Vapor-Phase Atomic-Controllable Growth of Amorphous Li₂S for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold great promise to meet the formidable energy storage requirements of future electrical vehicles but are prohibited from practical implementation by their severe capacity fading and the risks imposed by Li metal anodes. Nanoscale Li₂S offers the possibility to overcome these challenges, but no synthetic technique exists for fine-tailoring Li₂S at the nanoscale. Herein we report a vapor-phase atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for the atomic-scale-controllable synthesis of Li₂S. Besides a comprehensive investigation of the ALD Li₂S growth mechanism, we further describe the high performance of the resulting amorphous Li₂S nanofilms as cathodes in Li–S batteries, achieving a stable capacity of ∼800 mA·h/g, nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency, and excellent rate capability. Nanoscale Li₂S holds great potential for both bulk-type and thin-film high-energy Li–S batteries

Prospecting for Diverse Igneous Rock Types on Mars: PIXL on "Black Beauty" NWA 7533

Measurements of elemental chemistry are fundamental for exploring geology Almost every mars surface mission has had this capability But previous instruments have not been able to accurately correlate chemistry with texture

Atomic Layer Deposition of Gallium Sulfide Films Using Hexakis(dimethylamido)digallium and Hydrogen Sulfide

Gallium sulfide (GaS_<i>x</i>) was synthesized for the first time via atomic layer deposition (ALD), using hexakis­(dimethylamido)­digallium and hydrogen sulfide. The growth characteristics and surface reaction mechanism for the GaS_<i>x</i> ALD were investigated using in situ quartz crystal microbalance, quadrupole mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The as-deposited films were analyzed for their surface morphology, elemental stoichiometry, chemical states and stability, and crystallinity, using a variety of characterization techniques. These measurements revealed that the GaS_<i>x</i> growth was self-limiting in the temperature range of 125–225 °C and the growth per cycle decreased linearly with increasing temperature, from ∼1.0 Å/cycle at 125 °C to ∼0.5 Å/cycle at 225 °C. The S/Ga ratio was between 1.0 and 1.2 in the temperature range of 125–200 °C, but decreased to 0.75 at 225 °C. The GaS_<i>x</i> films were amorphous and the refractive index increased from ∼1.8 to 2.5 with increasing temperature. Significantly, electrochemical testing showed that the ALD GaS_<i>x</i> is a promising lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode material, exhibiting reliable cyclability and a high specific capacity of 770 mAh/g at a current density of 320 mA/g in the voltage window of 0.01–2.00 V

Self-Reported Versus Performance-Based Assessments of a Simple Mobility Task Among Older Adults in the Emergency Department

BACKGROUND: Accurate information about the mobility of independently-living older adults is essential in determining whether they may be safely discharged home from the emergency department (ED). We assessed the accuracy of self-reported ability to complete a simple mobility task among older ED patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of cognitively intact patients aged 65 years and older who were neither nursing home residents nor critically ill conducted in two academic EDs. Consenting participants were asked whether they could get out of bed, walk 10 feet, turn around, and get back in bed without assistance, and if not, whether they could perform this task with a cane, walker, or human assistance. Each participant was then asked to perform the task and was provided with a mobility device or human assistance as needed. RESULTS: Of 272 patients who met eligibility criteria and answered the physical task question, 161 (59%) said they could do the task unassisted, 45 (17%) said they could do it with a cane or walker, 21 (8%) said they could do it with human assistance, and 45 (17%) said they would be unable to do it even with human assistance. Among those who said they could do the task either with or without assistance and who were subsequently willing to attempt the task (N=172), discrepancies between self-reported ability and actual performance were common. Of those who said they could perform the task without assistance, 12% required some assistance or were unable to complete the task. Of those who said they could perform the task with a cane or walker, 48% required either human assistance or were unable to perform the task. Of those who said they could perform the task with human assistance, 24% were unable to perform the task even with human assistance. CONCLUSION: In this sample of older adults receiving care in the ED, the accuracy of their self-reported ability to perform a simple mobility task was poor, particularly for those who reported some need for assistance. For older adults being considered for discharge who report a need for assistance with mobility, direct observation of the patient’s mobility by a member of the emergency care team should be considered

Experimental Validation of Cryobot Thermal Models for the Exploration of Ocean Worlds

The tables in this repository represent the data used in the figures and analyses of the paper "Experimental Validation of Cryobot Thermal Models for the Exploration of Ocean Worlds", published in the Planetary Science Journal. The provided data was collected between 2020 and 2022.Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract (80NM0018D0004) with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and with funding from a NASA Scientific Exploration Subsurface Access Mechanism for Europa (SESAME) grant (80NM0018F0560). Work at the University of Washington was carried out under the same SESAME grant (80NM0018F0560). Work at Stone Aerospace and MIT was carried out under a separate NASA SESAME grant (80NSSC19K0612), as well as under the MIT TVML Fellowship