14 research outputs found

    Urinary exosome miR-146a is a potential marker of albuminuria in essential hypertension

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    BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in using extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in renal dysfunction and injury. Preliminary evidence indicates that miRNAs regulate the progression of glomerular disease. Indeed, exosomes from the renal system have provided novel evidence in the clinical setting of albuminuria. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the urinary miRNAs present in exosome and microvesicles (MVs), and to assess their association with the presence of increased urinary albumin excretion in essential hypertension. METHODS: Exosomes were collected from urine specimens from a cohort of hypertensive patients with (n = 24) or without albuminuria (n = 28), and from 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. Urinary exosomes were phenotyped by Western blot, tunable resistive pulse sensing, and electronic microscopy. Expression of miR-146a and miR-335* was analysed by qRT-PCR and any associations between albuminuria and exosomal miRNAs were analysed. RESULTS: Urinary miRNAs are highly enriched in exosome subpopulations compared to MVs, both in patients with or without increased albuminuria (p < 0.001), but not in the control group. High albuminuria was associated with 2.5-fold less miR-146a in exosomes (p = 0.017), whereas miR-146a levels in MV did not change. In addition, exosome miR-146a levels were inversely associated with albuminuria (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001), and discriminated the presence of urinary albumin excretion presence [area under the curve = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.95; p = 0.0013]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that miRNAs were enriched in the urinary exosome subpopulation in hypertensive patients and that low miR-146a expression in exosomes was associated with the presence of albuminuria. Thus, urinary exosome miR-146a may be a potentially useful tool for studying early renal injury in hypertension

    Do children of the first marriage deter divorce?

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    International audienceIn terms of economics, individuals divorce if their expected gains from marriage fall short of their expected utility outside the current marriage, and children represent a marriage-specific type of investment, which generally increases the value of marriage for the spouses. However, children may also disrupt marital stability as they will induce dramatic changes into the household allocation of money and time. In particular, children conceived before or after first marriage may be valued differently by the spouses and this may lead to marital conflicts. It is difficult to assign a priori the direction of the effect of children on marriage stability, and causality may run either way, as couples who anticipate a separation are more likely to have fewer children than those who are happy together, while children born before first marriage may be associated with a lower marriage attachment of their parents. Here, we follow an empirical approach and take advantage of the richness of the data on pre-marital history from the 24 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth79, to estimate the effect of children conceived before or after first marriage on marital stability. We find a significant deterrent effect of young children conceived during first marriage to the likelihood of divorce, while children conceived before first marriage are found to have a disruptive effect on marital stability

    Which Children Stabilize Marriage?

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    Children can be considered as a marriage-specific investment that increases the value of the marriage, making a divorce more costly. We exploit the richness of pre- and post-marital information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79, for the United States, to investigate the relation between fertility and marriage instability. In our model of marriage breakdown, we use the number of siblings of the respondent and, alternatively, multiple births, to instrument the number of children conceived during first marriage. Our results indicate that the presence of children significantly reduces the probability of marital disruption. In addition, the younger the children, the greater the deterrent effect. In contrast, we conclude that children conceived before first marriage increase the risk of marital disruption. Finally, the higher the parents' level of education, the larger the positive effect of fertility on marital stability

    Pulse pressure amplification and its determinants

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    <div><p><i>Background</i>. Pulse pressure (PP) amplification expressed as the peripheral-to-central PP ratio has gained importance in the assessment of cardiovascular phenotypes and cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between PP amplification, large vessel parameters and peripheral blood pressure (BP) to gain insights into the amplification phenomenon. <i>Methods</i>. Peripheral BP, central BP and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were assessed using the OMRON M6, SphygmoCor and Complior devices, respectively, in 741 adults attending the hypertension outpatient clinic. Analysis of covariance, partial correlations and multiple linear regression models were performed to assess the relationship between PP amplification, peripheral BP and cfPWV. <i>Results</i>. PP amplification was inversely related to BP group. Women showed lower PP amplification than men (1.24 ± 0.18 and 1.35 ± 0.18, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Age, female gender and mean arterial pressure were inversely associated with PP amplification (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas heart rate and body mass index showed positive associations (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.049, respectively). cfPWV was a predictor of PP amplification in men but not in women (<i>p</i> = 0.006 and <i>p</i> = 0.424, respectively). <i>Conclusions</i>. PP amplification is related to BP: the higher the BP, the lower the PP amplification. Gender, age and body composition have a significant impact on PP amplification.</p></div

    Regulation of glycogen synthesis by the laforin-malin complex is modulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway

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    12 páginas, 8 figuras -- PAGS nros. 667-678Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of glycogen-like intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies. LD is caused by mutations in two genes, EPM2A and EPM2B, encoding respectively laforin, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, and malin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Previously, we and others have suggested that the interactions between laforin and PTG (a regulatory subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase) and between laforin and malin are critical in the pathogenesis of LD. Here, we show that the laforin–malin complex downregulates PTG-induced glycogen synthesis in FTO2B hepatoma cells through a mechanism involving ubiquitination and degradation of PTG. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the interaction between laforin and malin is a regulated process that is modulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). These findings provide further insights into the critical role of the laforin–malin complex in the control of glycogen metabolism and unravel a novel link between the energy sensor AMPK and glycogen metabolism. These data advance our understanding of the functional role of laforin and malin, which hopefully will facilitate the development of appropriate LD therapiesThis work was supported by grants from Fundación La Caixa, Fundación Marato TV3, the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SAF2005-00852; SAF2005-00913, BFU2005-00087), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-ER) and the European Commission (LSHM-CT-2004-005272)Peer reviewe

    Étude portant sur la rĂ©partition des prĂ©lĂšvements et des transferts entre les gĂ©nĂ©rations en France

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    Le marchĂ© porte sur la rĂ©alisation d’une Ă©tude proposant un panorama complet des transferts entreles gĂ©nĂ©rations pour la France sur un horizon temporel de 30 ans. Elle utilise une mĂ©thodologieoriginale, celle des Comptes de Transfert Nationaux (NTA), qui aujourd’hui fait rĂ©fĂ©rence sur le planinternational. L’idĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale est de comparer ce que chaque cohorte, dĂ©finie comme l’ensemble desenfants nĂ©s une annĂ©e donnĂ©e, consomme et produit Ă  une date donnĂ©e. Par consommation, onentend consommation de biens marchands mais aussi de biens/services publics tels que l’éducationou la santĂ©. Cette consommation est comparĂ©e aux revenus du travail (y compris les cotisationssociales salariales et patronales) pour dĂ©finir les cohortes qui en excĂ©dent « subventionnent » lescohortes qui consomment plus qu’elles ne produisent. Cette mĂ©thode permet de percevoir de façontrĂšs complĂšte l’ensemble des transferts entre les gĂ©nĂ©rations au cours d’une annĂ©e et sadĂ©formation au cours du temps.Les travaux dĂ©finis dans le cadre du marchĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s. L’essentiel concernait la constructiond’un profil des excĂ©dents et dĂ©ficits au cours du cycle de vie, c’est‐à‐dire la diffĂ©rence Ă  chaque Ăągeentre les revenus du travail et les consommations privĂ©es et publiques. Il a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour toutes lesannĂ©es allant de 1979 Ă  2005. Une dĂ©composition par sexe du « profil de cycle de vie » a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour la pĂ©riode considĂ©rĂ©e. Les principales conclusions de cette Ă©tude sont les suivantes. MalgrĂ© les trĂšs importantschangements Ă©conomiques, sociaux et politiques que la sociĂ©tĂ© française a connu depuis la fin desannĂ©es 1980, la part des transferts vers les moins de 20 ans et les plus de 60 ans dans le PIB a Ă©tĂ©remarquablement stable. Ils reflĂštent un choix collectif pour une certaine Ă©galitĂ© entre les Ăąges,lorsque la variable d’intĂ©rĂȘt est la consommation. Par ailleurs, lorsque l’on se limite aux biens etservices marchands, les transferts favorisent les plus de 60 ans par rapport au moins de 20 ans et,parmi les plus de 60 ans, les femmes par rapport aux hommes. Lorsque l’on intĂšgre la productiondomestique, le constat est inversĂ© et ce sont les jeunes et les hommes de plus de 60 ans quireçoivent le plus de transferts

    Etude portant sur la répartition des prélÚvements et des transferts entre les générations en France

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    Le marchĂ© porte sur la rĂ©alisation d’une Ă©tude proposant un panorama complet des transferts entreles gĂ©nĂ©rations pour la France sur un horizon temporel de 30 ans. Elle utilise une mĂ©thodologieoriginale, celle des Comptes de Transfert Nationaux (NTA), qui aujourd’hui fait rĂ©fĂ©rence sur le planinternational. L’idĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale est de comparer ce que chaque cohorte, dĂ©finie comme l’ensemble desenfants nĂ©s une annĂ©e donnĂ©e, consomme et produit Ă  une date donnĂ©e. Par consommation, onentend consommation de biens marchands mais aussi de biens/services publics tels que l’éducationou la santĂ©. Cette consommation est comparĂ©e aux revenus du travail (y compris les cotisationssociales salariales et patronales) pour dĂ©finir les cohortes qui en excĂ©dent « subventionnent » lescohortes qui consomment plus qu’elles ne produisent. Cette mĂ©thode permet de percevoir de façontrĂšs complĂšte l’ensemble des transferts entre les gĂ©nĂ©rations au cours d’une annĂ©e et sadĂ©formation au cours du temps.Les travaux dĂ©finis dans le cadre du marchĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s. L’essentiel concernait la constructiond’un profil des excĂ©dents et dĂ©ficits au cours du cycle de vie, c’est‐à‐dire la diffĂ©rence Ă  chaque Ăągeentre les revenus du travail et les consommations privĂ©es et publiques. Il a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour toutes lesannĂ©es allant de 1979 Ă  2005. Une dĂ©composition par sexe du « profil de cycle de vie » a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour la pĂ©riode considĂ©rĂ©e. Les principales conclusions de cette Ă©tude sont les suivantes. MalgrĂ© les trĂšs importantschangements Ă©conomiques, sociaux et politiques que la sociĂ©tĂ© française a connu depuis la fin desannĂ©es 1980, la part des transferts vers les moins de 20 ans et les plus de 60 ans dans le PIB a Ă©tĂ©remarquablement stable. Ils reflĂštent un choix collectif pour une certaine Ă©galitĂ© entre les Ăąges,lorsque la variable d’intĂ©rĂȘt est la consommation. Par ailleurs, lorsque l’on se limite aux biens etservices marchands, les transferts favorisent les plus de 60 ans par rapport au moins de 20 ans et,parmi les plus de 60 ans, les femmes par rapport aux hommes. Lorsque l’on intĂšgre la productiondomestique, le constat est inversĂ© et ce sont les jeunes et les hommes de plus de 60 ans quireçoivent le plus de transferts
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