Deep Learning for UAV Imagery Segmentation: The Detection of Elymus Athericus Spread in The Hallig Nordstrandischmoor

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesIt has been observed that Athyrics Elymus engulfs smaller species in low marsh habitats in different areas of Europe. To obtain automated segmentation of the Athurics Elymus in Hallig Nordstrandischmoor, a deep learning model based on the transfer learning technique presented in the VGG16 was implemented with a U-Net deep learning architecture and the data augmentation algorithm. In conclusion, the final results were good, and had been grouped into three levels of accuracy. These groups are also characterized by varying levels of diversity in their environments. The wildrye covers the majority of these single images, with a low percentage of other habitats in the first group with an accuracy greater than 96%. In the second group, the accuracy ranged between 91-95%, which included more elements of variation; however, wildrye was still included. Moreover, the third group, with an accuracy rate between 80-90%, did not seem to include wildrye very often, while at the same time including elements not found in the training dataset, such as surface water and dirt roads. Due to this, time and effort are significantly reduced while high accuracy is achieved

Algorithm to Automatically Detect Structure Symmetry and Apply Symmetry Concepts in Structural Analysis�

School of Civil and Environmental Engineerin

Significance of chromosome 9p status in renal cell carcinoma:a systematic review and quality of the reported studies

Defining the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using genetic tests is an evolving area. The prognostic significance of 9p status in RCC, although described in the literature, remains underutilised in clinical practice. The study explored the causes of this translational gap. A systematic review on the significance of 9p status in RCC was performed to assess its clinical applicability and impact on clinical decision-making. Medline, Embase, and other electronic searches were made for studies reporting on 9p status in RCC. We collected data on: genetic techniques, pathological parameters, clinical outcomes, and completeness of follow-up assessment. Eleven studies reporting on 1,431 patients using different genetic techniques were included. The most commonly used genetic technique for the assessment of 9p status in RCC was fluorescence in situ hybridization. Combined genomic hybridisation (CGH), microsatellite analysis, karyotyping, and sequencing were other reported techniques. Various thresholds and cut-off values were used for the diagnosis of 9p deletion in different studies. Standardization, interobserver agreement, and consensus on the interpretation of test remained poor. The studies lacked validation and had high risk of bias and poor clinical applicability as assessed by two independent reviewers using a modified quality assessment tool. Further protocol driven studies with standardised methodology including use of appropriate positive and negative controls, assessment of interobserver variations, and evidenced based follow-up protocols are needed to clarify the role of 9p status in predicting oncological outcomes in renal cell cancer

Chromosome 9p deletion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts recurrence and survival following surgery

BACKGROUND: Wider clinical applications of 9p status in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are limited owing to the lack of validation and consensus for interphase fluorescent in situ hybridisation (I-FISH) scoring technique. The aim of this study was to analytically validate the applicability of I-FISH in assessing 9p deletion in ccRCC and to clinically assess its long-term prognostic impact following surgical excision of ccRCC. METHODS: Tissue microarrays were constructed from 108 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumour paraffin blocks. Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis was undertaken based on preset criteria by two independent observers to assess interobserver variability. 9p status in ccRCC tumours was determined and correlated to clinicopathological variables, recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival. RESULTS: There were 80 ccRCCs with valid 9p scoring and a median follow-up of 95 months. Kappa statistic for interobserver variability was 0.71 (good agreement). 9p deletion was detected in 44% of ccRCCs. 9p loss was associated with higher stage, larger tumours, necrosis, microvascular and renal vein invasion, and higher SSIGN (stage, size, grade and necrosis) score. Patients with 9p-deleted ccRCC were at a higher risk of recurrence (P=0.008) and RCC-specific mortality (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, 9p deletion was an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio 4.323; P=0.021) and RCC-specific mortality (hazard ratio 4.603; P=0.007). The predictive accuracy of SSIGN score improved from 87.7% to 93.1% by integrating 9p status to the model (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of 9p is associated with aggressive ccRCC and worse prognosis in patients following surgery. Our findings independently confirm the findings of previous reports relying on I-FISH to detect 9p (CDKN2A) deletion

Study of Self-Purification Capacity in the Semi-Arid Zones: Case of Wadi Cheliff, (Northern Algeria)

AbStrACt The aim of this paper was to study and predict the self-purification capacity of wadi Cheliff (in the section Oum Drou -Chlef). This was done primarily by measuring the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) downstream of a pre-selected pollution discharge point on wadi Cheliff and then predicting the same using the modified Streeter-Phelps equations. Twelve sampling stations are chosen, on a section of approximately 8.5 km of the wadi Cheliff (Oum Drou -Chlef), to collect data with knowing the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, stream velocity, stream depth and distance. Predicted DO deficit trend lines were first fitted by retaining the original re-aeration coefficient component, k 2 , of the modified Streeter-Phelps equation (United States Geological Survey equation) and subsequently by substituting it with our reaeration coefficient model. It was found that the latter displayed better predictive capacity. Results also demonstrated that the self-purification capacity of the river which is already limited by the relatively low DO saturation level is further threatened by the wastes being discharged into it at varying intervals. Some of these wastes are non-biodegradable which slows down the self-purification processes of the wadi. To preserve the underground layers of the area and to ensure a water of good quality for the irrigation, the Wadi Cheliff must be, necessarily, to protect from any pollution

Case report of ureteric transection of lower moiety in high-speed road traffic collision

Peer reviewedPublisher PD