Genetska studija lipljana (thymallus thymallus) na severu evropskog dela Rusije

U ovom radu je izložen komercijalni i akvakulturni značaj porodice lipljana (Thymallidae) na teritoriji Rusije. Posebna pažnja je poklonjena genetičkim studijama ove familije, uzimajući u obzir da populacije evropskog lipljana u Rusiji još uvek nisu u dovoljnoj meri istražene. Rad zapravo predstavlja polaznu genetičku studiju evropskog lipljana u svrhu konzervacije ove vrste. Studija uključuje prikupljene uzorke od 5 jedinki evropskog lipljana (T. thymallus) iz slivova reka Severna Dvina i Kuloj, 2 sibirska lipljana (T. arcticus) iz sliva reke Ob i jednog uzorka lipljana iz gornjeg toka reke Jenisej. Analiza MtDNA je urađena koristeći 3 fragmenta gena ATP6, CR i COI. Po prvi put su dobijeni genetički podaci riba iz reke Kuloj. Od uzoraka svih riba, jedino su identifikovani haplotipovi evropskog lipljana

Adaptive landscape gardening in a metropolis

The article focuses on a solution to the quality-of-life issues, public health by using of new forms of adaptive gardening in the landscape of a large city. Reasoning and calculations of the efficiency for an alternative method of growing medicinal plants were made

State and Value of Natural Capital As the Basis for Regional Economic Decisions

The economy of the Limansky district is based on the use of natural capital, and its preservation is of paramount importance for the region. Ecological-genetic-economic studies demonstrate the need for adequate economic accounting of natural capital and the environmental factor in economic decisions related to the development of the territory and transport infrastructure of the region

Creation of Armed Forces in NATO Member States: Promising Models of Germany and Norway

Introduction. One of the key tendencies of modern international development is the growing importance of the “factor of power”. In this context, the initiated long process of the potential growth of the armed forces of the countries participating in NATO, which is of particular importance in the growth of new unconventional threats (one of the triggers of the Alliance transformation including through the strengthening of national units has become a global pandemic) is important from scientific and practical points of view. Methods and materials. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the theory of building armed forces. The basic sources for the analysis are official documents of military departments, as well as materials from related information centers, which reveal the parameters of the prospective appearance of the armed forces of the countries under study. NATO’s statistical and summit reports also occupy a special place. Analysis. The goal of the article is the research of the armed forces building processes in Germany and Norway for the future until the mid-2030s. These case countries can show the tendencies of military development of NATO European member states in the whole taking into account the differences between Germany and Norway in terms of the geographical location, the population as the main human resource of the armed forces, as well as the transformation of leadership and dynamics of relations between the “historical West” and the Russian Federation, which allows us to characterize the overall trends in the military and political development of European NATO member states. Results. It is proved that the growth of military potential is based on two main groups of reasons. The first is due to the strategic deterioration of relations between the West and Russia since the mid-2010s. The second is that the armed forces of the European member States of NATO have reached the “bottom” position in terms of almost all quantitative parameters. The continuing trend of decreasing numerical indicators (people and technology) threatens to reduce the role of the state on the world stage. Therefore, it is natural to see Germany’s desire to become a “framework nation” in the recruitment of NATO rotation groups in Europe, as well as in the deployment of peacebuilding and peacekeeping missions outside the area of responsibility of the Alliance, which inevitably leads to a large-scale increase in the number of armed forces and the cost of their modernization. In the case of Norway the transformation of the armed forces occurs in the conditions of refusal to increase included human resources and enhance the value of the military presence of NATO partners (primarily the US) first of all in the process of reorganizing the national system of territorial defense. In both cases, there are still tendencies to transform the role of the US in Europe and to consolidate the confrontation with the Russian Federation

Developmental Changes in the Inhibition of Glycinergic Synaptic Currents by Niflumic Acid in Hypoglossal Motoneurons

Mammalian brainstem hypoglossal motoneurones (HMs) receive powerful synaptic glycinergic inputs and are involved in a variety of motor functions, including respiration, chewing, sucking, swallowing, and phonation. During the early postnatal development, subunit composition of chloride-permeable glycine receptors (GlyRs) changes leading to a decrease of “fetal” alpha2 and elevation of “adult” alpha1 GlyR subunits. It has been recently demonstrated that niflumic acid (NFA), a member of the fenamate class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is an efficient subunits-specific blocker of GlyRs. At a heterologous expression of different GlyR subunits it has been shown that blocking potency of NFA is more than one order higher for alpha2 GlyRs than for receptors formed by alpha1 subunit. To reveal the action of NFA on the synaptic activity we analyzed here the effects of NFA on the glycinergic inhibitory post-synaptic currents in the HMs from mouse brainstem slices. In the whole-cell patch clamp configuration, the amplitude and the frequency of glycinergic synaptic currents from two age groups have been analyzed: “neonate” (P2–P4) and “juvenile” (P7–P12). Addition of NFA in the presence of antagonists of glutamate and GABA receptors caused a decrease in the mean amplitude and frequency of synaptic events. The degree of the inhibition induced by NFA decreased with the postnatal development, being higher on the motoneurons from “neonate” brainstem slices in comparison with the “juvenile” age group. Analysis of the pair-pulse facilitation suggests the post-synaptic origin of NFA action. These observations provide evidence on the developmental changes in the inhibition by NFA of glycinergic synaptic transmission, which reflects increase in the alpha1 and decrease in the alpha2 GlyR subunits expression in synapses to hypoglossal motoneurons during the early stages of postnatal life

Round table technology in university educational process

The process of building students' competence must meet modern requirements and include the use of innovative technologies. The development trends of modern society have led to the emergence of a competency-based approach in vocational education. In the process of building professional competence, it is necessary to use technologies that meet the requirements of the Federal state educational standards which contribute to the development of practical focus of training. Among such technologies we single out technologies for holding a round table. The technologies of the round table are not new, but due to combination with various innovative technologies, they become more relevant. The implementation of the round table in the training of vocational education teachers is a discussion process that speculates about a relevant topic requiring a comprehensive analysis. Modern conditions provide arrangements of round tables with their own specifics. The purpose of the article is to identify the effectiveness of holding round tables in students’ preparation in higher educational institutions. The article presents basic principles on which the technology of the round table is based, its ideas and essence, as well as the features of its holding. A study conducted at a pedagogical university during the training of vocational education teachers is presented. It showed the need for implementing round-table technologies in preparing students for future professional activities, as the ones allowing students to build effective discussions, negotiate based on arguments and facts. We have identified the effectiveness of the "round tables" in the training of students in higher educational institutions. The study made it possible to establish the level of students’ preparedness for conducting effective discussions for the implementation of future professional activities in secondary vocational educational institutions. The technology of the round table allows to increase the knowledge level of students. The results can be used in students’ training in various faculties

Action of the Photochrome Glyght on GABAergic Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Brain Slices

Glyght is a new photochromic compound described as an effective modulator of glycine receptors at heterologous expression, in brain slices and in zebrafish larvae. Glyght also caused weak inhibition of GABAA-mediated currents in a cell line expressing α1/β2/γ2 GABAA receptors. However, the effects of Glyght on GABAergic transmission in the brain have not been analysed, which does not allow a sufficiently comprehensive assessment of the effects of the compound on the nervous system. Therefore, in this study using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we analysed the Glyght (100 µM) action on evoked GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) in mice hippocampal slices. Two populations of cells were found: the first responded by reducing the GABAergic eIPSCs’ amplitude, whereas the second showed no sensitivity to the compound. Glyght did not affect the ionic currents’ amplitude induced by GABA application, suggesting the absence of action on postsynaptic GABA receptors. Additionally, Glyght had no impact on the paired-pulse modulation of GABAergic eIPSCs, indicating that Glyght does not modulate the neurotransmitter release mechanisms. In the presence of strychnine, an antagonist of glycine receptors, the Glyght effect on GABAergic synaptic transmission was absent. Our results suggest that Glyght can modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission via action on extrasynaptic glycine receptors

The effectiveness of using lipid- and water-soluble analogues of vitamin E as antioxidant protectors for cryopreservation of sperm of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)

The aim of the research was to comparative study the effectiveness of synthetic antioxidants – lipid-soluble (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) and water–soluble (trolox) analogues of vitamin E for the cryopreservation of Russian sturgeon and sterlet sperm in the presence of the modified Stein’s medium. The ability of phenolic antioxidants to reduce the level of lipid peroxidation of sturgeon sperm, beneficial effect on the motility of thawed sperm has been shown. The addition of lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants to a basic cryomedim increased the fertilization rate of Russian sturgeon and sterlet sperm cells about 10% compared to the control experiment. The insignificant protective effect of these antioxidants presumably is explained by the use of a cryogenic medium with additive of toxic DMSO, therefore, it is necessary to develop a new composition of the cryo-medium with a minimum concentration of DMSO

Acoustic-mechanical effect on the sperm of sturgeon fish using piezoactuators

To improve the quality of the frozen material during cryopreservation, scientists apply various effects on cells: mechanical, chemical or physical. In this work we use acoustic-mechanical effects on cells before cryopreservation. As a result of the studies, the optimal parameters of the impact of the piezoactuator were selected to improve the quality of defrosted reproductive cells of male sturgeons. The object of research was the sperm of the Russian sturgeon. The progressive motility time of native spermatozoa posure time (0.5 min; 1 min, 1.5 min) and frequency (300 Hz, 500 Hz, 550 Hz) were used. Analysis of the motility of thawed sperm showed that the best result in terms of the percentage of sperm motility was obtained when using a frequency of 500 Hz for 1 minute (27%). At the same time, the best indicator of sperm motility time was given by using a frequency of 300 Hz for 1 minute (390 s)

New supplementary feeds for sterlet in industrial cultivation

An increasingly significant deficit of fish meal necessary for the production of quality fish feed requires the use of new components characterised by high levels of protein and fat. This article presents the results of a feed supplements study with a protein component based on soldier fly and probiotics. The study of fish-biological parameters of fish revealed that the absolute and average daily gain in the variant with feed KV54 + soldier fly is higher by 40.9 %, the mass accumulation ratio by 33.3 %, compared with the control variant, with survival rate of 100 %. Feeding coefficient in the experiment variant KV54+soldier fly is lower compared to the control by 1.3 units, i.e. by 34 %. The physiological and biochemical parameters of fish blood were within the normal range for fish from a natural reservoir