Discriminant analysis for the prediction and classification of tick-borne infections in some dairy cattle herds at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

This study was undertaken to use the variable loadings in linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to determine the most important predictors for the discrimination of tick-borne diseases (TBDs), particularly babesiosis and anaplasmosis and predict the group membership from the predictors. In total, 163 cattle, from different localities at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, were investigated in 2012 and 2013 for the presence of TBDs. All cattle were clinically examined and a clinical index score was determined for each cow. Blood samples were also collected from each animal for adopting microscopy and diagnostic laboratory methods. Out of the examined cattle, 83 animals were acutely-ill (Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale were identified in 11 and 10 animals, respectively), while 80 cows were apparently healthy but having previous attacks of blood parasites (23 animals harbored anaplasma marginale (asymptomatic carriers)). The remained 119 animals were negative to TBDs. Fourteen animals were not survived and 149 cases were survived. As the result of the first LDA to discriminate babesiosis, anaplasmosis and negative to TBDs, 89.0% of animals were correctly classified; 78.8% (26/33) for anaplasma, 100% (11/11) for babesia infections, 90.8% (108/119) for negative to TBDs, respectively. The important predictors for the discrimination were oculonasal discharge, bloody feces, hemoglobinuria, bloody feces and respiratory rate. On the other hand, the second LDA discrimination showed high classification accuracy of 87.1% for the discrimination of survivors and non-survivors; 89.9% (134/149) for survivors and 57.1% (8/14) for non-survivors, while the important predictors included oculonasal discharge, recumbent posture and nervous sign

Conceptualizing Shari\u27a in the Modern State

THIS Article addresses the animated and evolving role that Shari\u27a, i.e., the system of Islamic jurisprudence collectively or generally, and Shari\u27a conceptions play in the contemporary world. There are various manifestations of this evolving role in the often dynamic, subtle, highly negotiated, and far from formalistic ways that Shari\u27a is animated in today\u27s world. There are three main points that I will address in this Article. First is to provide some insight into the various ways that Shari\u27a has been manifesting in the recent revolutions sweeping through the Arabic-speaking world, while at the same time contrasting the rather curious case of the various anti-Shari\u27a legislations proposed in parts of the United States, as well as some of the anti-Shari\u27a European discourses taking place. Second, I will address two basic conceptualizations of Shari\u27a that we find historically not just persistent, but historically competing and often wrestling for space. Although these conceptualizations have clear points of demarcation and delineation, they are quite broad and disagree in some fundamental and basic assumptions, particularly in epistemological, as well as ontological and deontological, assumptions;Finally, I will address the way that the assumptions of each of these conceptualized perspectives or schools of thought in Shari\u27a have expressed themselves in various ages and historical contexts. Indeed, we find that there are very particular attributes or particular characteristics to the way that each conceptualized view of Shari\u27a expresses itself in various historical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Villanova Law Review is the property of Villanova University School of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder\u27s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.

A CONSIDERATION OF THE MATERIALS FOR TEACHING PAST TENSES IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR COURSE BOOKS

The study examines 30 grammar course books to find out how past tense lessons are organised, and what kind of approaches are adopted by materials’ developers to design them for the different targeted learners (Beginners to advanced). Various pedagogical frameworks for the design of teaching materials are reviewed, in the light of SLA research findings related to the acquisition of grammar. To examine the constructs of past tenses in the selected sample of course books, the methodology adopted in this research draws on mix-methods and case study (quantitative and qualitative analyses) for the purpose of ensuring validity. Data was collected using checklists that aim to account for the different components used by material developers to teach past tenses including form, meaning and activities. The findings reveal a strong implication of internal and external factors of L2 acquisition in the process of designing past tenses materials. Finally, the results indicate an interesting trend about the different uses of grammar activities according to learners’ language proficiency level. In this way, the findings of the present research seem to contradict the previous studies that claim the unique use of controlling activities by materials developers

Islamic Law and Ambivalent Scholarship

This book reminds me of the image of the arrogantly condescending and blustering tourist in Cairo who drifts into a store that has taken the trouble of prominently displaying the price of their commodities in nicely typed tags. Nevertheless, the tourist walks in, reads the price tag, and then proclaims, Okay, what is the real price? The poor store employee stares at him with incredulity, and simply repeats the price on the tag, and, in response, the tourist emits this knowing and smug smile as if saying, I know you guys, you never mean what you say; everything in Arab culture is negotiable, everything is subject to bargaining, and I will not be fooled. Of course, the tourist misses the point. The price on the tag is the real price, and there is no expectation of haggling, bargaining, or any other reconstruction of reality. Before arriving in Cairo, however, the tourist has already received a steady dosage of advice about the Arab bazaar. Everything, the tourist is told, in the Arab market is negotiable; so never take any of the advertised prices at face value, and argue and haggle to your heart\u27s content. Lawrence Rosen\u27s book is not intended to give advice to tourists about how to get the most for their money; it is nothing short of an attempt to explain the Islamic and Arab conception of justice. The author explicitly adopts the bazaar as the relevant model for understanding Islamic conceptions of justice, whether old or new, rural or urban, social or legal, or Muslim or Arab. But like our haggling tourist, whether intentionally or not, he ends up essentializing and deprecating his subject into a caricature that, although based on some truth, is largely a fictional invention

Effect of Educational Program on Nurses' Performance Regarding Prevention and Management of Intravenous Extravasation Chemotherapy

Context: Systemic chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in curative therapy for patients with hematological neoplasms and several types of advanced solid tumors. Extravasation describes an anticancer agent's accidental leakage from a vessel into the surrounding tissues, leading to irreversible local injuries and severe disability. Despite its considerable clinical importance, evidence-based information on extravasation in chemotherapy is lacking. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on nurses' performance regarding the prevention and management of intravenous extravasation chemotherapy. Methods: The following hypotheses were formulated to achieve the study aim. H1: Nurses' performance related to the prevention and management of intravenous extravasation chemotherapy will be improved after implementing the educational program compared to the pre-program. H2: There will be a significant correlation between nurses’ knowledge and practice post-program implementation. A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to conduct the current study in the oncology unit at Benha University Hospital. A convenience sample consisting of all available nurses (n=40) working in the oncology unit was recruited to achieve the aim of this study. Two tools were used, the nurses' knowledge assessment questionnaire and the nurses' practice observational checklist regarding the prevention and management of intravenous extravasation chemotherapy. Results: This study shows that most nurses had an unsatisfactory level of total knowledge and inadequate total practice regarding the prevention and management of intravenous extravasation chemotherapy pre-program implementation (85% and 56%). This result improved significantly regarding all knowledge and practice elements immediately post-program implementation, where the majority of the nurses had a satisfactory level of their total knowledge and adequate total practice (95% and 94%) that was slightly decreased three months after program implementation (75%) for both knowledge and practice. Conclusion: The majority of the nurses surveyed had an unsatisfactory performance level (knowledge and practice) concerning the prevention and management of intravenous extravasation chemotherapy pre-program implementation. In contrast, most of the studied nurses had statistically significant improvement in their performance immediately and after three months from program implementation, which supported the current study hypotheses. The study recommended continuous in-service training programs and establishing guidelines to help the oncology nurses revise, acquire, and develop their knowledge and practice regarding preventing and managing intravenous extravasation chemotherapy

Soul Searching and the Spirit of Shari\u27a: A Review of Bernard Weiss\u27s The Spirit of Islamic Law

In this book review, Khaled Abou El Fadl offers a review of Bernard G. Weiss\u27, The Spirit of Islamic Law