116 research outputs found
Digital Literacy and the Development of Digital Education
Based on the concept of a digital turn in sociology proposed by Professor S. Kravchenko, the author, using the example of specific sociological studies of Russian research centers, analyzes the influence of the level of digital literacy of the population on the prospects of digital transformations in society. Digital literacy is considered as an integral indicator, including information, technical, communicative and innovative component. In addition to age and gender differentiation, the level of digital literacy is also affected by settlement and territorial factors, confirming that there is an urgent problem of digital inequality. With the ethical side of information literacy, the situation is also ambiguous. This indicator shows how deeply a person reflects on the information found and used. 45% do not think about the benefits and harms of the information they receive on the Internet. The quality of information also becomes a very revealing factor — the majority of respondents are critical to the information received and its sources. More than 70% admit that the media they have chosen may not always provide information reliably. Unexpectedly, in addition to the social group of people with higher education, the greatest skepticism in this regard is also characteristic of young people. Information literacy of the younger generation and lower computer literacy of the older generation reveal a deformation of the socialization process due to the emergence of the phenomenon of “spiritual distance” between these generations.
Keywords: digitalization, a digital turn in sociology, digital literacy, information literac
Contemporary Conditions of Efficient Implementation of Inclusive Education at the University
The paper analyzes the conditions of introducing inclusive education at universities. The suggested classification of necessary conditions may be applied in practice for efficient inclusion at higher educational institutions. We used the methods of descriptive analysis, observation, and Pearson’s chisquared test (χ2). The research findings include the identified efficient conditions of inclusive education, such as (1) creating a column about “Inspiring stories” on the website of the educational institution; (2) conducting group psychological training for students, joint activities, and the so-called “student hour”; (3) establishing a department of distance and inclusive education; (4) developing further education courses for teachers with a focus on communication with students with disabilities and health-related conditions; (5) designing courses for tutors and assisting students with disabilities and health-related conditions to provide them with comprehensive support within the entire period of study at universities; and (6) creating online and offline courses for teachers to develop their readiness to introduce inclusive education at universities by five criteria
To the History of Private Railway Construction in Russia in the 1860-1870s
This paper is devoted to the problem of alienation of real estate for the construction of railways in Russia in the 1860-1870s, when there was the first railway ‘boom’ in the country. The process of transferring real estate from private ownership to the railway companies caused a number of difficulties not only in Russia but also in the majority of European countries, which constructed railways in the 19th century. Despite the extensive historiography of the rail transport, the issue of the alienation of private lands remains insufficiently studied. This research contains the results of complex analysis of the Russian legislation of the indicated period, devoted to the right to real estate and regulating the process of lands alienation for the state needs. The analysis of legislation let revealing the legal framework of alienation of state and private lands, as well as the peculiarities of peasants’ property alienation process. It is shown that despite the government’s attempts to regulate the process, it was often accompanied by conflicts between railway companies and the real estate owners. We consider the specific examples of real estate alienation from people of different social classes.
The Russian government tried to restore order in the process of real estate alienation for the railway construction. Nevertheless, the process was characterized by a number of disadvantages: the administrative procedure for real estate alienation; indefinite terms for payment of compensation to proprietors; unclear wording in the law. All this led to the fact that the process of property valuation had been sometimes delayed for decades
Analyses dynamics of taxpayers behavior fating the influence of socialpsychological factors
In this study, the main attention is paid to the problem of “shadowing” the Ukrainian economy in the crisis period. Theoretical approaches to determining the functions of taxes and factors affecting real tax revenues were studied. A scientific study was carried out which would reveal the motives for the behavior of taxpayers, which are explicitly or implicitly laid in the basis of approaches to the formation of the mechanism of taxation and tax policy of the state. Therefore, we tried to determine the reasons why the behavior of each individual taxpayer is completely determined by his individual rational choice, determined by the desire to maximize his own benefit, i.e. does not depend on the choice of the tax behavior of other agents and the effects that individual taxpayers have on each other. Our results show that the reduction of transaction costs in the legal sector of the economy and the creation of conditions that impede the illegal conduct of transactions are not sufficient conditions for the implementation of formal taxation rules
Current Problems in Developing the Professional — Pedagogical Education System
The paper focuses on the nature and role of professional-pedagogical education and its main feature, biprofessionalism. There are two main models in organizing the training of teachers: (1) according to the type of mono-specialty based on secondary and vocational education (for undergraduate and graduate levels of professional-pedagogical universities and faculties); and (2) according to the additive model (for graduates in various fields receiving additional pedagogical education necessary to work as a teacher in educational organizations of vocational education). The paper aims to analyze the current state of the professional-pedagogical education system in Russia, identify the main problems, and substantiate ways to solve them under the current trends in developing society and the vocational education system. The main research methods are the following: (1) analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature on the history and current state of professional-pedagogical education; and (2) generalization and systematization of pedagogical experience. The research has found the primary problems that hinder developing the professional-pedagogical education system (terminological, organizational, managerial, socio-economic, methodological, etc.)
Governance of Cross-Border Migration in Asia
An inter-ethnic migration issue has arisen due to contradictory tendencies. The relevance of the topic lies in the study and analysis of tendencies in terms of the movement of the workforce in Southeast Asia. In several Asian countries where there is a labour surplus, the migration has become one of the largest sources of income. This study examines the basic tendencies of the labour movement in the countries of Southeast Asia. The statistical data as regards the number of labour migrations for 2015–2017 have been analysed; alongside the drivers of labour migration have been identified. The main reasons for the migration are labour productivity, differences in revenues, rapidly growing number of young workers, the ageing population in other countries, reduced transport and communication costs in East and Southeast Asia. All these indicators undoubtedly have made a significant contribution to the development of migration processes. There are signs, which continually demonstrate that dependence on foreign labour has become a specific feature of some of the rich countries in the East and Southeast Asia
Calculation Method to Determine the Group Composition of Vacuum Distillate with High Content of Saturated Hydrocarbons
Calculation method to determine the group composition of the heavy fraction of vacuum distillate with high content of saturated hydrocarbons, obtained by vacuum distillation of the residue from the West Siberian oil with subsequent hydrotreating, are given in this research. The method is built on the basis of calculation the physico-chemical characteristics and the group composition of vacuum distillate according to the fractional composition and density considering with high content of saturated hydrocarbons in the fraction. Calculation method allows to determine the content of paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic hydrocarbons and the resins in vacuum distillate with high accuracy and can be used in refineries for rapid determination of the group composition of vacuum distillate
Thermodynamic Analysis of Catalytic Cracking Reactions as the First Stage in the Development of Mathematical Description
In this work thermodynamic analysis of catalytic cracking reaction involving the high molecular weight hydrocarbons was carried out using quantum chemical method of calculation realized in Gaussian software. The method of calculation is DFT (Density Functional Theory), theoretical approximation is B3LYP model, 3-21G basis. The list of catalytic cracking reactions for calculation was prepared on the basis of the theoretical data about catalytic cracking, laboratory and experimental data from the industrial unit. The enthalpy and Gibbs energy values of the main catalytic cracking reactions are presented under the process conditions. The results of this work will be used to develop a kinetic model of catalytic cracking of petroleum feedstock
ОЦЕНКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
The article is concerned with the problems of measuring the development and the use of national economy’s innovation capacity. It is clear that innovation capacity of the country is the basis for technical and innovative economic development, it is a strategic resource which enables to achieve competitiveness and sustainable economic growth. Effective national policies in the field of innovation-driven development, in turn, are impossible to pursue without an adequate assessment system which will be proposed in this article.Статья посвящена исследованию проблематики оценки формирования и использования инновационного потенциала национальной экономики. Очевидно, что инновационный потенциал страны является основой технико-инновационного развития экономики, стратегическим ресурсом, обеспечивающим конкурентоспособность экономики и ее устойчивый рост. Эффективная государственная политика в области инновационного развития, в свою очередь, невозможна без адекватной системы оценивания, которая и будет предложена в данной статье
Formalization of hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking for mathematical model development
The issue of improving the energy and resource efficiency of advanced petroleum processing can be solved by the development of adequate mathematical model based on physical and chemical regularities of process reactions with a high predictive potential in the advanced petroleum refining. In this work, the development of formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking was performed using thermodynamic parameters of reaction defined by the Density Functional Theory. The list of reaction was compiled according to the results of feedstock structural-group composition definition, which was done by the n-d-m-method, the Hazelvuda method, qualitative composition of feedstock defined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and individual composition of catalytic cracking gasoline fraction. Formalized hydrocarbon conversion scheme of catalytic cracking will become the basis for the development of the catalytic cracking kinetic model
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