Luther\u27s Principals of Education

The title of the research is \u27\u27Luther’s Principles of Education.” The problem was to learn what the basic educational principles of Luther were. Through general reading, the writer had come to look upon Luther as a great educator as well as religious reformer. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to gather enough data on Luther’s educational views as to be able to draw specific conclusions as to his over-all principles. After the data were gathered, the writer arranged these views under headings of major principles in a systematic manner

Luther\u27s Principals of Education

The title of the research is \u27\u27Luther’s Principles of Education.” The problem was to learn what the basic educational principles of Luther were. Through general reading, the writer had come to look upon Luther as a great educator as well as religious reformer. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to gather enough data on Luther’s educational views as to be able to draw specific conclusions as to his over-all principles. After the data were gathered, the writer arranged these views under headings of major principles in a systematic manner

Agriculture's Role in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Examines technical, economic, and policy trends. Explores efforts to encourage farmers to adopt new agricultural practices that reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Reviews biofuel options, and related policy implications

Bank Cards and Ways to Improve Their Services

This article describes bank cards, their essence, types, services, payment systems created by banks and the experience of foreign countries in this area. It also explains the overdraft service, the content and benefits of credit cards, and suggests areas for their further development

Study of the Dependences of Specific Energy Consumption on the Elements of the Cutting Mode as an Informative Parameter of the Cutting Process

The article considers the issues of using the dependence of specific energy consumption on the elements of the cutting mode as an informative parameter of the metal cutting process when creating high-performance technologies in automated production

Problems of Control and Diagnostics of a Cutting Tool Using a Vibroacoustic Signal

The article deals with the problems of obtaining a vibroacoustic signal as an informative parameter for monitoring and diagnosing a cutting tool when creating high-performance technologies in automated production

Exploring the Multifaceted Nature of Complex Syntactic Units in Linguistic Texts

This research delves into the intricate realm of complex syntactic units, emphasizing their role as pivotal linguistic and methodological entities. By intertwining the planes of expression and content, the study underscores the structural and semantic markers that define these units. A comprehensive review of existing literature on the subject reveals the depth and breadth of understanding surrounding complex syntactic units. The paper further highlights the primary characteristics of these units, emphasizing their role in bridging individual sentences and facilitating coherent communication. Special focus is given to the concluding sentences within these units, which play a crucial role in connecting and contextualizing disparate sentences

Automated analysis of 15N and 14C in biological samples

Includes bibliographical references (page 947).An automated method for the simultaneous analysis of total N, total C, 15N and 14C in small plant and soil samples is described. A commercial C-N analyser - continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (ANCA-MS) has been extended to also measure CO2 and collect 14CO2 produced by sample combustion. Samples containing 20 - 200 μg N and up to 5 mg C can be analysed directly with no sample preparation other than drying and fine grinding. The precision of total elemental analysis is comparable to that by conventional methods. The average standard deviation of 15N analyses of plant material at natural abundance was ±1 ‰. This is accurate enough for all 15N studies except those using natural abundance and possibly long term studies of soil organic matter. Recovery of 14C in test samples was 100%. The instrument can be operated by graduate students under supervision and operating costs are primarily for sample cups, combustion catalyst and quartz tubes

Mineralizable soil nitrogen: amounts and extractability ratios

Includes bibliographical references (page 80).Studies were conducted on a 15N-labeled Weirdale loam, a Dark Gray Chernozemic soil (Boralfic Boroll) to (i) determine the amounts of N released by several methods previously used to obtain an estimate of potentially mineralizable N, (ii) determine their 15N enrichment and extractability ratios, and (iii) compare the results from the above with the N mineralized during incubation and NH+4 released by the chloroform fumigation incubation technique. The NH+4-N accumulated during 10 d in fumigated soils accounted for ∼1% of total N, was highly labeled, and had extractability ratios of 6.6 to 7.4. These ratios were similar to ones obtained for N mineralized during incubation of unfumigated soils. Ammonium-N extracted with dilute acidic permanganate solution (0.01M KMnO4 in 0.1 or 0.5M H2SO4) accounted for 0.72 to 0.84% of total N and had extractability ratios ranging from 3.4 to 3.9. A stronger solution of acidic permanganate extracted more N that was less enriched. Dilute sulfuric acid extracted NH+4 and organic N that had extractability ratios of < 3. Ammonium-N released by autoclaving the soil accounted for ∼1% of total N and had extractability ratios ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. Acid hydrolysis showed that 72% of total N was hydrolyzable, 32% was amino acid-N and 20% was NH+4 released on hydrolysis. The extractability ratio for NH+4 released on hydrolysis was 1.7 and was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than extractability ratios of hydrolyzable N and amino acid-N. The similarity and high extractability ratios of NH+4 released after fumigation and NO-3-N accumulating during aerobic incubation indicated that the fumigation extracted a biologically meaningful fraction. The biomass was responsible for only 15 to 25% of the net N mineralized during a 12-week incubation. Results indicated that (i) extraction of a highly labeled N pool in soil can only partly explain the source of N being mineralized, (ii) N is mineralized from several pools, and (iii) there is a remote possibility that a single extractant can extract the variety of N compounds undergoing mineralization and immobilization in soil