Developing and perfecting universal cognitive skills of students through integrating scientific knowledge about information in the learning content

The article substantiates the need to integrate the findings of linguistics and information theory for the selection of learning content aimed at developing and perfecting the universal cognitive skills of students of a technical university. Consideration of the concept of information in the learning process, the amount of information, and the quality of information may reveal new insights into the information processes produced by an individual in communication. The authors of the article understand the information process as an action with textual information, leading to its qualitative or formal change with one or another communicative aim.The learning algorithms for working with textual information, proposed by the authors of the article, allow not only to speed up the process of understanding and consolidating the course content but also provide for a self-reflection component of students' activity, which makes it possible to control, correct and modify the algorithm under the influence of changing communication conditions

To the Question of the Assessment of Ecological Comfort of the Climate

The article is devoted to the discussion of the advantages of assessing the environmental comfort of the climate, based on the natural features of the climate and the bioclimatic conditions of the territory. The study assessed the ecological comfort of the climate in the city of Taganrog on the basis of the developed original sequence of performing three stages of assessing the totality of bioclimatic indicators with the final calculation of the values of the integral indicator of the bioclimatic comfort of the climate. The results of the assessment showed, according to the average long-term climatic data, the presence of sub-comfortable climates with a tendency to transition to comfortable climate conditions in the warm period of the year. The cold season was distinguished by uncomfortable conditions according to long-term average climatic data. Modeling calculations of the possible risk to the health of city residents in the presence of concentrations of suspended solids in the surface air layer, together with carbon monoxide, exceeding the maximum one-time values by more than 7 times, showed that the development of possible resorptive or carcinogenic effects in these circumstances will occur in 1/3 the population of the city. The prospects for the assessment of the ecological comfort of the climate, which allow in the future to adequately calculate the magnitude of environmental risks to public health caused by pollution of the surface air layer, are shown

Engineering environmental protection at an industrial facility

The aim of this study is to study engineering safety at an industrial facility. The subject of the study is dangerous and harmful factors of production, which include dust and harmful gases. The objectives of the study is assessing the dispersed composition of dust, which determines the microclimate of the working area on the example of a foundry. The presence of fine dust in the air space of the workshop leads to occupational diseases, such as pneumoconiosis (silicosis), bronchitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis. The dust dispersion assessment took into account the relationship between the particle size and the speed of movement under the action of gravitational or centrifugal forces. The granulometric composition of the provided powder sample was determined by laser diffraction, implemented on the Fritsch NanoTec “ANALISETTE 22” laser particle analyzer. Data analysis shows that almost all phases of the technological process determine the microclimate of the internal environment and in the inter-hull zone during emission dispersion. The degree of exposure depends on the dispersion and chemical composition of the dust, in particular, in the air, the dust is oxidized to form a SiO2 film. In addition, there are other harmful substances in the workshop air that can be deposited on dust particles, which makes dust more dangerous and in this case it is necessary to take into account more stringent values of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). An increase in the SiO2 content tightens the requirements for the cleanliness of the air in the working area. In the work, on the basis of theoretical and experimental data, the most dangerous areas with the formation of industrial dust from the standpoint of environmental risk were identified, the dust dispersion was assessed, the dust collection system was finalized, and a wet cleaning system was installed

Assessment of the influence of geophysical parameters on the value of maximum surface concentrations from emissions of asphalt concrete plants

The influence of geophysical parameters of the coefficient of temperature stratification of the atmosphere and terrain, as well as climatic characteristics on the maximum values of surface concentrations of emissions into the atmosphere is analysed. The results of the presented material make it possible to predict atmospheric pollution by emissions coming from asphalt concrete plants. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the inventory data of the ACP of six cities of the Russian Federation (Perm, Temryuk, Kursk, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, and Novgorod); calculations of gross emissions made by specific indicators for all ingredients: dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide. The dependence of the maximum surface concentration of a harmful substance on the coefficient of temperature stratification of the atmosphere and the dependence of the maximum surface concentration of a harmful substance on the terrain coefficient are established. There is a significant difference in annual emissions into the atmosphere in different regions with the same productivity and efficiency of treatment systems. The difference in the technogenic load on the environment from the geophysical characteristics of the region is revealed. The significant influence of the geographical location of Russian cities on the norms of maximum permissible emissions and the parameters of their dispersion, in particular, on the maximum surface concentration, is presented

Plant Growth Promoting Properties of Four Arctic Seaweed Extracts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the White Sea brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissimi extracts on plant growth and biomass accumulation. Extracts were obtained by isopropanol maceration method. Growth promoting effects of all four seaweed extracts were observed at the initial growth phase of Triticum aestivum and Cucumis sativus plants. A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus extracts were more effective at medium concentrations (60, 120 and 300 mg/L) while higher concentration (1200 mg/L) decreased the growth rate and biomass accumulation in wheat plants, but not in cucumber seedlings when compared to control. Higher phenolic content in A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus extracts can possibly be a reason of lower effectiveness of extracts with high concentration. These results suggest that investigated arctic seaweeds have biostimulatory properties that affect plant growth and biomass accumulation and after intensive future studies can be exploited for elaboration of innovative products for agriculture

Assessment of Four White Sea Brown Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth

The study was aimed on the assessment of extracts from four arctic brown seaweeds (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissimi) as stimulators of plant growth. Seaweeds were collected from the Rebalda Bay of the White Sea in August 2021. Extracts were obtained by isopropanol maceration method, then vacuum-dried at 40°C and stored at -4°C. Protein, polyphenols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, alginates, mannitol and polysaccharides contents of extracts were determined. Wheat and cucumber seedlings were used as test plants. Extracts from all four brown seaweeds enhanced growth, accelerated development of plants and increased chlorophyll content in leaves. Plant responses to seaweed extracts were concentration-dependent. Higher concentration of A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus extracts inhibited plant growth possibly due to higher phenolic content. The results show that investigated seaweed extracts obtained by isopropanol maceration method with subsequent drying and freezing have proven to be effective in plant growth stimulation

Interaction between industry higher educational institutions and the customer of educational services

The purpose of the article is to develop a model for interaction between industry higher educational institutions and the customer of educational services in order to increase the human potential in the industry. The article deals with the specifics of relations between the transport higher educational institutions and the company. To assess the quality of relations, the resource exchange model is suggested for use. The article formulates principles of interaction between the parties and indicators that can be used to assess the quality of the resources exchange. A model for interaction between the company’s bus iness units and higher educational institutions was proposed. The relations between the horizontal-structured corporation and educational institutions were modeled; the mathematical apparatus was selected to describe the contacts, indicators of satisfaction with the resources and the resultant indicator (satisfaction with the interaction) were proposed. The model will help to determine quantitative characteristics of the achieved contacts. Their introduction will make it possible to assess the original state of the contacts and proceed to functional design. Introduction of the concept of satisfaction with the resources and interaction in its individual lines will allow identifying the reserves to build on in order to optimize the contacts. The purpose of the modeling is to expand contacts between the higher educational institution and enterprises in the industry, to involve employees in innovation activities, to improve skills of the higher educational institution graduates in response to the needs of the industry. This article only looks at the interaction between industry higher educational institutions and business units of RZD OJSC, whereas recent years brought contacts between the university and many transport organizations that have specifics of market interactions described in the stakeholder theory

Engineering environmental protection at an industrial facility

The aim of this study is to study engineering safety at an industrial facility. The subject of the study is dangerous and harmful factors of production, which include dust and harmful gases. The objectives of the study is assessing the dispersed composition of dust, which determines the microclimate of the working area on the example of a foundry. The presence of fine dust in the air space of the workshop leads to occupational diseases, such as pneumoconiosis (silicosis), bronchitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis. The dust dispersion assessment took into account the relationship between the particle size and the speed of movement under the action of gravitational or centrifugal forces. The granulometric composition of the provided powder sample was determined by laser diffraction, implemented on the Fritsch NanoTec “ANALISETTE 22” laser particle analyzer. Data analysis shows that almost all phases of the technological process determine the microclimate of the internal environment and in the inter-hull zone during emission dispersion. The degree of exposure depends on the dispersion and chemical composition of the dust, in particular, in the air, the dust is oxidized to form a SiO2 film. In addition, there are other harmful substances in the workshop air that can be deposited on dust particles, which makes dust more dangerous and in this case it is necessary to take into account more stringent values of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). An increase in the SiO2 content tightens the requirements for the cleanliness of the air in the working area. In the work, on the basis of theoretical and experimental data, the most dangerous areas with the formation of industrial dust from the standpoint of environmental risk were identified, the dust dispersion was assessed, the dust collection system was finalized, and a wet cleaning system was installed

Assessment of the influence of geophysical parameters on the value of maximum surface concentrations from emissions of asphalt concrete plants

The influence of geophysical parameters of the coefficient of temperature stratification of the atmosphere and terrain, as well as climatic characteristics on the maximum values of surface concentrations of emissions into the atmosphere is analysed. The results of the presented material make it possible to predict atmospheric pollution by emissions coming from asphalt concrete plants. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the inventory data of the ACP of six cities of the Russian Federation (Perm, Temryuk, Kursk, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, and Novgorod); calculations of gross emissions made by specific indicators for all ingredients: dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide. The dependence of the maximum surface concentration of a harmful substance on the coefficient of temperature stratification of the atmosphere and the dependence of the maximum surface concentration of a harmful substance on the terrain coefficient are established. There is a significant difference in annual emissions into the atmosphere in different regions with the same productivity and efficiency of treatment systems. The difference in the technogenic load on the environment from the geophysical characteristics of the region is revealed. The significant influence of the geographical location of Russian cities on the norms of maximum permissible emissions and the parameters of their dispersion, in particular, on the maximum surface concentration, is presented