RADIATION PREPARATION OF SMART HYDROGEL HAS ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CIPROFLOXACIN IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

The objective of the present work was to synthesize copolymer hydrogel composed of poly acrylic acid (PAAc) and PAAc/pectin, which are verysensitive to environmental stimulus, this feature is important for their application in biomedical applications, due to its unique properties, whichcan resemble human living organs, wound dressing, drug delivery systems. Gamma radiation induces synthesis and modification of monomer topolymer hydrogel was studied. The effect of different parameter onto preparation of smart hydrogel such as monomer concentration, radiation doseon to swelling percent of the prepared copolymer hydrogel have been studied, gel fraction have been studied as a function of swelling ratio. Structurecharacterization of the prepared copolymer hydrogel have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, The morphologicalstructure using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy have been studied. The swelling properties of the prepared copolymershave been studied at different time and pH. It was found that the swelling percent increases as the time increase and increases as pH increase and themaximum swelling occurs at pH 6 with the value of 19,000% for PAAc hydrogel and 10,000% for PAAc/pectin hydrogels after 24 hrs. Drug loadingmeasurements using ciprofloxacin (CPFX) drug at pH 7 for PAAc hydrogel after 24 hrs and at pH 11 for PAAc/pectin hydrogels. Studies of drugreleasingof CPFX as drug model have been investigated, at different time and pH and it was found that the drug release incases as pH increase and themaximum release occurs at pH 4 for PAAc and pH (3,8) for PAAc/pectin hydrogels, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized copolymeric hydrogelunder study was evaluated based on the diameters of clear zone surrounding the polymeric substance (disk diffusion test) this proved that polymerichydrogel can be used as antibacterial agent.Keywords: Radiation, Copolymerization, Pectin, Acrylic monomers, Drug release

The attitude liberal of the Supreme Court Libyan

Présidé par la Cour Suprême, le système judiciaire Libyen est caractérisé par le principe de l'unité de la justice qui n’a pas impliqué la création de tribunaux administratifs parallèlement aux tribunaux civils. La Cour exerce ses fonctions à travers ses Chambres «constitutionnelles, administratives, civiles, pénales et du statut personnel». Ainsi, l'approche libérale de cette Cour est fondée sur les principes de la justice, de l'égalité et de la liberté. S'il apparait que l'action principale de Cour Suprême est limitée dans ses pouvoirs et sa compétence, il s'avère qu'elle tend vers un élargissement progressif de sa capacité à protéger les droits individuels. Celui-ci se manifeste à travers le jugement obligatoire sur l’inconstitutionnalité des lois ou règlements qui s’opposent aux documents constitutionnels Libyens durant toutes les périodes ( Monarchie, Jamahiriya et transition).Headed by the Supreme Court, the Libyan judicial system is based on the principle of the unity of justice, which does not involve the establishment of administrative courts alongside civil courts. The Court exercises its functions through its constituencies (constitutional, administrative, civil, criminal and personal). Thus, the liberal approach of this court is based on the principles of justice, equality and freedom. While the main procedure of the Supreme Court appears to be limited in its powers and jurisdiction, it appears to tend to gradually expand its ability to protect individual rights. This is reflected in its binding provisions on the unconstitutionality of laws or regulations that oppose Libyan constitutional documents during all periods (monarchy, mass, and transition)

Circulating MiRNA-21 and programed cell death (PDCD) 4 gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egyptian patients

AbstractBackgroundCirculating microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small (17–25 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that are overexpressed in many human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, circulating miRNAs can reflect the level of tissue miRNAs, so could be potential tumor markers. miRNA-21 regulates post-transcriptional expression of tumor suppressor gene; programed cell death 4 (PDCD4) gene which implies that miRNA-21 might be a novel diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for cancer.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circulating miRNA-21 and study the expression of PDCD4 gene as a target of miRNA-21 in HCC in Egyptian patients.Subjects and methodsThis study was conducted on 30 HCC patients, 20 chronic liver disease (CLD) patients due to HCV infection and 20 healthy subjects. Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was measured for all participants. The relative plasma expression of each of miRNA-21 and PDCD4 gene was determined in whole blood samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe results revealed over expression of miRNA-21 and under expression of PDCD4 gene in HCC group (p<0.05) compared to both CLD and healthy subjects, while no significant change was detected between CLD and healthy subjects. miRNA-21 expression was negatively correlated with PDCD4 gene expression. miRNA-21 expression increased significantly with presence of cirrhosis, increased number of focal lesions, larger size of tumor, advanced tumor stage and presence of vascular invasion. Receiver Operator of Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of plasma miRNA-21 revealed that, at a cut-off value of 3.93 (fold expression), the sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of HCC cases were 93% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionCirculating miRNA-21 could be a novel early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for detection of HCC. Approaches interfering with the miRNA-21/PDCD4-axis, or releasing PDCD4 expression, may have a strong basis for therapeutic uses in cancer in the future

Serum selenium level in acute myocardial infarction

Introduction Although remarkable developments have been made in the management of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction (MI) remains the most common cause of death worldwide. MI is an acute condition of myocardial cell death that occurs as a result of imbalance between the coronary blood supply and myocardial requirements. Lipid peroxidation and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide, play a major role in the mechanism of MI. ROS directly damage the cell membrane and cause cell necrosis. However, ROS also stimulate signal transfer to upregulate inflammatory cytokines, for example, tumor necrosis factor-α in the ischemic area and the neighboring myocardium. Aim The aims of this article were: (a) to determine serum selenium (Se) and the cut-off value in acute MI patients and the correlation between serum Se and other cardiac biomarkers such as troponin, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial brand (CK-MB), C-reactive protein, and lipogram; and (b) to determine the most predictor risk factor of MI. Materials and methods The study was carried out on 120 individuals (60 patients and 60 controls). The patients presented to the Internal Medicine Department and Coronary Care Unit at Assiut University Hospital. The healthy controls were selected and matched for age and sex, and only those who were found to be in good health and free from any signs of chronic diseases or disorders were included. Results The main finding of this analysis that there is a statistical difference between patients and controls in serum Se as the mean Se level in patients was 80.3±20.5 and in controls it was 97.2±14.0 and P value of less than 0.001, Thus, serum Se is significantly low in MI patients. Also, there was no statistical difference in serum Se in terms of sex, smoking, accompanying diseases (diabetes or hypertension), or type of infarction. Conclusion This study supports a significant association between deficient serum Se concentration with cut-off value of up to 84 ng/ml and MI. Strikingly, the most predictor of MI is serum Se, followed by total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, low-density lipoprotein, and hypertension