©canistes suivies par ces deux virus pour assurer une intĂ©gration efficace, amĂ©liorant notre comprĂ©hension de l'Ă©volution des virus et de leurs protĂ©ines multifonctionnelles dans les infections humaines

    Identification des propriétés phylogénétiques spécifiques des intégrases M et O du VIH-1

    No full text
    Les transmissions de virus simiens Ă  l'homme ont donnĂ© naissance aux diffĂ©rents groupes de VIH-1. Nous avons rĂ©cemment identifiĂ© un motif fonctionnel (CLA), dans le domaine C-terminal de l'intĂ©grase, essentiel pour l'intĂ©gration dans le groupe M. Ici, nous avons constatĂ© que le motif est dispensable pour les isolats du groupe O, en raison de la prĂ©sence, dans leur domaine N-terminal d'un autre motif spĂ©cifique, NOG, qui est mutuellement interchangeable avec le motif CLA. Alors que le motif NOG est dĂ©jĂ  hautement conservĂ© chez les ancĂȘtres simiens du groupe O, SIVgor, chez SIVcpzPtt, l'ancĂȘtre du VIH-1 M, aucun consensus pour le motif CLA n'est trouvĂ©, suggĂ©rant que le motif a Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ© aprĂšs transmission Ă  l'homme. La caractĂ©risation fonctionnelle des intĂ©grases contenant le motif NOG retrace les voies mĂ©canistes suivies par ces deux virus pour assurer une intĂ©gration efficace, amĂ©liorant notre comprĂ©hension de l'Ă©volution des virus et de leurs protĂ©ines multifonctionnelles dans les infections humaines.Transmissions of simian viruses to humans gave rise to the different groups of HIV-1. We recently identified a functional motif (CLA), in the C-terminal domain of integrase, essential for integration in group M. Here, we found that the motif is dispensable for isolates of group O, because of the presence, in their N-terminal domain of another specific motif, NOG, that is mutually interchangeable with the CLA motif. While the NOG motif is highly conserved already in the simian ancestors of group O, SIVgor, in SIVcpzPtt, the ancestor of HIV-1 M, no consensus for the CLA motif is found, suggesting that the motif was selected after transmission to humans. Functional characterization of NOG-motif- containing integrases traces the mechanistic paths followed by these two viruses to ensure efficient integration, improving our understanding of the evolution of viruses and of their multifunctional proteins in human infections

    A snapshot on HIV-1 evolution through the identification of phylogenetic-specific properties of HIV-1 integrases M/O.

    No full text
    Transmissions of simian viruses to humans has originated the different groups of HIV-1. We recently identified a functional motif (CLA), in the C-terminal domain of the integrase, essential for integration in HIV-1 group M. Here, we found that the motif is instead dispensable in group O isolates, because of the presence, in the N-terminal domain of HIV-1 O of a specific sequence, Q7G27P41H44, that we define as the NOG motif. Alterations of reverse transcription and of 3' processing observed by mutating the CLA motif of IN M are fully rescued to wt levels by inserting the sequence of the NOG motif in the N-ter of the protein. These results indicate that the two motifs (CLA and NOG) functionally complement each other and a working model accounting for these observations is proposed. The establishment of these two alternative motifs seems to be due to the different phylogenetic origin and history of these two groups. Indeed, the NOG motif is already present in the ancestor of group O (SIVgor) while it is absent from SIVcpzPtt, the ancestor of group M. The CLA motif, instead, seems to have emerged after SIVcpzPtt has been transferred to humans, since no conservation is found at the same positions in these simian viruses. These results show the existence of two-group specific motifs in HIV-1 M and O integrases. In each group, only one of the motifs is functional, potentially leading the other motif to diverge from its original function and, in an evolutionary perspective, assist other functions of the protein, further increasing HIV genetic diversity

    DNA topoisomerase 1 represses HIV-1 promoter activity through its interaction with a guanine quadruplex present in the LTR sequence

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    Abstract Background Once integrated in the genome of infected cells, HIV-1 provirus is transcribed by the cellular transcription machinery. This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an efficient viral replication as well as for the setting up of viral latency, leading to a repressed transcription of the integrated provirus. Results In this study, we examined the role of two parameters in HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. We identified DNA topoisomerase1 (TOP1) to be a potent repressor of this promoter and linked this repression to its catalytic domain. Additionally, we confirmed the folding of a Guanine quadruplex (G4) structure in the HIV-1 promoter and its repressive effect. We demonstrated a direct interaction between TOP1 and this G4 structure, providing evidence of a functional relationship between the two repressive elements. Mutations abolishing G4 folding affected TOP1/G4 interaction and hindered G4-dependent inhibition of TOP1 catalytic activity in vitro. As a result, HIV-1 promoter activity was reactivated in a native chromatin environment. Lastly, we noticed an enrichment of predicted G4 sequences in the promoter of TOP1-repressed cellular genes. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the formation of a TOP1/G4 complex on the HIV-1 LTR promoter and its repressive effect on the promoter activity. They reveal the existence of a new mechanism of TOP1/G4-dependent transcriptional repression conserved between viral and human genes. This mechanism contrasts with the known property of TOP1 as global transcriptional activator and offers new perspectives for anti-cancer and anti-viral strategies
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