Bounds on the performance of sphere decoding of linear block codes

A sphere decoder searches for the closest lattice point within a certain search radius. The search radius provides a tradeoff between performance and complexity. We derive tight upper bounds on the performance of sphere decoding of linear block codes. The performance of soft-decision sphere decoding on AWGN channels as well as that of hard-decision sphere decoding on binary symmetric channels is analyzed

On the Performance of Sphere Decoding of Block Codes

The performance of sphere decoding of block codes over a variety of channels is investigated. We derive a tight bound on the performance of maximum likelihood decoding of linear codes on q-ary symmetric channels. We use this result to bound the performance of q-ary hard decision sphere decoders. We also derive a tight bound on the performance of soft decision sphere decoders on the AWGN channel for BPSK and M-PSK modulated block codes. The performance of soft decision sphere decoding of arbitrary finite lattices or block codes is also analyzed

PEMANFAATAN PENYALURAN SARANA PRASARANA UNTUK MENUNJANG PEMBELAJARAN DI SMA MA’ARIF 1 PAMEKASAN

Penulis malakukan penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemnafaatan penyaluran sarana prasarana untuk dalam menunjang pembelajaran siswa di SMA Ma’rif 1 Pamekasan. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dalam pendekatan deskriptif dengan pengiumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan juga studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peyaluran sarana dan prasarana di SMA Ma’arif 1 Pamekasan dilakukan dengan memberikan barang dan perlengkapan sekolah kepada bagian yang membutuhkan. Ada beberapa faktor yang mendukung serta menghambat penyaluran sarana dan prasarana di SMA Ma’arif 1 Pamekasan. Sistem invenatrisasi yang lengkap dan akurat, prosedur yang jelas untuk mengajukan permintaan sarana dan prasarana, dan dukungan dari pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat merupakan faktor pendukung. Sedangkan faktor penghambat adalah jumlah dana yang kurang mendukung serta lokasi yang kurang strategis.

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Musyarakah Dan Ijarah Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Muamalat Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of mudharabah, musyarakah and ijarah financing on profitability at Bank Muamalat Indonesia 2010-2017, either partially or simultaneously. The population in this study is Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Sampling is done by purposive sampling with data period 2010-2017 from financial statements of Bank Muamalat Indonesia counted 32 data. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive with the aim to get a picture of how much the structure of financing and its effect on the profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Data collection technique is done by documentation method which is done by collecting data through Bank Muamalat Indonesia website. The method of this research used multiple regression.The result of partial significance test (t-test), this research shows that mudharabah financing has no significant effect on profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. While musyarakah financing negatively affects the profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Ijarah financing have no significant effect on profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. While simultaneous significance test result (F-test) shows that mudharabah, musyarakah and ijarah financing jointly affect the profitability of Bank Muamalat Indonesia

The Potency of Vitamin C in Tomato Plant for the Result of Genetically Modified Lanceolate Gene Through Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Using CRISPR-CAS 9

Vitamin C is the important part in the formation of protein in the body, one of which is obtained from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Due to the needed of vitamin C, a way is needed to get vitamin C from tomatoes which are of higher value. Tomato genetically modified using the lanceolate gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens using CRISPR-CAS9 is a promising solution for the food world. The literature study method is carried out by reviewing the theory and the results of previous research qualitatively. The results is that genetically engineered tomatoes have the advantage of high vitamin content by using plant improvement and modification. The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens functions as a vector and insertion site for recombinant genes and CRISPR-CAS9 technology is used to modify the target genome because it has a CAS9 protein containing two homologous domains resulting in a new trait. Tomatoes with lanceolate leaves will have fruit with high vitamin content because the results of photosynthesis are focused on fruit development. Suggestions for conducting in-depth research to ensure safety in the food quality and health. The goals of the research were to 1) determine the potency of tomato rich in vitamin C using genetic engineering of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 2) structure and function of the Lanceolate gene in plants, 3) application of CRISPR-CAS 9 in genetic engineering, and 4) advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified tomato. God gave humans the ability to manage His creation. So that humans can glorifying God through research

Liquid Biopsy: A Step Closer to Transform Diagnosis, Prognosis and Future of Cancer Treatments

Over the past decade, invasive techniques for diagnosing and monitoring cancers are slowly being replaced by non-invasive methods such as liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsies have drastically revolutionized the field of clinical oncology, offering ease in tumor sampling, continuous monitoring by repeated sampling, devising personalized therapeutic regimens, and screening for therapeutic resistance. Liquid biopsies consist of isolating tumor-derived entities like circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, tumor extracellular vesicles, etc., present in the body fluids of patients with cancer, followed by an analysis of genomic and proteomic data contained within them. Methods for isolation and analysis of liquid biopsies have rapidly evolved over the past few years as described in the review, thus providing greater details about tumor characteristics such as tumor progression, tumor staging, heterogeneity, gene mutations, and clonal evolution, etc. Liquid biopsies from cancer patients have opened up newer avenues in detection and continuous monitoring, treatment based on precision medicine, and screening of markers for therapeutic resistance. Though the technology of liquid biopsies is still evolving, its non-invasive nature promises to open new eras in clinical oncology. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current methodologies involved in liquid biopsies and their application in isolating tumor markers for detection, prognosis, and monitoring cancer treatment outcomes

Developing digital teaching material on Basic Electricity based on problem-based learning in vocational education

The electrical topic is considered a material that is difficult to understand because electricity is a substance that is not seen but can be felt. The objectives of this study were 1.) to develop digital textbooks for basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning; 2.) to analyze the feasibility of digital textbook products for basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning. This research is development research using the 4D model, namely define, design, develop, disseminate. This study involved language, material, and media experts in validating research products. The research subjects were students of technical engineering vocational education in one of the public universities in Indonesia who took Basic Electrical and Electronics courses, namely 25 students. The data collection technique used interviews, document analysis, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the research results that have been done, it has resulted in several conclusions, namely; 1.) Development of digital textbooks on basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning is carried out by referring to the 4D model development steps, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate; 2.) The appropriateness of digital textbooks according to the media expert's assessment of getting a mean score of 3.61 is declared very good, the material expert's assessment is 3.52, which is declared very good, and the user response gets an assessment of 3.51, which is declared very good Theoretically developed digital textbooks are able to increase student interest and motivation to learn basic electrical materials in an easy way

Role of non-coding RNA networks in leukemia progression, metastasis and drug resistance.

Early-stage detection of leukemia is a critical determinant for successful treatment of the disease and can increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. The factors limiting the current screening approaches to leukemia include low sensitivity and specificity, high costs, and a low participation rate. An approach based on novel and innovative biomarkers with high accuracy from peripheral blood offers a comfortable and appealing alternative to patients, potentially leading to a higher participation rate.Recently, non-coding RNAs due to their involvement in vital oncogenic processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in leukemia. Emerging lines of evidence have shown that the mutational spectrum and dysregulated expression of non-coding RNA genes are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including leukemia. In this review, we highlight the expression and functional roles of different types of non-coding RNAs in leukemia and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets