Evolucion de las habilidades y la estructura ocupacional: un estudio del sector de I+D

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio del sector de servicios de I+D por su importancia actual, contextualizado en Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) debido a los antecedentes históricos del sector, y porque éste ha sido un país pionero en el desarrollo de este tipo de servicios. Analizamos la estructura ocupacional a partir del nivel de empleo, los requisitos de formación y las habilidades requeridas a los empleados para trabajar en cada una de las ocupaciones del sector. En concreto, el objetivo principal de este artículo consiste en identificar patrones de ocupaciones en el sector de I+D, a partir de la intensidad del uso de habilidades y la formación necesaria para cada ocupación, durante el período 2002-2011. Para ello, un objetivo secundario es clasificar las diferentes habilidades y su dinámica en las ocupaciones del sector, respecto a su función en los procesos de generación y transmisión de conocimiento.Peer Reviewe

Strategic adjustment between innovation and production: Generation of integrated archetypes in Spanish service firms

This paper investigates empirically the strategic alignment between innovation and production strategies in a sample of service firms in Spain. It employs the integrated archetypes approach to analyse a dataset of unique, manually collected, firm responses. The results highlight differences in behaviour patterns underpinning both kinds of strategic decisions and, coherent with alignment theory, differential firm performance

Hacia un modelo teórico explicativo de la innovación en los distritos de turismo cultural

This paper presents a theoretical model that analyses the direct effect of social capital on innovation, as well as the mediating effect of acquisition of knowledge between both variables in firms in a cultural tourist district. We analyse the bidimensional nature of social capital —bonded capital and bridging capital—. It is an approach to the context and characteristics of cultural tourist districts. We point out several future investigation lines related to the differentiation between types of knowledge and innovation. We propose recommendations about the orientation of relations between companies and institutions of cultural tourist districts.En este trabajo se plantea un modelo teórico que analiza el efecto directo, y mediado por la adquisición de conocimiento, del capital social sobre la innovación desarrollada por las empresas pertenecientes a un distrito turístico cultural. Se analiza el carácter bidimensional del capital social —bonded capital y bridging capital—. Se realiza una aproximación al contexto y las caracteristicas de los distritos turísticos culturales. Se establecen diversas líneas futuras de trabajo vinculadas a la diferenciación entre tipos de conocimiento y de innovación. Se proponen recomendaciones sobre la orientación de las relaciones entre las empresas y con las instituciones de los distritos turísticos culturales

Relaciones interorganizativas, estrategia de conocimiento e innovación en los clusters de turismo cultural

The paper aims to identify the knowledge strategy (KS) developed by the firms belonging to tourism cluster according to their inter-organizational relationships and hence to analyse the impact on innovation. The empirical study is conducted on a sample of 215 firms located in UNESCO World Heritage Cities in Spain (WHCS). The methodology is based on both factor analysis and conglomerates analysis. The findings show that firms with high levels of both bonding and bridging capital carry out activities of exploration and also exploration of knowledge through an ambidextrous strategy. On the contrary, firms with scarceness of links (low levels of bonding and bringing capital) perform few activities of knowledge exploration and exploitation. On the other hand, firms that have high levels of bonding or bridging capital generally implement a punctuated equilibrium strategy. Finally, we prove that firms with an ambidexterity KS exhibit better innovation performance.El objetivo del trabajo consiste en identificar la estrategia de conocimiento seguida por las empresas pertenecientes a un clúster turístico en función de relaciones interorganizativas y determinar su impacto en la innovación. El estudio empírico se realiza sobre una muestra de 215 empresas localizadas en las Ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad de España. La metodología está basada en análisis factorial y de conglomerados. Los resultados indican que aquellas empresas que poseen elevados niveles de "bonding" y "bridging" capital desarrollan actividades tanto de explotación como de exploración de conocimiento a través de una estrategia ambidiestra. Por el contrario, las empresas con escasos vínculos (bajos niveles de "bonding" y "bridging" capital) desarrollan escasas actividades de explotación y exploración de conocimiento. Por otro lado, las empresas que tienen altos niveles de "bonding" o "bridging" capital llevan a cabo una estrategia de equilibrio puntuado. Finalmente, comprobamos que las empresas que desarrollan una estrategia de conocimiento ambidiestra presentan mayor nivel de innovación.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Implantación de ECTS en administración y dirección de empresas : comparación de resultados entre materias de primer y último curso

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio empírico en el cual se comparan los resultados obtenidos entre asignaturas iniciales y finales de la Licenciatura de Administración y Dirección de Empresas; utilizando metodologías de aprendizaje activo para la implantación del ECTS, los aspectos analizados son el diseño y utilidad de las Guías Docentes, el nivel de satisfacción con las técnicas docentes y el desarrollo de las asignaturas, la valoración de la mejora de competencias, el nivel de esfuerzo desarrollado y la satisfacción con los resultados obtenidos. El análisis realizado permite establecer un perfil diferenciado entre los alumnos de primer y último curso en la forma de percibir y afrontar la implantación del ECTS, así como en la satisfacción con los resultados obtenidos.______________________________This paper presents findings from an empirical study which compares students' performance among courses at the beginning and the end of Business Studies and Economics. It uses active learning methodology for the implantation of ECTS (European Credits Transfer System). The factors under analysis are design and usefulness of the students'guide; satisfaction with teaching techniques and development of subjects; evaluation of competence improvement; effort level and overall students'satisfaction. This analysis allows establishing a differentprofile between students of the first and the last course in relation to how they perceive and confront the introduction of ECTS, as well as their satisfaction with overall performance

An analysis of the knowledge base of scientific research & development business services

Trabajo presentado a la 35th DRUID Celebration Conference on Innovation, Strategy and Entrepreneurship celebrada en Barcelona (España) del 17 al 19 de Junio de 2013.It is argued that the literature on SR&D outsourcing focuses mostly on client firms, that is, the demand side, while little is known of the characteristics of the supplying sector. The present paper tackles this gap by elaborating an exploratory analysis of this business service sector with a view to analyse the main patterns of specialization and their evolution over time. Using data on job content and skill requirements in the United States we elaborate a knowledge taxonomy of the sector, and explore how different forms of knowledge co-exist and co-evolve.Peer Reviewe

Variety in the Knowledge base of knowledge intensive business sectors

25 páginas, 4 tablas, 1 figuraKnowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are intermediary firms which specialize in knowledge screening, assessment and evaluation, and trade professional consultancy services. The remarkable rise of this broad class of activities is perceived by many as the natural by-product of modern knowledge economies within which increasing specialisation induces the need for professional agents in the markets for external knowledge. This paper addresses critically a conceptual flaw in the specialised literature which portrays KIBS as a homogeneous group of activities. Using official data on occupational information in the United States we observe and analyse high variety across KIBS sectors’ occupational structures and skill requirements.European Community (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008-235278)Davide Consoli acknowledges financial support from the European Community (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008-235278).Peer reviewe

The evolution of the knowledge base in professional service sectors

36 p., 3 tables, 3 figures, 2 appendix and referencesThe objective of this paper is to capture the extent of sectoral heterogeneity across Professional Service sectors. It is argued that ongoing scholarly disputes on their boundaries within the geography of industry have lost sight of the intrinsic diversity that characterizes these activities. The present study connects this cue to research on sectoral patterns and elaborates an empirical analysis of employment structures and the associated skill bases of professional service sectors. Through this focus we are able to frame the emergence of cross-sectoral variety in the context of evolving specialization.Peer reviewe

The Evolving Knowledge base of Professional Service sectors

[EN] The objective of the paper is to analyse the degree of heterogeneity across Professional Service sectors. While previous research concentrates on the criteria of industrial classification of these sectors, we propose an empirical analysis of employment structures and the associated skill bases. By shifting the focus from sectoral ‘boundaries’ to sectoral ‘structures’ we are able to appreciate under a novel perspective the emergence and evolution of specialization patterns.We would like to thank the administrators of the National Center for O*NET Development for making data available. We thank participants at the 6th Iberian International Business Conference (Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain) and at the Stan Metcalfe Festschrift (University of Manchester, England) for comments on a preliminary version of this manuscript. The remarks by Stan Metcalfe, Peter Allen, Cristiano Antonelli, Franco Malerba, Franco Montobbio, Pier Paolo Saviotti and Ulrich Witt are gratefully acknowledged. D. Consoli acknowledges financial support from the European Community (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF2008-235278). The usual caveats apply.Consoli, D.; Elche-Hortelano, D. (2013). The Evolving Knowledge base of Professional Service sectors. Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 23(2):477-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-012-0277-1S477501232Abbott A (1988) The system of professions: an essay on the division of expert labor. University of Chicago Press, ChicagoAcemoglu D, Aghion P, Zilibotti F (2006) Distance to frontier, selection, and economic growth. J Eur Econ Assoc 4(1):37–74, 03Amara N, Landry R, Doloreux D (2009) Patterns of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services. 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Econ J 99:569–596Collins R (1990) Changing conceptions of the sociology of the professions. In: Torstendahl R, Burrage M (eds) The formation of professions: knowledge, state and strategy. Sage, London, pp 11–23Consoli D (2007) Services and systemic innovation: a cross-sectoral perspective. J Inst Econ 3(1):71–89Consoli D, Elche-Hortelano D (2010) Variety in the knowledge base of knowledge intensive business services. Res Policy 39(10):1303–1310Corrocher N, Cusmano L, Morrison A (2009) Modes of innovation in knowledge-intensive business services evidence from Lombardy. J Evol Econ 19(2):173–196Crompton R, Jones G (1984) White-collar proletariat. Macmillan, LondonDavid PA (2000) Path dependence, its critics and the quest for ‘historical economics’. In: Garrouste P, Ioannides S (eds) Evolution and path dependence in economic ideas: past and present. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, EnglandDen Hertog P (2000) Knowledge-intensive business services as co-producers of innovation. 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An analysis of the knowledge base of scientific research and development business services

It is argued that the literature on scientific research and development outsourcing focuses mostly on client firms, that is, the demand side, while little is known of the characteristics of the supplying sector. The present paper tackles this gap by elaborating an exploratory analysis of this business service sector with a view to analyze the main patterns of specialization and their evolution over time. Using data on job content and skill requirements in the United States, we elaborate a knowledge taxonomy of the sector and explore how different forms of knowledge coexist and coevolve. © 2014 RADMA and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Peer Reviewe