Poje et Le Mariage de Mademoiselle Beulemans : intertextualité et enjeux linguistiques

Dans cet article nous nous proposons d’analyser d’une part l’intertextualité qui se crée entre Le Mariage de Mademoiselle Beulemans de Fonson et Wicheler (1910) et la bande dessinée Poje et Mademoiselle Beulemans (Carpentier, Maelbeek, Dognie, 2015) dans la mesure où cette dernière offre une vision nouvelle et ne se limite pas à l’adaptation de la pièce de Fonson et Wicheler : un récit enchâssé où la réalité de Poje coexiste avec la représentation du Mariage. D’autre part, nous nous intéresserons aux aspects linguistiques qui se font essentiels dans cette œuvre franco-belge offrant d’ailleurs trois versions différentes : française, bruxelloise et néerlandaise, nous cernant dans notre analyse aux deux premières

The ethical dative: Between writing and speaking

Utilisé intuitivement par les locuteurs, le datif éthique, un pronom non envisagé dans la structure verbale et qui dépasse d'ailleurs les limites de la syntaxe, devient une marque d'oralité pour caractériser le discours direct dans les textes écrits, notamment littéraires. Nous proposons donc que sa définition comme élément commun entre l'oralité et l'écriture passe actuellement par l'étude de son usage sur les réseaux sociaux, ainsi que sur les sites Internet repérés par l’application Sketch Engin, dans la mesure où ces deux supports donnent lieu à un type d'écriture conditionnée par la spontanéité inhérente au discours oral.Used intuitively by speakers, the ethical dative, a pronoun not contemplated in the verbal structure that goes beyond the limits of syntax, has often become a mark of orality to characterize direct discourse in written texts, especially literary ones. Therefore, we propose that its definition as a shared element between orality and writing should currently be analysed through the study of its use in social networks, as well as in some websites taken up by the Sketch Engine application, insofar, as both supports give rise to a type of writing conditioned by the inherent spontaneity of oral discourse.Utilizado de manera intuitiva por los hablantes, el dativo ético, pronombre no contemplado en la estructura verbal que sobrepasa los límites de la sintaxis, se ha convertido en numerosas ocasiones en una marca de oralidad para caracterizar el discurso directo en los textos escritos, especialmente literarios. Por lo tanto, planteamos que su definición como elemento compartido entre oralidad y escritura debe pasar actualmente por el estudio de su empleo en las redes sociales, así como en ciertas páginas de internet retomadas por la aplicación Sketch Engine en la medida en la que ambos soportes suscitan un tipo de escritura condicionada por la espontaneidad propia al discurso oral

On a Non-Discrete Concept of Prokaryotic Species

The taxonomic concept of species has received continuous attention. A microbial species as a discrete box contains a limited number of highly similar microorganisms assigned to that taxon, following a polyphasic approach. In the 21st Century, with the advancements of sequencing technologies and genomics, the existence of a huge prokaryotic diversity has become well known. At present, the prokaryotic species might no longer have to be understood as discrete values (such as 1 or 2, by homology to Natural numbers); rather, it is expected that some microorganisms could be potentially distributed (according to their genome features and phenotypes) in between others (such as decimal numbers between 1 and 2; real numbers). We propose a continuous species concept for microorganisms, which adapts to the current knowledge on the huge diversity, variability and heterogeneity existing among bacteria and archaea. Likely, this concept could be extended to eukaryotic microorganisms. The continuous species concept considers a species to be delimited by the distance between a range of variable features following a Gaussian-type distribution around a reference organism (i.e., its type strain). Some potential pros and cons of a continuous concept are commented on, offering novel perspectives on our understanding of the highly diversified prokaryotic world, thus promoting discussion and further investigation in the field.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Therapeutic Agents: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Implications in Their Clinical Use

Due to the great therapeutic interest that involves the translation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into clinical practice, they have been widely studied as innovative drugs, in order to treat multiple pathologies. MSC-based cell therapy involves the administration of MSCs either locally or systemically into the receptor body where they can traffic and migrate towards the affected tissue and participate in the process of healing. The therapeutic effects of MSCs compromise of different mechanisms such as the functional integration of differentiated MSCs into diseased host tissue after transplantation, their paracrine support, and their impact on the regulation of both the innate and the acquired immune system. Here, we establish and provide recent advances about the principal mechanisms of action through which MSCs can perform their activity and effect as a therapeutic tool. The purpose of this review is to examine and discuss the MSCs capacity of migration, their paracrine effect, as well as MSC-mediated modifications on immune cell responses.This work was supported by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (project FMM-AP17196-2019) and by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FEDER funds, project RTC-2016-5451-1)

Formation of phenotypic lineages in Salmonella enterica by a pleiotropic fimbrial switch

The std locus of Salmonella enterica, an operon acquired by horizontal transfer, encodes fimbriae that permit adhesion to epithelial cells in the large intestine. Expression of the std operon is bistable, yielding a major subpopulation of StdOFF cells (99.7%) and a minor subpopulation of StdON cells (0.3%). In addition to fimbrial proteins, the std operon encodes two proteins, StdE and StdF, that have DNA binding capacity and control transcription of loci involved in flagellar synthesis, chemotaxis, virulence, conjugal transfer, biofilm formation, and other cellular functions. As a consequence of StdEF pleiotropic transcriptional control, StdON and StdOFF subpopulations may differ not only in the presence or absence of Std fimbriae but also in additional phenotypic traits. Separation of StdOFF and StdON lineages by cell sorting confirms the occurrence of lineage-specific features. Formation of StdOFF and StdON lineages may thus be viewed as a rudimentary bacterial differentiation program