Regulation of bistability in the std fimbrial operon of Salmonella enterica by DNA adenine methylation and transcription factors HdfR, StdE and StdF

Bistable expression of the Salmonella enterica std operon is controlled by an AND logic gate involving three transcriptional activators: the LysR-type factor HdfR and the StdE and StdF regulators encoded by the std operon itself. StdE activates transcription of the hdfR gene, and StdF activates std transcription together with HdfR. Binding of HdfR upstream of the std promoter is hindered by methylation of GATC sites located within the upstream activating sequence (UAS). Epigenetic control by Dam methylation thus antagonizes formation of the StdE-StdF-HdfR loop and tilts the std switch toward the StdOFF state. In turn, HdfR binding hinders methylation of the UAS, permitting activation of the StdE-StdF-HdfR loop and concomitant formation of StdON cells. Bistability is thus the outcome of competition between DNA adenine methylation and the StdE-StdF-HdfR activator loop.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [BIO2016–75235-P

Poje et Le Mariage de Mademoiselle Beulemans : intertextualité et enjeux linguistiques

Dans cet article nous nous proposons d’analyser d’une part l’intertextualité qui se crée entre Le Mariage de Mademoiselle Beulemans de Fonson et Wicheler (1910) et la bande dessinée Poje et Mademoiselle Beulemans (Carpentier, Maelbeek, Dognie, 2015) dans la mesure où cette dernière offre une vision nouvelle et ne se limite pas à l’adaptation de la pièce de Fonson et Wicheler : un récit enchâssé où la réalité de Poje coexiste avec la représentation du Mariage. D’autre part, nous nous intéresserons aux aspects linguistiques qui se font essentiels dans cette œuvre franco-belge offrant d’ailleurs trois versions différentes : française, bruxelloise et néerlandaise, nous cernant dans notre analyse aux deux premières

A eukaryotic-like 3′ untranslated region in Salmonella enterica hilD mRNA

Long 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are common in eukaryotic mRNAs. In contrast, long 3'UTRs are rare in bacteria, and have not been characterized in detail. We describe a 3'UTR of 310 nucleotides in hilD mRNA, a transcript that encodes a transcriptional activator of Salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Deletion of the hilD 3'UTR increases the hilD mRNA level, suggesting that the hilD 3'UTR may play a role in hilD mRNA turnover. Cloning of the hilD 3'UTR downstream of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene decreases green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity in both Escherichia coli and S. enterica, indicating that the hilD 3'UTR can act as an independent module. S. enterica mutants lacking either ribonuclease E or polynucleotide phosphorylase contain similar amounts of hilD and hilD Δ3'UTR mRNAs, suggesting that the hilD 3'UTR is a target for hilD mRNA degradation by the degradosome. The hilD 3'UTR is also necessary for modulation of hilD and SPI-1 expression by the RNA chaperone Hfq. Overexpression of SPI-1 in the absence of the hilD 3'UTR retards Salmonella growth and causes uncontrolled invasion of epithelial cells. Based on these observations, we propose that the S. enterica hilD 3'UTR is a cis-acting element that contributes to cellular homeostasis by promoting hilD mRNA turnover.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2010- 15023 y CSD2008-00013Junta de Andalucía P10-CVI-587

The ethical dative: Between writing and speaking

Utilisé intuitivement par les locuteurs, le datif éthique, un pronom non envisagé dans la structure verbale et qui dépasse d'ailleurs les limites de la syntaxe, devient une marque d'oralité pour caractériser le discours direct dans les textes écrits, notamment littéraires. Nous proposons donc que sa définition comme élément commun entre l'oralité et l'écriture passe actuellement par l'étude de son usage sur les réseaux sociaux, ainsi que sur les sites Internet repérés par l’application Sketch Engin, dans la mesure où ces deux supports donnent lieu à un type d'écriture conditionnée par la spontanéité inhérente au discours oral.Used intuitively by speakers, the ethical dative, a pronoun not contemplated in the verbal structure that goes beyond the limits of syntax, has often become a mark of orality to characterize direct discourse in written texts, especially literary ones. Therefore, we propose that its definition as a shared element between orality and writing should currently be analysed through the study of its use in social networks, as well as in some websites taken up by the Sketch Engine application, insofar, as both supports give rise to a type of writing conditioned by the inherent spontaneity of oral discourse.Utilizado de manera intuitiva por los hablantes, el dativo ético, pronombre no contemplado en la estructura verbal que sobrepasa los límites de la sintaxis, se ha convertido en numerosas ocasiones en una marca de oralidad para caracterizar el discurso directo en los textos escritos, especialmente literarios. Por lo tanto, planteamos que su definición como elemento compartido entre oralidad y escritura debe pasar actualmente por el estudio de su empleo en las redes sociales, así como en ciertas páginas de internet retomadas por la aplicación Sketch Engine en la medida en la que ambos soportes suscitan un tipo de escritura condicionada por la espontaneidad propia al discurso oral

On a Non-Discrete Concept of Prokaryotic Species

The taxonomic concept of species has received continuous attention. A microbial species as a discrete box contains a limited number of highly similar microorganisms assigned to that taxon, following a polyphasic approach. In the 21st Century, with the advancements of sequencing technologies and genomics, the existence of a huge prokaryotic diversity has become well known. At present, the prokaryotic species might no longer have to be understood as discrete values (such as 1 or 2, by homology to Natural numbers); rather, it is expected that some microorganisms could be potentially distributed (according to their genome features and phenotypes) in between others (such as decimal numbers between 1 and 2; real numbers). We propose a continuous species concept for microorganisms, which adapts to the current knowledge on the huge diversity, variability and heterogeneity existing among bacteria and archaea. Likely, this concept could be extended to eukaryotic microorganisms. The continuous species concept considers a species to be delimited by the distance between a range of variable features following a Gaussian-type distribution around a reference organism (i.e., its type strain). Some potential pros and cons of a continuous concept are commented on, offering novel perspectives on our understanding of the highly diversified prokaryotic world, thus promoting discussion and further investigation in the field.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plan de Mejora de la humanización de las salas de espera de urgencias favoreciendo la intercomunicación entre pacientes y familiares a través de terceros

Resumen: Introducción o Justificación Una de las consecuencias derivadas de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, vivida en los últimos dos años, ha sido la limitación de la presencia de familiares en las salas de espera de los servicios de urgencias. Esto ha ocasionado un aumento de los sentimientos de soledad, miedo, incertidumbre e inseguridad, tanto en los pacientes como en sus familiares. Actualmente, las necesidades emocionales y de comunicación generadas ante la ausencia de acompañamiento están actualmente sin resolver. Objetivo La humanización de las salas de espera, favoreciendo la intercomunicación entre pacientes y familiares a través de terceros. Metodología Se realizará un proyecto de mejora de calidad asistencial en el servicio de urgencia del Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, utilizando el ciclo de Deming y basándonos en una revisión bibliográfica extraída de las principales bases de datos científicas. Conclusiones El plan de mejora implantará una formación de enfermería más eficaz para mejorar las habilidades de la comunicación afectiva entre paciente y familiares, ante la situación de no acompañamiento debido SARS-CoV-2.Palabras clave "humanization", "covid", "care", "emergencias"..<br /

Application of Ion Mobility-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and In Silico Tools for Identifying Non-Volatile Substances in Food Contact Material

The use of ion mobility separation (IMS) in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry has proved to be a reliable and useful technique for the characterization of small molecules from food contact materials (FCMs). Collision cross section (CCS) values derived from IMS can be used as a structural descriptor to aid compound identification. One limitation of the application of IMS to the identification of chemicals from FCMs is the lack of published empirical CCS values, thus, this thesis firstly established a CCS database for extractables and leachables from FCMs. On the other hand, many chemicals in FCMs don't have commercial standards, their experimental CCS values cannot be obtained, in this case, machine learning approaches were used to build the models to predict the CCS values for chemicals in FCMs. A support vector machine (SVM) model, based on Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) descriptors, provided the most accurate prediction with 93.3% of CCS values for [M + H]+ adducts and 95.0% of CCS values for [M + Na]+ adducts in testing sets predicted with Besides the CCS values, the retention time (RT) is also very important for the unknown identifications. therefore, we also developed a prediction model to generate the predicted RT values. Based on the in-silico RT and CCS prediction models, a workflow to identify nonvolatile migrates from FCMs was proposed using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-high-resolution mass spectrometry. This workflow was evaluated by screening the chemicals that migrated from polyamide spatulas, we found that the predicted RT and CCS values can reduce the number of candidates and increase the confidence of identification in targeted and suspect screening analysis. The development of a database containing predicted RT and CCS values of compounds related to FCMs can aid in the identification of chemicals in FCMs.<br /

Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Therapeutic Agents: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Implications in Their Clinical Use

Due to the great therapeutic interest that involves the translation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into clinical practice, they have been widely studied as innovative drugs, in order to treat multiple pathologies. MSC-based cell therapy involves the administration of MSCs either locally or systemically into the receptor body where they can traffic and migrate towards the affected tissue and participate in the process of healing. The therapeutic effects of MSCs compromise of different mechanisms such as the functional integration of differentiated MSCs into diseased host tissue after transplantation, their paracrine support, and their impact on the regulation of both the innate and the acquired immune system. Here, we establish and provide recent advances about the principal mechanisms of action through which MSCs can perform their activity and effect as a therapeutic tool. The purpose of this review is to examine and discuss the MSCs capacity of migration, their paracrine effect, as well as MSC-mediated modifications on immune cell responses.This work was supported by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (project FMM-AP17196-2019) and by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FEDER funds, project RTC-2016-5451-1)