Antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts from olive mill wastewater and their influence on virgin olive oil stability

Fresh olive oil mill wastewaters (OMW) were collected in northern Morocco from industrial mills operating with three extraction systems (dual [C2] and triple phase [C3] centrifugation decanters and super-pressure system [SP]) during the 2017 growing season. Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of these effluents were examined. OMW phenolic extracts were prepared and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. Moreover, the improvement of virgin olive oil stability by the addition of OMW phenolic extracts (at 100, 300 and 500 ppm) was investigated. Results from the present work confirmed the pollutant load of these effluents characterized by an acidic pH, strong organic content, and considerable amounts of mineral matter. Concerning the microbiological counts, yeasts and molds were the most abundant. Among extraction system, C2 displayed OMW with the high levels for all measured parameters, except for total phenols that were more abundant in C3. Findings from DPPH and FRAP tests showed a good antiradical potential and an important reducing power capacity and were both concentration-dependent. For the two tests, antioxidant activity of OMW phenolic extracts from C2 was the most important. The addition of phenolic extracts to virgin olive oil, stocked at 60°C, resulted in lower values of PV, K232 and K270 compared to the control, indicating a good protective effect against oil oxidation. The great antioxidant effect of OMW extracts was at 500 ppm, similar to that of ascorbic acid

Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria of Ruta montana extracts

In this study, water and various concentrations of methanol and ethanol in water were used as solvent in the extraction of aerial part of Ruta montana. The aims were to investigate the effects of solvents on the extraction of polyphenol from Ruta montana, from Taza region, and evaluate in vitro the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria of the extracts. The results showed that the Ruta montana extract obtained by 80% methanol exhibited the highest phenolic (117.70 ± 2.82 mg GAE/g Ext) and flavonoid (77 ± 6.55 mg ER/g Ext) contents. The antioxidant potential was examined by Diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing power assays (FRAP). The 80% methanol extract presented the greatest capacity to reduce the DPPH (IC50=10.66 ± 1.52 µg/mL), and the highest ferric reducing power (66.66 ± 5.67 mg AAE/g of extract). The antimicrobial activity of extracts from Ruta montana against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria was qualitatively and quantitatively tested by the development of inhibition zones (ZID) and MTT-assay. The ZID ranged between 10.66 mm and 19.33 mm. Proteus mirabilis, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis 1616-3, Bacillus subtilis DSM 6633, Listeria innocua CECT 4030 were the most sensitive bacteria with MIC varied from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. These finding suggest that Ruta montana may be considered as a potential sources of phenol contents with antioxidant and antibacterial potentials against phytopathogenic and foodborne pathogens bacteria

Magnetic properties of LaFe1-xCrxO3 and Fe2-2xCr2xO3 mixed oxides

Mixed oxides with formula LaFe1-xCrxO3 and Fe2-2xCr2xO3, where 0≤x≤1, are studied. The samples have been prepared using solid state reaction technique in air. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that the samples crystallize in a corundum phase with space group ( R3c ) for Fe2-2xCr2xO3 and in the perovskite structure for LaFe1-xCrxO3. Many techniques have been used to explore the magnetic properties of the systems. High field, ZFC and FC magnetization vs. temperature, d.c. susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy were carried out. High temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and high field magnetic magnetization (H ≤ 20 T) show that the behavior of the susceptibility and the magnetization are complex. Mössbauer spectra of the solid solutions have been measured at 4.2 K and in the temperature range 77 K to 300 K. The shapes of spectra are unusual, showing strong relaxation phenomena in a wide temperature range as recently observed for many frustrated systems. The results are discussed by establishing the existence of various magnetic structures, inducing intermediate magnetic phases between the antiferromagnetic and the paramagnetic states. Preliminary magnetic phase diagrams of the systems have been established.Mixed oxides with formula LaFe1-xCrxO3 and Fe2-2xCr2xO3, where 0≤x≤1, are studied. The samples have been prepared using solid state reaction technique in air. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that the samples crystallize in a corundum phase with space group ( R3c ) for Fe2-2xCr2xO3 and in the perovskite structure for LaFe1-xCrxO3. Many techniques have been used to explore the magnetic properties of the systems. High field, ZFC and FC magnetization vs. temperature, d.c. susceptibility and Mössbauer spectroscopy were carried out. High temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and high field magnetic magnetization (H ≤ 20 T) show that the behavior of the susceptibility and the magnetization are complex. Mössbauer spectra of the solid solutions have been measured at 4.2 K and in the temperature range 77 K to 300 K. The shapes of spectra are unusual, showing strong relaxation phenomena in a wide temperature range as recently observed for many frustrated systems. The results are discussed by establishing the existence of various magnetic structures, inducing intermediate magnetic phases between the antiferromagnetic and the paramagnetic states. Preliminary magnetic phase diagrams of the systems have been established

Fermentación controlada de aceitunas verdes picholine marroquíes sometidas a choque térmico e inoculadas sin sal

The present work reports the controlled fermentation of heat-shocked, unsalted and inoculated green olives. The effects of heat-shock (60, 70 and 80 °C three times for 5 min), inoculation with the oleuropeinolytic strain of L. plantarum FSO175 (L.p-FSO175) and the addition of Cell-Free Supernatant of C. pelliculosa L18 (CFS of C.p-L18) on the fermentation process of unsalted green olives were examined. The results showed a drastic reduction in the initial indigenous Enterobacteria, and an improvement in the acidification of heat-shocked olives at 70 and 80 °C, when compared to 60 °C. The inoculation with L.p-FSO175 and addition of CFS of C.p-L18 enhanced the fermentation and preservation of unsalted green olives, indicated by a significant decrease in pH, increase in free acidity and total disappearance of Enterobacteria. The heat-shock treatment at high temperature (80 °C), inoculation with L.p-FSO175 and addition of CFS of C.p-L18 led to the best reduction in bitterness, and favorable color changes (L, a, and b) in fermented olives. This sequential method led to more appreciated sensory characteristics (mainly bitterness and color) of fermented olives, lower spoilage incidence in olives, and reduced fermentation time to 50 days, and therefore may be suitable to control the fermentation of unsalted green olives of the Moroccan picholine variety.El presente trabajo reporta la fermentación controlada de aceitunas verdes sometidas a choque térmico, sin salar e inoculadas. Se estudian los efectos del choque térmico (60 °C, 70 °C y 80 °C tres veces durante 5 min), la inoculación con cepa oleuropeinolítica de L. plantarum FSO175 (L.p-FSO175) y la adición de sobrenadante libre de células de C. pelliculosa L18 (CFS de C.p-L18), sobre el proceso de fermentación de aceitunas verdes sin salar. Los resultados mostraron la drástica reducción de las enterobacterias autóctonas iniciales, y la mejora de la acidificación de las aceitunas sometidas a choque térmico de 70 °C y 80 °C, en comparación con 60 °C. La inoculación con L.p-FSO175 y la adición de CFS de C.p-L18 mejoró la fermentación y conservación de las aceitunas verdes sin salar, indicada por una disminución significativa del pH, aumento de la acidez libre y desaparición total de enterobacterias. El choque térmico a alta temperatura (80 °C), la inoculación con L.p-FSO175 y la adición de CFS de C.p-L18 condujeron a una mejor reducción del amargor y cambios de color favorables (L, a y b) en aceitunas fermentadas. Este método secuencial, que permitió apreciar las características sensoriales (principalmente amargor y color) de las aceitunas fermentadas, y una menor incidencia de deterioro en las aceitunas, y redujo el tiempo de fermentación a 50 días, puede ser adecuado para controlar la fermentación de aceitunas verdes sin salar de Marruecos, variedad picholine

Re-infection with a different SARS-CoV-2 clade and prolonged viral shedding in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient

Immunocompromised patients who have a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection pose many clinical and public health challenges. We describe the case of a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient with lymphoma who had a protracted illness requiring three consecutive hospital admissions. Whole genome sequencing confirmed two different SARS-CoV-2 clades. Clinical management issues and the unanswered questions arising from this case are discussed

Rapid identification of in vitro cell toxicity using an electrochemical membrane screening platform

This study compares the performance and output of an electrochemical phospholipid membrane platform against respective in vitro cell-based toxicity testing methods using three toxicants of different biological action (chlorpromazine (CPZ), colchicine (COL) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS)). Human cell lines from seven different tissues (lung, liver, kidney, placenta, intestine, immune system) were used to validate this physicochemical testing system. For the cell-based systems, the effective concentration at 50 % cell death (EC₅₀) values are calculated. For the membrane sensor, a limit of detection (LoD) value was extracted as a quantitative parameter describing the minimum concentration of toxicant which significantly affects the structure of the phospholipid sensor membrane layer. LoD values were found to align well with the EC₅₀ values when acute cell viability was used as an end-point and showed a similar toxicity ranking of the tested toxicants. Using the colony forming efficiency (CFE) or DNA damage as end-point, a different order of toxicity ranking was observed. The results of this study showed that the electrochemical membrane sensor generates a parameter relating to biomembrane damage, which is the predominant factor in decreasing cell viability when in vitro models are acutely exposed to toxicants. These results lead the way to using electrochemical membrane-based sensors for rapid relevant preliminary toxicity screens

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma comprises morphologic and genomic heterogeneity impacting outcome.

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare aggressive T-cell lymphoma most reported in Asia. We performed a comprehensive clinical, pathological and genomic study of 71 European MEITL patients (36 males; 35 females, median age 67 years). The majority presented with gastrointestinal involvement and had emergency surgery, and 40% had stage IV disease. The tumors were morphologically classified into two groups: typical (58%) and atypical (i.e. nonmonomorphic or with necrosis, angiotropism or starry-sky pattern) (42%), sharing a homogeneous immunophenotypic profile (CD3+ (98%) CD4- (94%) CD5- (97%) CD7+ (97%) CD8+ (90%) CD56+ (86%) CD103+ (80%) cytotoxic marker+ (98%)) with more frequent expression of TCRgd (50%) than TCRab (32%). MYC expression (30% of cases) partly reflecting MYC gene locus alterations, correlated with nonmonomorphic cytology. Almost all cases (97%) harbored deleterious mutation(s) and/or deletion of the SETD2 gene and 90% had defective H3K36 trimethylation. Other frequently mutated genes were STAT5B (57%), JAK3 (50%), TP53 (35%) JAK1 (12.5%), BCOR and ATM (11%). Both TP53 mutations and MYC expression correlated with atypical morphology. The median overall survival (OS) of 63 patients (43/63 only received chemotherapy after initial surgery) was 7.8 months. Multivariate analysis found a strong negative impact on outcome of MYC expression, TP53 mutation, STAT5B mutation and poor performance status while aberrant B-cell marker expression (20% of cases) correlated with better survival. In conclusion, MEITL is an aggressive disease with resistance to conventional therapy, predominantly characterized by driver gene alterations deregulating histone methylation and JAK/STAT signalling and encompasses genetic and morphologic variants associated with very high clinical risk

Logistics outsourcing determinants and performance management: A theoretical model.

While the principal objective of outsourcing was to reduce costs, organizations are now using this process tofocus, their financial and managerial resources, on value-creating activities and improving the logisticsperformance for the company adopting it.Based on this observation, the objective of this paper is to wonder about the decision of logistics outsourcing:what factors explain why a company will choose to outsource its logistics activity rather than maintaining itinternally knowing that other companies show a cautious position compared to the idea of outsourcing? Andwhat contributions does each company hope to receive in return for the decision to outsource its logistics