Étude Évaluative D’examen Normalisé De Sciences De La Vie Et De La Terre Au Cycle Secondaire Collegial

Generally an exam, a performance test or a test to be used for summative or evaluation purposes must be prepared according to a definite plan. The present paper aimed at analyzing and evaluating the certificate exam, the study also revealed the questions representation of Bloom's cognitive levels. This article presents also the statistical and psychometric indices that characterize each of the questions (26 items) that make up a certification exam of the Sciences of Life and Earth in a Moroccan high school in Meknes. Indeed, two hundred test copies have been analyzed using the SPSS and Anitem software. The average of goals achieved in activities of knowledge, analysis, understanding and evaluation is 61%, 52%, 37.5%, 58% respectively, but it is only 19% for "application" activity. The success rate in open questions items is only 38.5% against 61.5% for Multiple Choice Questions (MSQ) and closed questions. The internal homogeneity coefficient is greater than 0.8 (α = 0.84), which means that the homogeneity of the instrument has been considered satisfactory. According to the index of difficulty out of the 26 items, two are extremely inferior (P> 0.8), while two others are extremely superior (P <0.2). According to the index of discrimination eleven items meet the conditions of validity, three are not discriminating and twelve should be reviewed. The correlation between the success rate in these items and their difficulty index is high (R = 0.98). In light of the findings, we recommended the necessity of having measurement and evaluation experts in writing questions of exams and we highly recommend the necessity of continuous training of teachers in the field of assessment and evaluation

Recent progress in nanocomposites based on conducting polymer: application as electrochemical sensors

Abstract Over the years, intensive research works have been devoted to conducting polymers due to their potential application in many fields such as fuel cell, sensors, and capacitors. To improve the properties of these compounds, several new approaches have been developed which consist in combining conducting polymers and nanoparticles. Then, this review intends to give a clear overview on nanocomposites based on conducting polymers, synthesis, characterization, and their application as electrochemical sensors. For this, the paper is divided into two parts: the first part will highlight the nanocomposites synthesized by combination of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and conducting polymers. The preparation of polymer/CNMs such as graphene and carbon nanotube modified electrode is presented coupled with relevant applications. The second part consists of a review of nanocomposites synthesized by combination of metal nanoparticles and conducting polymers

L'adaptation au changement climatique dans le bassin de Tensift au Maroc par une gestion améliorée du bassin versant et le paiement pour les services environnementaux - rapport final

Ce projet bénéficie d'une subvention du Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI), Ottawa, Canada.Le défi que le présent projet de recherche a essayé de relever est de trouver des pistes pour repenser la GIRE dans un contexte du changement climatique, tout en prenant en considération le maintien de la production des biens et services environnementaux. Ceci ne pourra se réaliser qu’à travers des actions permettant de prendre en considération la donne climatique et les instruments basés sur le marché (e.g. le Paiement pour les Services Environnementaux (PSE)) dans les politiques de gestion de l’eau

Synthesis of carbon nanofibers/poly(para-phenylenediamine)/nickel particles nanocomposite for enhanced methanol electrooxidation

International audienceSeveral studies have been conducted on direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) to resolve major issues such as the high cost of the catalyst and the poisoning of the electrode. Herein, a low-cost catalyst based on nickel particles (NiPs), carbon nanofibers (CNF) and poly(para-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) was carried out using a simple electrochemical method. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposite electrodes are characterized by field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray detector, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of various parameters such as the PpPD film thickness and the NiPs content on the electrocatalytic performance of CPE/CNF/PpPD/NiPs are evaluated which lead to the optimized composition. The results of the methanol electrooxidation reaction at room temperature showed that the optimized CPE/CNF/PpPD/NiPs nanocomposite exhibits a high catalytic activity (Ip = 38.11 mA cm−2), good stability and durability for more than 6 h in comparison with CPE/CNF/NiPs. These findings truly highlight the synergetic effect of CNF/PpPD in enhancing the electrochemical activity and stability and the vast potential of CPE/CNF/PpPD/NiPs as low-cost catalyst and electrodes for DMFCs

Development and Evaluation of a Combined Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Live Vaccine

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSD and CBPP are both transboundary diseases spreading in the same areas of Africa and Asia. A combination vaccine to control CBPP and LSD offers significant value to small-scale livestock keepers as a single administration. Access to a bivalent vaccine may improve vaccination rates for both pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated the LSDV/CBPP live combined vaccine by testing the generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, immunogenicity, and safety on target species. In-vitro assessment of the Mycoplasma effect on LSDV growth in cell culture was evaluated by infectious virus titration and qPCR during 3 serial passages, whereas in-vivo interference was assessed through the antibody response to vaccination. This combined Mmm/LSDV vaccine could be used to protect cattle against both diseases with a single vaccination in the endemic countries. There were no adverse reactions detected in this study and inoculated cattle produced high levels of specific antibodies starting from day 7 post-vaccination, suggesting that this combination vaccine is both safe and effective