Evaluation of some bread wheat genotypes for heat tolerance under terminal heat stress conditions

Terminal heat stress leads to significant yield reduction in wheat. Thus, the determination of heat tolerant genotypes is of major importance in wheat breeding program. The present study was conducted at Shandaweel agricultural research station, Sohag, Egypt during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons, to evaluate twelve bread wheat genotypes under normal sowing (20 November) and late sowing (30 December) dates, the experiment set up as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that late sowing (terminal heat stress) had a significant adverse impact on agronomic, physiological traits and grain carbohydrate content. The genotype Shandaweel 2, followed by Giza 171 and Sids 14 performed better than other genotypes for grain yield under the normal sowing. On the other side, Shandaweel 2 outperformed the tested genotypes under the late sowing. Based on heat susceptibility index (HSI), the cultivars Sids 12, Misr 2, Sakha 95 and genotype Shandaweel 2 showed HSI1 and they can be considered as heat sensitive cultivars. GGE biplot analysis and ranking of genotypes revealed that the new line Shandaweel 2 was the an ideal genotype in terms of yielding ability and stability and it was suitable for planting under normal and late sowing conditions, while Giza 171 was suitable for planting under the normal sowing. The GYT biplot and superiority index showed that Shandaweel 2 and Giza 171 had the best traits profile

Reactivity of β-enamino ester of benzo[f]chromene: One pot synthesis of isolated and heterocycle-fused derivatives of benzo[f] chromene

The formation of isolated and fused benzo[f]chromene derivatives was achieved via reacting ethyl 3-amino-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate (1) with some selected reagents under basic conditions. The new compound, ethyl 3-(dimethylaminomethyleneamino)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate  (2) was prepared from compound 1 and N,N-dimethyl formamide in presence of phosphorus oxychloride under mild conditions in excellent yield using Vilsmeier reaction. Also, 10-amino-12-phenyl-9-sulfanyl-12H-benzo[f] chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-11(10H)-one (12), 10-aryl-14-phenyl-14H-benzo[f]chromeno [2,3-d][1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-13-one (15), ethyl 3-(4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate (18), ethyl 3-(4-phenyl-2-thioxothiazol-3(2H)-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate (20), ethyl 3-acetamido-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate (21), and 10-amino-9-methyl-12-phenyl-12H-benzo[f] chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-11(10H)-one (23) were prepared. The structures of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR, MS and NMR spectral analy­sis

WEIBULL SEMIPARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODELS UNDER RANDOM CENSORSHIP

 Semiparametric regression is concerned with the flexible combination of non-linear functional relationships in regression analysis. The main advantage of the semiparametric regression models is that any application benefits from regression analysis can also benefit from the semiparametric regression. In this paper, we derived a consistent estimator of parametric portion and nonparametric portion in Weibull semi-parametric regression models under random censorship

Median Double Ranked Set Sampling Method

In environmental monitoring and assessment, the main focus is to achieve observational economy and to collect data with unbiased, efficient and cost-effective sampling methods. Ranked set sampling (RSS) is one traditional method that is mostly used for accomplishing observational economy. In this article, we suggested new sampling method called median double ranked set sampling (MDRSS). The newly suggested sampling method MDRSS is compare to the simple random sampling (SRS), RSS, double ranked set sampling (DRSS), median ranked set sampling (MRSS). When the underlying distributions are symmetric and asymmetric, it is shown that, the variance of the mean estimator under MDRSS is always less than the variance of the mean estimator based on SRS and the other methods

El uso de la prensa digital en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en el aula de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE)

[ES] La presente investigación centra su estudio en el periodismo digital como material de lectura en el ámbito de español como lengua extranjera (ELE). Consideramos que la prensa en línea constituye un material asequible y accesible para el profesorado, y que representa una dosis de lengua y cultura para el alumnado. Sin embargo, resulta sorprendente el uso limitado de la prensa digital ya que, incluso en los materiales existentes, se usan textos creados ad hoc que no representan textos auténticos. Asimismo, muchos estudiosos tratan el texto periodístico digital como el texto impreso, utilizando las mismas tareas durante su explotación didáctica y dejando de lado los múltiples beneficios de la jerarquía digital para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. A raíz de esta motivación, se han planteado los principales objetivos de la investigación, basados en el fundamento de acentuar las claves esenciales del uso de textos periodísticos digitales en el desarrollo de la destreza lectora y el empleo de los mismos en tareas y herramientas más dinámicas y colaborativas, las denominadas tareas 2.0. En concreto, para alcanzar estos objetivos, hemos seguido varias fases y estrategias. Primero, hemos revisado la fundamentación epistemológica de las materias teóricas en las que se basará el estudio: nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del ELE y los nuevos paradigmas pedagógicos; aprovechamiento didáctico de internet en el aula del ELE, ventajas y desventajas; evaluación de recursos del ELE en la red; tipología de software educativo para ELE; características y tipología de actividades en el aula del ELE con la red. Dicha fase ha promovido la implantación de una sólida base doctrinal cuyas proposiciones facilitarán, a priori, la dirección de las labores empíricas. Segundo, hemos empezado a fijar los principios metodológicos básicos y aplicarlos a la hora de tratar el texto periodístico digital como material de lectura en la pantalla. Así, nos restringimos a abordar internet como una fuente gigantesca de información cuya herramienta es el hipertexto, lo cual nos lleva a tratar los beneficios del hipertexto como una herramienta de gran utilidad para la mejora de la comprensión lectora en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje del ELE: interactividad, flexibilidad en la temporalización, facilidad de acceso a las ayudas, etc. Además, acentuamos las dificultades de la lectura virtual y cómo resolverlas a la hora de explotar un material digital en el ámbito del ELE. Tampoco hemos olvidado tratar otros temas como, por ejemplo, la heterogeneidad del español en internet y las técnicas de lectura online, entre otras. De este modo, hemos revelado la necesidad de clarificar los procesos de comprensión, indispensables para leer en la red, y hemos empezado a trazar el camino para asegurar que el ciberperiodismo es un material idóneo para leer online. Tercero, partiendo de las bases trazadas anteriormente, hemos introducido el enfoque de nuestro estudio: el aprovechamiento de la prensa digital en ELE como material virtual poderoso para la destreza lectora, y cómo puede ser aprovechado en el aula del ELE. Asumiendo las consideraciones analizadas anteriormente, presentaremos un curso como un acercamiento práctico cuyo objetivo es desarrollar actividades relacionadas con la comprensión lectora, considerando el periodismo digital como material y recurso, y explotando las diversas alternativas cumplimentarías que brindan las TIC. Esta visión práctica ha sido aprobada por una muestra de un grupo piloto de profesorado del ELE. Asimismo, como estudio de casos, hemos empleado una propuesta didáctica con tres estudiantes egipcios del ELE que fueron entrevistados posteriormente con el fin de acentuar los retos ante el uso del texto periodístico como material hipertextual en el ámbito del ELE.[CA] La present investigació centra el seu estudi en el periodisme digital com a material de lectura en l'àmbit d'espanyol com a llengua estrangera (ELE). Considerem que la premsa en línia constitueix un material assequible i accessible per al professorat, i que representa una dosi de llengua i cultura per a l'alumnat. No obstant això, resulta sorprenent l'ús limitat de la premsa digital ja que, fins i tot en els materials existents, s'usen textos creats ad hoc que no representen textos autèntics. Així mateix, molts estudiosos tracten el text periodístic digital com el text imprés, utilitzant les mateixes tasques durant la seua explotació didàctica i deixant de banda els múltiples beneficis de la jerarquia digital per al procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge. Arran d'aquesta motivació, s'han plantejat els principals objectius de la investigació, basats en el fonament d'accentuar les claus essencials de l'ús de textos periodístics digitals en el desenvolupament de la destresa lectora i l'ús d'aquests en tasques i eines més dinàmiques i col¿laboratives, les denominades tasques 2.0. En concret, per a assolir aquests objectius, hem seguit diverses fases i estratègies. En primer lloc, hem revisat la bibliografia de les matèries teòriques en què es basarà l'estudi: Noves Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació en el procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge d'ELE i els nous paradigmes pedagògics; aprofitament didàctic d'internet a l'aula d'ELE, avantatges i inconvenients; avaluació de recursos d'ELE a la Xarxa; tipologia de programari educatiu per a ELE; característiques i tipologia d'activitats a l'aula d'ELE amb la xarxa. Aquesta fase ha promogut la implantació d'una sòlida base doctrinal les proposicions de la qual facilitaran, a priori, la direcció de les tasques empíriques. En segon lloc, hem començat a fixar els principis metodològics bàsics i a aplicar-los a l'hora de tractar el text periodístic digital com a material de lectura a la pantalla. Així, ens restringim a abordar internet com una font gegantina d'informació la eina de la qual és l'hipertext, la qual cosa ens porta a tractar els beneficis de l'hipertext com una eina de gran utilitat per a la millora de la comprensió lectora en el procés ensenyament-aprenentatge d'ELE: interactivitat, flexibilitat en la temporalització, facilitat d'accés a les ajudes, etc. A més, accentuem les dificultats de la lectura virtual i com resoldre-les a l'hora d'explotar un material digital en l'àmbit de l'ELE. Tampoc no hem oblidat tractar altres temes com, per exemple, l'heterogeneïtat de l'espanyol a internet i les tècniques de lectura en línia, entre d'altres. D'aquesta manera, hem revelat la necessitat de clarificar els processos de comprensió, indispensables per llegir a la xarxa, i hem començat a traçar el camí per assegurar que el ciberperiodisme és un material idoni per llegir en línia. En tercer lloc, partint de les bases traçades anteriorment, hem introduït l'enfocament del nostre estudi: l'aprofitament de la premsa digital en l'ELE com a material virtual poderós per a la destresa lectora, i com pot ser aprofitat a l'aula d'ELE. Assumint les consideracions analitzades anteriorment, presentarem un curs com un acostament pràctic que segueix les directrius del MCER (2002). El seu objectiu és desenvolupar activitats relacionades amb la comprensió lectora, considerant el periodisme digital com a material i recurs, i explotant les diverses alternatives complementàries que brinden les TIC. Aquesta visió pràctica ha estat aprovada per una mostra d'un grup pilot de professorat d'ELE. Així mateix, com a estudi de casos, hem emprat una proposta didàctica amb tres estudiants egipcis d'ELE que van ser entrevistats posteriorment per tal d'accentuar els reptes davant l'ús del text periodístic com a material hipertextual en l'àmbit de l'ELE.[EN] This research focuses on digital journalism as reading material with the Spanish language serving as a foreign language (SFL). The online press constitutes an affordable and accessible source of material for teachers, and represents a dosage of language and culture for the students. However, the limited use of the digital press is surprising since even existing materials use ad hoc texts that do not represent authentic texts. Likewise, many scholars treat the digital journalistic text as the printed text, using the same tasks when exploiting it didactically and leaving aside its digital hierarchy, which entails many benefits for the teaching-learning process. As a result of this motivation, the main objectives of this research have been raised, based on the foundation of accentuating the essential keys of the use of digital journalistic texts for the development of reading skills using more dynamic and collaborative tasks and tools through tasks 2.0. To achieve these objectives, we have followed several phases and strategies: Firstly, we have reviewed the literature of the theoretical subjects on which the study will be based: New Information and Communication Technologies in the teaching-learning process of SFL and the new pedagogical paradigms; didactic use of the internet in the SFL classroom, advantages and disadvantages; evaluation of SFL resources in the Network; type of educational software for SFL; characteristics and typology of activities in the SFL classroom with the Network. This phase has promoted the establishment of a solid doctrinal base whose proposals will facilitate, a priori, the direction of the empirical tasks in the best criterion. Secondly, we have begun to set the basic methodological principles and apply them when dealing with the digital journalistic text as reading material on the screen. Thus we restrict ourselves to approach the internet as a gigantic source of information whose tool is hypertext, which leads us to treat the benefits of hypertext as a very useful tool for improving reading comprehension in the teaching-learning process of SFL: interactivity, flexibility in timing, ease of access to help, etc. In addition, we accentuate the difficulties of virtual reading and how to solve them when exploiting a digital material in the field of SFL. Nor have we forgotten to deal with other topics such as, for example, the heterogeneity of Spanish on the internet and online reading techniques among others. In this way, we have revealed the need to clarify comprehension processes, which are indispensable for reading online, and we have begun to chart the path to ensure that online journalism is an ideal material for reading online. Thirdly, starting from the basis outlined above, we have introduced the focus of our study: the use of the digital press in SFL as a powerful virtual material for reading skills, and how it can be used in the SFL classroom. Assuming the considerations discussed above, we will present a course as a practical approach that follows the guidelines of the CEFR (2002). Its objective is to develop activities related to reading comprehension, taking into consideration digital journalism as a material and resource exploiting the various alternatives offered by ICT. This practical vision has been approved by a sample of a pilot group of SFL professors. In addition, as a case study, we used a didactic proposal with three Egyptian students of SFL, who were interviewed later in order to accentuate the challenges faced with the use of journalistic text as a hypertext material in the field of SFL. In this way, the developed thesis has addressed a theoretical section, and another empirical, underlining the peculiarities of the virtual texts, and, reflectively, which are reflected in digital journalism for the class of FL as a context of reception and interpretation, generating positive effects for the apprentices.Abbas El Sayed Abd El Rady, A. (2019). El uso de la prensa digital en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en el aula de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/116835TESI

Impact on plant productivity under low-fertility sandy soil in arid environment by revitalization of lentil roots

Lentil is one of the essential legume crops, which provides protein for humans and animals. This legume can improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, which is imperative in low-fertility soils. The growth and productivity of lentil could be enhanced through improving nutrition and root revitalization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of root activator (RA) and phosphorus (P) application on morphological, physiological, agronomic, and quality traits of lentil under newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment. The RA was applied at four levels of 0 (RA0-untreated control), 1.25 (RA1), 2.5 (RA2), and 3.75 (RA3) l ha–1. RA contained 9% potassium humate, 1,600 ppm indole butyric acid, 200 ppm gibberellic acid, and 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid. The recommended rate of phosphorus (P) fertilization in the newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil (75 kg P2O5 ha–1) was applied, and its amount was increased and decreased by 25 kg P2O5 ha–1 vs. non-added control. Thus, P rates were applied at four rates 0 (P0; control), 50 (P1), 75 (P2), and 100 (P3) kg phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ha–1. Our results revealed that treated lentil plants with the high levels of both treatments (RA3 and P3) exhibited superiority in root measurements (root length, total number of nodules plant−1, number of active nodules plant−1, dry weights of active nodules, and total root), nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, yield traits, and seed proteins and carbohydrates. However, the recommended P level (75 kg P2O5 ha–1, P2) under the high level of RA (3.75 l ha–1, RA3) displayed non-significant differences in yield traits (plant height, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield ha–1) and quality traits (protein and carbohydrate) with the high P level (100 kg P2O5 ha–1, P3). Accordingly, its recommended economically and environmentally to use this coapplication of RA3 and P3 in low-fertility soil for better lentil growth, and seed yield and quality

Improvement of drought tolerance in five different cultivars of Vicia faba with foliar application of ascorbic acid or silicon

Aim of study: To explore the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) or silicon (Si) in improving drought tolerance in five faba bean cultivars under irrigation water deficit (IWD).Area of study: The experimental farm; 30° 36′ N, 32° 16′ E, Egypt.Material and methods: Three drip irrigation regimes (WW, well-watered, 4000 m3 water ha-1; MD, moderate drought, 3000 m3 water ha-1; and SD, severe drought, 2000 m3 water ha-1) were applied to plants, which were sprayed 25, 40, and 55 days after sowing with 1.5 mM AsA or 2.0 mM Si vs distilled water as a control.Main results: Drought negatively affected physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, relative water content, membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage (EL), and lipid peroxidation), which restricted plant growth and yields, and stimulated alterations in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. However, AsA or Si application mitigated drought effects on physiological attributes, improving growth, yields and water use efficiency by raising antioxidant activities and suppressing lipid peroxidation and EL in stressful cultivars. The mitigating effects of AsA and Si were more pronounced under MD.Research highlights: ‘Nubaria-2’, ‘Giza-843’, and ‘Sakha-3’ were more tolerant than ‘Giza-716’ and ‘Sakha-4’, suggesting the use of AsA or Si to ameliorate the IWD effects on stressful cultivars. Certain physiological traits exhibited positive association with growth and seed yield, demonstrating their importance in enhancing seed yield under irrigation treatments

Review: The Stochastic Approach and Systems of Index Numbers

The main objective of the paper is to review a number of widely used multilateral index numbers for International comparisons of purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real incomes that can be derived using the stochastic approach. The paper discuss that price index numbers from commonly used methods like the Ikleacute, the Rao-weighted, and an additive multilateral system are all estimators of the parameters of the countryndashproductndashdummy (CPD) model. The paper also presents the method of moments (MOM) as an approach to estimate PPPs under the stochastic approach and shows how the GearyndashKhamis system of multilateral index numbers is a method of moments estimator of the parameters of the CPD model.nbs