Bounds on the performance of sphere decoding of linear block codes

A sphere decoder searches for the closest lattice point within a certain search radius. The search radius provides a tradeoff between performance and complexity. We derive tight upper bounds on the performance of sphere decoding of linear block codes. The performance of soft-decision sphere decoding on AWGN channels as well as that of hard-decision sphere decoding on binary symmetric channels is analyzed

On the Performance of Sphere Decoding of Block Codes

The performance of sphere decoding of block codes over a variety of channels is investigated. We derive a tight bound on the performance of maximum likelihood decoding of linear codes on q-ary symmetric channels. We use this result to bound the performance of q-ary hard decision sphere decoders. We also derive a tight bound on the performance of soft decision sphere decoders on the AWGN channel for BPSK and M-PSK modulated block codes. The performance of soft decision sphere decoding of arbitrary finite lattices or block codes is also analyzed

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Musyarakah Dan Ijarah Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Muamalat Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of mudharabah, musyarakah and ijarah financing on profitability at Bank Muamalat Indonesia 2010-2017, either partially or simultaneously. The population in this study is Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Sampling is done by purposive sampling with data period 2010-2017 from financial statements of Bank Muamalat Indonesia counted 32 data. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive with the aim to get a picture of how much the structure of financing and its effect on the profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Data collection technique is done by documentation method which is done by collecting data through Bank Muamalat Indonesia website. The method of this research used multiple regression.The result of partial significance test (t-test), this research shows that mudharabah financing has no significant effect on profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. While musyarakah financing negatively affects the profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Ijarah financing have no significant effect on profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. While simultaneous significance test result (F-test) shows that mudharabah, musyarakah and ijarah financing jointly affect the profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia

The Potency of Vitamin C in Tomato Plant for the Result of Genetically Modified Lanceolate Gene Through Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Using CRISPR-CAS 9

Vitamin C is the important part in the formation of protein in the body, one of which is obtained from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Due to the needed of vitamin C, a way is needed to get vitamin C from tomatoes which are of higher value. Tomato genetically modified using the lanceolate gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens using CRISPR-CAS9 is a promising solution for the food world. The literature study method is carried out by reviewing the theory and the results of previous research qualitatively. The results is that genetically engineered tomatoes have the advantage of high vitamin content by using plant improvement and modification. The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens functions as a vector and insertion site for recombinant genes and CRISPR-CAS9 technology is used to modify the target genome because it has a CAS9 protein containing two homologous domains resulting in a new trait. Tomatoes with lanceolate leaves will have fruit with high vitamin content because the results of photosynthesis are focused on fruit development. Suggestions for conducting in-depth research to ensure safety in the food quality and health. The goals of the research were to 1) determine the potency of tomato rich in vitamin C using genetic engineering of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 2) structure and function of the Lanceolate gene in plants, 3) application of CRISPR-CAS 9 in genetic engineering, and 4) advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified tomato. God gave humans the ability to manage His creation. So that humans can glorifying God through research

Liquid Biopsy: A Step Closer to Transform Diagnosis, Prognosis and Future of Cancer Treatments

Over the past decade, invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring cancers are slowly being replaced by non-invasive methods such as liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsies have drastically revolutionized the field of clinical oncology, offering ease in tumor sampling, continuous monitoring by repeated sampling, devising personalized therapeutic regimens, and screening for therapeutic resistance. Liquid biopsies consist of isolating tumor-derived entities like circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, tumor extracellular vesicles, etc., present in the body fluids of patients with cancer, followed by an analysis of genomic and proteomic data contained within them. Methods for isolation and analysis of liquid biopsies have rapidly evolved over the past few years as described in the review, thus providing greater details about tumor characteristics such as tumor progression, tumor staging, heterogeneity, gene mutations, and clonal evolution, etc. Liquid biopsies from cancer patients have opened up newer avenues in detection and continuous monitoring, treatment based on precision medicine, and screening of markers for therapeutic resistance. Though the technology of liquid biopsies is still evolving, its non-invasive nature promises to open new eras in clinical oncology. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current methodologies involved in liquid biopsies and their application in isolating tumor markers for detection, prognosis, and monitoring cancer treatment outcomes

Developing digital teaching material on Basic Electricity based on problem-based learning in vocational education

The electrical topic is considered a material that is difficult to understand because electricity is a substance that is not seen but can be felt. The objectives of this study were 1.) to develop digital textbooks for basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning; 2.) to analyze the feasibility of digital textbook products for basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning. This research is development research using the 4D model, namely define, design, develop, disseminate. This study involved language, material, and media experts in validating research products. The research subjects were students of technical engineering vocational education in one of the public universities in Indonesia who took Basic Electrical and Electronics courses, namely 25 students. The data collection technique used interviews, document analysis, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the research results that have been done, it has resulted in several conclusions, namely; 1.) Development of digital textbooks on basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning is carried out by referring to the 4D model development steps, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate; 2.) The appropriateness of digital textbooks according to the media expert's assessment of getting a mean score of 3.61 is declared very good, the material expert's assessment is 3.52, which is declared very good, and the user response gets an assessment of 3.51, which is declared very good Theoretically developed digital textbooks are able to increase student interest and motivation to learn basic electrical materials in an easy way

Role of non-coding RNA networks in leukemia progression, metastasis and drug resistance.

Early-stage detection of leukemia is a critical determinant for successful treatment of the disease and can increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. The factors limiting the current screening approaches to leukemia include low sensitivity and specificity, high costs, and a low participation rate. An approach based on novel and innovative biomarkers with high accuracy from peripheral blood offers a comfortable and appealing alternative to patients, potentially leading to a higher participation rate.Recently, non-coding RNAs due to their involvement in vital oncogenic processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in leukemia. Emerging lines of evidence have shown that the mutational spectrum and dysregulated expression of non-coding RNA genes are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including leukemia. In this review, we highlight the expression and functional roles of different types of non-coding RNAs in leukemia and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals FOXM1/BUB1B Signaling Pathway as a Key Target of Neosetophomone B in Human Leukemic Cells: A Gene Network-Based Microarray Analysis

Abnormal expression of Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and serine/threonine kinase Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1B) contributes to the development and progression of several cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, the molecular mechanism of the FOXM1/BUB1B regulatory network and the role of Neosetophomone-B (NSP-B) in leukemia remains unclear. NSP-B, a meroterpenoid fungal secondary metabolite, possesses anticancer potential in human leukemic cells lines; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the role of NSP-B on FOXM1/BUB1B signaling and the underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in leukemic cells. We performed gene expression profiling of NSP-B-treated and untreated leukemic cells to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Interestingly BUB1B was found to be significantly downregulated (logFC -2.60, adjusted p = 0.001) in the treated cell line with the highest connectivity score among cancer genes. Analysis of TCGA data revealed overexpression of BUB1B compared to normal in most cancers and overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. BUB1B also showed a highly significant positive correlation with FOXM1 in all the TCGA cancer types. We used human leukemic cell lines (K562 and U937) as an in vitro study model to validate our findings. We found that NSP-B treatment of leukemic cells suppressed the expression of FOXM1 and BUB1B in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, NSP-B also resulted in the downregulation of FOXM1-regulated genes such as Aurora kinase A, Aurora kinase B, CDK4, and CDK6. Suppression of FOXM1 either by siRNA or NSP-B reduced BUB1B expression and enhanced cell survival inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Interestingly combination treatment of thiostrepton and NSP-B suppressed of cell viability and inducted apoptosis in leukemic cells via enhancing the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 compared with single-agent treatment. These results demonstrate the important role of the FOXM1/BUB1B pathway in leukemia and thus a potential therapeutic target.Medical Research Center Grant no; MRC-01-21-301 (SU), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha Qatar. The publication of this article was funded by the Qatar National Library