Efficacy of phenothiazine in the treatment of sheep for control of internal parasites

"February, 1946."Treating ewes once in December and once the following March with a full dose of liquid phenothiazine and every 28 days thereafter with 1 1/2 per cent copper sulphate until the following December did not control nodular worm infestation even though at the beginning of the experiment the sheep were placed upon clean pasture.Treating sheep with liquid phenothiazine every four weeks from December to March (giving a total of four treatments) and then giving them 1 1/2 per cent copper sulphate every 28 days did not control nodular worm infestations. The 1 1/2 per cent copper sulphate solution was found very satisfactory in keeping the lambs free from Haemonchus contortus. Treating sheep with liquid phenothiazine every four weeks from December to early April and then allowing them access to pheno-thiazine-salt mixture (1 part phenothiazine to 10 parts salt) was very satisfactory in controlling nodular worm infestation. This method of handling sheep held the Haemonchus contortus infestation down to an average of about 19 per lamb. This same method of handling did not satisfactorily control ostertagia, nematodirus, cooperia or tapeworms. Whipworm counts were not materially different in any of the three experiments. Average weight of the lambs was very much higher in Experiment III when the sheep had access to phenothiazine and salt mixture than it was in Experiments I and II. Phenothiazine has not been found toxic to sheep either in a 1 to10 phenothiazine-salt mixture or when the medicine has been given as a drench every 28 days throughout the entire year. The use of phenothiazine has not interfered with breeding efficiency. Worm egg counts by the flotation method have not contributed any aid in this study, but would be useful in sheep infested with only one species of parasite or with species that can be definitely identified by microscopic examination alone

Certain Canine Weakly β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically and Genotypically Related to Spirochetes Associated with Human and Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis

Four canine weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (IS-associated WBHIS) were compared with IS-associated human and porcine WBHIS and the type species for Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. The IS-associated canine, human, and porcine WBHIS belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described Serpulina type species

Temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering fine structure in equiatomic CuAu

The temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering fine structure from disordered equiatomic CuAu was studied using {\it in situ} x-ray scattering. In contrast to Cu$_3$Au the diffuse peak splitting in CuAu was found to be relatively insensitive to temperature. Consequently, no evidence for a divergence of the antiphase length-scale at the transition temperature was found. At all temperatures studied the peak splitting is smaller than the value corresponding to the CuAuII modulated phase. An extended Ginzburg-Landau approach is used to explain the temperature dependence of the diffuse peak profiles in the ordering and modulation directions. The estimated mean-field instability point is considerably lower than is the case for Cu$_3$Au.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Dynamics of systems with isotropic competing interactions in an external field: a Langevin approach

We study the Langevin dynamics of a ferromagnetic Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian with a competing long-range repulsive term in the presence of an external magnetic field. The model is analytically solved within the self consistent Hartree approximation for two different initial conditions: disordered or zero field cooled (ZFC), and fully magnetized or field cooled (FC). To test the predictions of the approximation we develop a suitable numerical scheme to ensure the isotropic nature of the interactions. Both the analytical approach and the numerical simulations of two-dimensional finite systems confirm a simple aging scenario at zero temperature and zero field. At zero temperature a critical field $h_c$ is found below which the initial conditions are relevant for the long time dynamics of the system. For $h < h_c$ a logarithmic growth of modulated domains is found in the numerical simulations but this behavior is not captured by the analytical approach which predicts a $t^1/2$ growth law at $T = 0$

Transformation kinetics of alloys under non-isothermal conditions

The overall solid-to-solid phase transformation kinetics under non-isothermal conditions has been modeled by means of a differential equation method. The method requires provisions for expressions of the fraction of the transformed phase in equilibrium condition and the relaxation time for transition as functions of temperature. The thermal history is an input to the model. We have used the method to calculate the time/temperature variation of the volume fraction of the favored phase in the alpha-to-beta transition in a zirconium alloy under heating and cooling, in agreement with experimental results. We also present a formulation that accounts for both additive and non-additive phase transformation processes. Moreover, a method based on the concept of path integral, which considers all the possible paths in thermal histories to reach the final state, is suggested.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. En

Re-evaluation of the diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda in Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort

OBJECTIVES: Two biographies of Admiral Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) have stated that, aged 20-25 years, he suffered from porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) that was 'cured' following severe blood loss during a naval skirmish. We have examined the evidence concerning the nature of his skin disease.  DESIGN: Primary records, most notably Beaufort's correspondence with his family, his journals and his father's diaries were sought out and analysed.  SETTING: This case report is discussed in the context of 18th-century naval medicine and concepts and treatment of skin disease.  RESULTS: The description of his lesions, their age of onset, their progression and response to treatment, particularly topical tar and associated features are quite inconsistent with a diagnosis of PCT. His mother, Mary Waller Beaufort (1739-1821), consulted Dr Robert Darwin in 1803 about a painful skin disease affecting her legs. Detailed description of the lesions and a contemporary diagnosis are not available but possible diagnoses include chronic psoriasis and stasis eczema.  CONCLUSIONS: A more tenable diagnosis is that Francis Beaufort had chronic plaque psoriasis remitted by bed rest and convalescence in the sunny Mediterranean climate with cessation of alcohol consumption and improved nutrition as well as topical and oral medications

Internally Electrodynamic Particle Model: Its Experimental Basis and Its Predictions

The internally electrodynamic (IED) particle model was derived based on overall experimental observations, with the IED process itself being built directly on three experimental facts, a) electric charges present with all material particles, b) an accelerated charge generates electromagnetic waves according to Maxwell's equations and Planck energy equation and c) source motion produces Doppler effect. A set of well-known basic particle equations and properties become predictable based on first principles solutions for the IED process; several key solutions achieved are outlined, including the de Broglie phase wave, de Broglie relations, Schr\"odinger equation, mass, Einstein mass-energy relation, Newton's law of gravity, single particle self interference, and electromagnetic radiation and absorption; these equations and properties have long been broadly experimentally validated or demonstrated. A specific solution also predicts the Doebner-Goldin equation which emerges to represent a form of long-sought quantum wave equation including gravity. A critical review of the key experiments is given which suggests that the IED process underlies the basic particle equations and properties not just sufficiently but also necessarily.Comment: Presentation at the 27th Int Colloq on Group Theo Meth in Phys, 200

Student Engagement in Adolescence : A Scoping Review of Longitudinal Studies 2010-2020

We systematically mapped and analyzed the longitudinal research on adolescent student engagement published during 2010-2020. A total of 104 studies of 104,304 adolescents met inclusion criteria. Studies were mainly conducted in North America (43%) or Europe (34%). Over half studied engagement across one or more years. Most studies (93%) focused on antecedents of engagement rather than outcomes of engagement (38%). Data were commonly collected using self-report questionnaires (87%) and analyzed using path, growth, and cross-lagged models. Studies mainly examined engagement in classroom activities, school, or schoolwork; and focused on behavioral engagement (70%), followed by emotional (61%), then cognitive engagement (35%). No studies used a specific theory of engagement development, but instead referred to self-determination, ecological systems, and stage-environment fit theories.Peer reviewe