Autoeficácia, motivação e desempenho acadêmico de alunos durante à modalidade de aprendizagem flexível

Self-Efficacy is the belief that a person is capable of achieving a specific goal or performing a particular task while motivation represents the foundation for success in all activities that an individual engages in. This study aimed to determine the correlations between self-efficacy, motivation and academic performance of 862 students. Using spearman’s rho, results revealed that self-efficacy and motivation go along together for all students with different specializations. Most of the students’ grades are not directly affected by the motivation and self-efficacy. Responses of students for most of the challenges they encountered during the flexible learning mode are limited home setup for activities that require actual performances followed by the distraction they get from social media. Results of this study reveals that even during the pandemic, the students have positive outlook in life, but grades are not dependent on their self-efficacy and motivations.La autoeficacia es la creencia de que una persona es capaz de lograr una meta específica o realizar una tarea específica, mientras que la motivación representa la base para el éxito en todas las actividades en las que se involucra un individuo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las correlaciones entre la autoeficacia, la motivación y el rendimiento académico de 862 estudiantes. Utilizando la rho de Spearman, los resultados revelaron que la autoeficacia y la motivación van de la mano para todos los estudiantes de diferentes carreras. La mayoría de las calificaciones de los estudiantes no se ven afectadas directamente por la motivación y la autoeficacia. Las respuestas de los estudiantes a la mayoría de los desafíos que encontraron durante el modo de aprendizaje flexible se limitan al entorno del hogar para actividades que requieren un desempeño real, seguido de la distracción que obtienen de las redes sociales. Los resultados de este estudio revelan que, incluso durante la pandemia, los estudiantes tienen una visión positiva de la vida, pero las calificaciones no dependen de su autoeficacia y motivaciones.A autoeficácia é a crença de que uma pessoa é capaz de atingir um objetivo específico ou realizar uma tarefa específica, enquanto a motivação representa a base para o sucesso em todas as atividades em que um indivíduo se envolve. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as correlações entre autoeficácia, motivação e desempenho acadêmico de 862 alunos. Usando o rho de Spearman, os resultados revelaram que a autoeficácia e a motivação andam juntas para todos os alunos com diferentes especializações. A maioria das notas dos alunos não é diretamente afetada pela motivação e autoeficácia. As respostas dos alunos para a maioria dos desafios que encontraram durante o modo de aprendizagem flexível são limitadas à configuração doméstica para atividades que exigem desempenho real, seguidas pela distração que obtêm das mídias sociais. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que, mesmo durante a pandemia, os alunos têm uma visão positiva da vida, mas as notas não dependem de sua autoeficácia e motivações

Flowers from Kalanchoe pinnata are a Rich Source of T Cell-Suppressive Flavonoids:

The chemical composition and immunosuppressive potential of the flowers from Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) were investigated. We found that the aqueous flower extract was more active than the leaf extract in inhibiting murine T cell mitogenesis in vitro. Flavonoids isolated from the flower extract were identified and quantitated based on NMR and HPLC-DAD-MS analysis, respectively. Along with quercetin, four quercetin glycosyl conjugates were obtained, including quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, which are described for the first time in K. pinnata. All flavonoids inhibited murine T cell mitogenesis and IL-2 and IL-4 production without cell toxicity. This is the first report on the pharmacological activity of flowers of a Kalanchoe species, which are not used for curative purposes. Our findings show that K. pinnata flowers are a rich source of T-suppressive flavonoids that may be therapeutically useful against inflammatory diseases

Suppressive effects of Vochysia divergens aqueous leaf extract and its 5-methoxyflavone on murine macrophages and lymphocytes.

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae), popularly known as "Cambara", is a tree that is resistant to the seasonal floods in the Pantanal, and usually found in monodominant stands called "Cambarazal". The inhabitants of the Pantanal exploit this tree for medicinal uses. Infusions and decoctions of its leaves are taken as teas, particularly for the treatment of asthma, flu and diarrhea, according to the local tradition transmitted empirically through the generations. Aim of the study To evaluate the beneficial health effects related to the ethnomedicinal uses of V. divergens (Vd) by using biomonitored fractionation of an aqueous leaf extract. Materials and methods The aqueous leaf extract was obtained by decoction, and then the extract was fractionated by a combination of separation techniques including precipitation, organic partition and chromatography. Chromatographic analyses of the active samples were carried out using HPLC-DAD-MS. Flavonoid 1 was isolated from the n-BuOH fraction through classic chromatographic techniques. The inhibitory effects and cytotoxicity of the Vd extract, fractions and flavonoid 1 on NO and TNF-α production were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures. Additionally, suppression on the proliferation of BALB/c lymphocytes was estimated by [3H] thymidine incorporation. The antioxidant activity of the samples was verified by SNP and DPPH assays and the suppression of the iNOS protein expression was evaluated through Western blotting. Results The HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the Vd extract led to the identification of 5-methoxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (4) and the tannin galloyl-HHDP-glucopyranoside (3), besides the main flavonoid 3′,5-dimethoxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), which was biologically evaluated in comparison with luteolin aglycone. The Vd extract, n-BuOH fraction and flavonoid 1 inhibited NO and TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated macrophages. The reduction of NO levels was mediated mainly by suppression of the iNOS expression. In addition, both the Vd extract (IC50 13.6 µg/mL) and flavonoid 1 (IC50 19.8 µg/mL; 41.6 µM) strongly inhibited stimulated lymphocyte proliferation when compared to the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (IC50 43.8 µg/mL; 36.4 µM). The Vd extract also showed a scavenging activity toward DPPH and NO free radicals. This is the first report describing the immunomodulatory potential of V. divergens and its major flavonoid (1). Conclusion Our findings showed that the aqueous leaf extract of V. divergens and its flavonoid reduced the production of excessive pro-inflammatory markers, collaborating with the Pantanal folk medicinal tradition that recommends the tea of cambara leaves for both asthma and flu. In addition, this study contributes to the knowledge of the pharmacological properties of 5-methoxy flavones, a poorly investigated subclass of flavonoids

Genotype and Phenotype in 12 additional individuals with SATB2-Associated Syndrome

SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by alterations of the SATB2 gene. We describe the phenotype and genotype of 12 individuals with 10 unique (de novo in 11 of 11 tested) pathogenic variants (1 splice site, 5 frameshift, 3 nonsense, and 2 missense) in SATB2 and review all cases reported in the published literature caused by point alterations thus far. In the cohort here described, developmental delay (DD) with severe speech compromise, facial dysmorphism, and dental anomalies were present in all cases. We also present the third case of tibial bowing in an individual who, just as in the previous 2 individuals in the literature, also had a truncating pathogenic variant of SATB2. We explore early genotype-phenotype correlations and reaffirm the main clinical features of this recognizable syndrome: universal DD with severe speech impediment, mild facial dysmorphism, and high frequency of craniofacial anomalies, behavioral issues, and brain neuroradiographic changes. As the recently proposed surveillance guidelines for individuals with SAS are adopted by providers, further delineation of the frequency and impact of other phenotypic traits will become available. Similarly, as new cases of SAS are identified, further exploration of genotype-phenotype correlations will be possible

Correction to: Is There Enough Evidence for Osteosarcopenic Obesity as a Distinct Entity? A Critical Literature Review

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Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule

Escherichia coli is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in humans. Capsule polysaccharide has an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and the K1 capsule has been firmly established as one of the most potent capsule types in E. coli through its association with severe infections. However, little is known about its distribution, evolution and functions across the E. coli phylogeny, which is fundamental to elucidating its role in the expansion of successful lineages. Using systematic surveys of invasive E. coli isolates, we show that the K1-cps locus is present in a quarter of bloodstream infection isolates and has emerged in at least four different extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) phylogroups independently in the last 500 years. Phenotypic assessment demonstrates that K1 capsule synthesis enhances E. coli survival in human serum independent of genetic background, and that therapeutic targeting of the K1 capsule re-sensitizes E. coli from distinct genetic backgrounds to human serum. Our study highlights that assessing the evolutionary and functional properties of bacterial virulence factors at population levels is important to better monitor and predict the emergence of virulent clones, and to also inform therapies and preventive medicine to effectively control bacterial infections whilst significantly lowering antibiotic usage

The nurse in the management of materials in teaching hospitals

OBJECTIVETo present the nurse's integration within materials management of six teaching hospitals of Paraná - Brazil, and to describe the activities performed by nurses within this process.METHODA study of a qualitative approach and descriptive nature, conducted in teaching hospitals in Paraná, between June and August of 2013. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight nurses who worked in materials management; data were analyzed using content analysis.RESULTSThese showed that nurses perform ten categories of activities, distributed into four of the five steps of the materials management process.CONCLUSIONThe nurse, in performing of these activities, in addition to favoring the development of participative management, contributes to the organization, planning, and the standardization of the hospital supply process, giving greater credibility to the work with professionals who use the materials, and to the suppliers

The authors reply: Letter on: 'Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard' by Clark et al.

However, semantics aside, we think that DXA can indeed serve as a reference standard for measuring muscle mass. Obviously, CT and MRI are advanced techniques that can and have been used to obtain important information such as muscle size/volume and more recently amount and distribution of intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue. Also individual muscles can be assessed separately. However, with respect to muscle mass, the comparison of DXA with CT/MRI is rather difficult because DXA and QCT/MRI measure different physical parameters