Binding mechanism of the model charged dye carboxyfluorescein to hyaluronan/polylysine multilayers

Biopolymer-based multilayers become more and more attractive due to the vast span of biological application they can be used for, e.g., implant coatings, cell culture supports, scaffolds. Multilayers have demonstrated superior capability to store enormous amounts of small charged molecules, such as drugs, and release them in a controlled manner; however, the binding mechanism for drug loading into the multilayers is still poorly understood. Here we focus on this mechanism using model hyaluronan/polylysine (HA/PLL) multilayers and a model charged dye, carboxyfluorescein (CF). We found that CF reaches a concentration of 13 mM in the multilayers that by far exceeds its solubility in water. The high loading is not related to the aggregation of CF in the multilayers. In the multilayers, CF molecules bind to free amino groups of PLL; however, intermolecular CF–CF interactions also play a role and (i) endow the binding with a cooperative nature and (ii) result in polyadsorption of CF molecules, as proven by fitting of the adsorption isotherm using the BET model. Analysis of CF mobility in the multilayers by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching has revealed that CF diffusion in the multilayers is likely a result of both jumping of CF molecules from one amino group to another and movement, together with a PLL chain being bound to it. We believe that this study may help in the design of tailor-made multilayers that act as advanced drug delivery platfor

Diamond-Bearing Root Beneath the Northern East European Platform (Arkhangelsk Region, Russia): Evidence from Cr-Pyrope Trace-Element Geochemistry

In this study, we reconstruct the composition and metasomatic evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the poorly-studied southern Arkhangelsk region, based on the geochemistry of 145 Cr-pyrope grains recovered from samples of modern rivers and stream sediments, to evaluate the diamond exploration potential of these territories. Based on the concentrations of Cr2O3, CaO, TiO2, and rare earth elements (REEs), the garnets are divided into four groups: (1) low-chromium lherzolitic pyropes with fractionated heavy REE patterns; (2) low- to medium-chromium pyropes of lherzolitic and megacryst associations with flat heavy REE patterns; (3) high-chromium lherzolitic pyropes with “humped” REE patterns; and (4) high-chromium and low-chromium lherzolitic and harzburgitic pyropes with sinusoidal REE patterns. The pyrope geochemistry suggests a multi-stage model for the evolution of the lithospheric mantle, including partial melting to different degrees and further metasomatic overprints by silicate and carbonatite melts. The results confirm that the lithospheric mantle beneath the study area is suitable for the formation and preservation of diamonds. The significant percentage of diamond-associated pyropes (15%) emphasizes the likelihood of high diamond contents in kimberlites to be discovered within the study area

Innovative analysis in climate change: Evidence from developed European countries

Since the turn of the 20th century, the whole world entered a period of technological singularity. It is also predicted that the pace of innovation regarding problems associated with climate change, generational change of technologies will constantly increase. This paper aims to bring an innovative product to the market regarding subsequent economical and social strategy. The methodology is based on a dynamic assessment of the development of consumer demand in the context of innovative proposals. In the article, results are obtained and the volume of investments in the development of innovations is determined, which optimizes the balance between curtailing the volume of output using the previous technology in climate change and increasing the production and sale of an innovative product in climate change. The novelty of this study is in the panel framework on the base of Model Based System Engineering (MBSE). The study concludes that MBSE are more sensitive to innovative activity. The volume of investments in the development of innovations is determined. The main result is the total profit from the demand in the consumer market for products based on old and new technologies in climate change, since reformed business processes entail significant financial costs. The above-discussed issues lead to inappropriate misleading policy recommendations. The main recommendation is using disaggregated trade data for each trading partner and industry level to conclude more accurate results and policy recommendations for each trading partner and industry in concern. Copyright 2022 Barykin, Yadykin, Badenko, Sergeev, Bezborodov, Lavskaya, Poza, Morkovkin, Shchukina, Veynberg, Rassylnikov, Svechnikova and Muyeen.The research of SB, VB, VY, SS, AB, KL is partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of World-class Research Center program: Advanced Digital Technologies (Contract Nos. 075-15-2020-934 dated 17.11.2020).Scopu