31 research outputs found
Lâ impact de lâaudit social sur lâengagement organisationnel des salariĂ©s : Cas des entreprises exportatrices de la rĂ©gion Souss Massa (Etude descriptive)
Les recherches en sciences de gestion ont proposĂ© un ensemble de travaux centrĂ©s sur la thĂ©matique de lâaudit social et celle de lâengagement organisationnel. Toutefois, la recherche parait limitĂ©e sur lâinteraction de ces deux variables. Ce qui nous a ce qui nous pousse Ă intĂ©grer une troisiĂšme variable celle de lâintention de quitter lâentreprise.
Les objectifs principaux de notre recherche sont : Comment faire pour fidĂ©liser les salariĂ©s, pour quâils restent dans lâorganisation ? Comment tirer profit de ces Ă©lĂ©ments tout en leur assurant lâĂ©panouissement et la rĂ©alisation de soi ? Quelles pratiques de GRH faut-il appliquer, et crĂ©er sâil le faut, pour responsabiliser ces « porteurs du savoir » et les pousser Ă donner le meilleur dâeux-mĂȘmes ? Autant de questions se posent pour les responsables des ressources humaines.
Nous avons optĂ© pour le secteur de lâindustrie agroalimentaire (IAA) a la rĂ©gion de Souss Massa comme terrain dâinvestigation. Ce dernier est considĂ©rĂ© parmi les six secteurs Ă©mergents appelĂ©s Ă jouer le rĂŽle de locomotive Ă©conomique du pays.
La recherche sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e en une phase Ă visĂ©e confirmatoire rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de 350 entreprises agro-alimentaires (certifiĂ©es et non-certifiĂ©es) Ă la rĂ©gion de Souss Massa.
 
Lâ impact de lâaudit social sur lâengagement organisationnel des salariĂ©s : Cas des entreprises exportatrices de la rĂ©gion Souss Massa (Etude empirique)
La recherche en sciences de gestion a proposé une série de travaux, centrés sur les thÚmes de l'audit social et de l'engagement organisationnel. Cependant, la recherche semble se limiter à l'interaction entre ces deux variables. Cela nous a incité à intégrer la troisiÚme variable, l'intention de quitter l'entreprise.
Notre recherche a pour objectif principal de dĂ©finir comment faire pour fidĂ©liser les salariĂ©s, pour quâils restent dans lâorganisation ? Comment tirer profit de ces Ă©lĂ©ments tout en leur assurant lâĂ©panouissement et la rĂ©alisation de soi ? Quelles pratiques de GRH faut-il appliquer, et crĂ©er sâil le faut, pour responsabiliser ces « porteurs du savoir » et les pousser Ă donner le meilleur dâeux-mĂȘmes ?
Le concept de lâaudit social apparaĂźt pertinent car il interroge le fonctionnement organisationnel et le rĂŽle de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH).
Nous avons optĂ© pour le secteur de lâindustrie agroalimentaire (IAA) a la rĂ©gion de Souss Massa comme terrain dâinvestigation. Ce dernier est considĂ©rĂ© parmi les six secteurs Ă©mergents appelĂ©s Ă jouer le rĂŽle de locomotive Ă©conomique du pays.
La recherche sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e en une phase Ă visĂ©e confirmatoire rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de 350 entreprises agro-alimentaires (certifiĂ©es et non-certifiĂ©es) Ă la rĂ©gion de Souss Massa
Genetic and Modifiable Risk Factors Contributing to Cisplatin-Induced Toxicities
Effective administration of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy is often limited by off-target toxicities. This clinical dilemma is epitomized by cisplatin, a platinating agent that has potent antineoplastic activity due to its affinity for DNA and other intracellular nucleophiles. Despite its efficacy against many adult-onset and pediatric malignancies, cisplatin elicits multiple off-target toxicities that can not only severely impact a patientâs quality of life, but also lead to dose reductions or the selection of alternative therapies that can ultimately affect outcomes. Without an effective therapeutic measure by which to successfully mitigate many of these symptoms, there have been attempts to identify a priori those individuals who are more susceptible to developing these sequelae through studies of genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Older age is associated with cisplatin induced ototoxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Traditional genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in ACYP2 and WFS1 associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss. However, validating associations between specific genotypes and cisplatin-induced toxicities with enough stringency to warrant clinical application remains challenging. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to specific adverse sequelae following cisplatin-based therapy with a focus on ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression and nausea/emesis. We discuss variables (genetic and nongenetic) contributing to these detrimental toxicities, and currently available means to prevent or treat their occurrence
La ResponsabiliteÌ Sociale des entreprises au Maroc: Cas dâune entreprise exportatrice certifieÌe GLOBALG.A.P. Risk- Assessment on Social Practice (GRASP)
Le Maroc eÌtant un pays exportateur, se doit dâappliquer des normes internationales vis-aÌ-vis des clients eÌtrangers, qui exigent le respect des lois internationales en vigueurs, en matieÌre de responsabiliteÌ sociale, aÌ travers lâadoption dâune panoplie de normes a fort essence et ultimatum social. Parmi lesdites normes a fort caracteÌre social nous allons citer la norme GLOBALG.A. P (GRASP), qui aborde les aspects speÌcifiques de la santeÌ, de la seÌcuriteÌ et du bien-eÌtre des travailleurs.
Ce travail a pour objectif dâeÌtudier lâapplication des exigences de la norme GRASP dans une entreprise exportatrice de la reÌgion Souss Massa, et plus preÌciseÌment les trois principes suivants : Les repreÌsentants du personnel, lâexistence des contrats de travail des salarieÌs et finalement, si lâentreprises dispose dâun systeÌme dâenregistrement du temps de travail de ces derniers.
Cette eÌtude de nature qualitative deÌmontre que lâapplication des normes sociales repreÌsentent en soit une contrainte qui engendre dâune part, pour les dirigeants des entreprises exportatrices plus de charges, mais dâautre part un sentiment dâappartenance et de seÌcuriteÌ pour les salarieÌs ainsi quâune opportuniteÌ pour sâouvrir sur une multitude de marcheÌs internationaux
Mutational analysis of the RB1 gene in Moroccan patients with retinoblastoma
PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma (RB), the most common intraocular tumor occurring in infancy and early childhood, is most often related to mutations in the RB1 gene. In this study, we screened the RB1 germline mutations in 41 unrelated Moroccan patients with retinoblastoma, 25 heritable cases, and 16 sporadic unilateral cases.
METHODS: After complete ophthalmic examinations were performed and consent obtained, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and screening of RB1 mutations was performed with PCR direct sequencing of the promoter and the 27 coding exons of the RB1 gene.
RESULTS: We identified ten germline mutations in 10/41 (24.39%) unrelated patients, among which three had not been previously reported. The mutation detection rate was 40% (10/25) in the heritable cases and 0% (0/16) in the sporadic unilateral cases. Of these mutations, six were nonsense, and three were frameshifts, all associated with severe phenotypes resulting in bilateral and multifocal tumors. One splice site mutation was found in a familial case associated with a low expressivity phenotype resulting in unilateral and unifocal tumors. Moreover, eight intronic variants were identified, three of which were novel.
CONCLUSIONS: This first report of RB1 gene screening in Moroccan patients with retinoblastoma shows a comparable mutational spectrum to those reported previously, which has evident importance for managing patients with retinoblastoma and their families
Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Adverse Metabolic Outcomes in North American Testicular Cancer Survivors
Background: Testicular cancer survivors (TCS) are at significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with metabolic syndrome (MetS) an established risk factor. No study has addressed clinical and genetic MetS risk factors in North American TCS. Patients and Methods: TCS were aged <55 years at diagnosis and received first-line chemotherapy. Patients underwent physical examination, and had lipid panels, testosterone, and soluble cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) evaluated. A single nucleotide polymorphism in rs523349 (5-α-reductase gene, SRD5A2), recently implicated in MetS risk, was genotyped. Using standard criteria, MetS was defined as â„3 of the following: hypertension, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, and diabetes. Matched controls were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: We evaluated 486 TCS (median age, 38.1 years). TCS had a higher prevalence of hypertension versus controls (43.2% vs 30.7%; P<.001) but were less likely to have decreased HDL levels (23.7% vs 34.8%; P<.001) or abdominal obesity (28.2% vs 40.1%; P<.001). Overall MetS frequency was similar in TCS and controls (21.0% vs 22.4%; P=.59), did not differ by treatment (P=.20), and was not related to rs523349 (P=.61). For other CVD risk factors, TCS were significantly more likely to have elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (17.7% vs 9.3%; P<.001), total cholesterol levels (26.3% vs 11.1%; P<.001), and body mass index â„25 kg/m2 (75.1% vs 69.1%; P=.04). On multivariate analysis, age at evaluation (P<.001), testosterone level â€3.0 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR], 2.06; P=.005), and elevated sICAM-1 level (ORhighest vs lowest quartile, 3.58; P=.001) were significantly associated with MetS. Conclusions and Recommendations: Metabolic abnormalities in TCS are characterized by hypertension and increased LDL and total cholesterol levels but lower rates of decreased HDL levels and abdominal obesity, signifying possible shifts in fat distribution and fat metabolism. These changes are accompanied by hypogonadism and inflammation. TCS have a high prevalence of CVD risk factors that may not be entirely captured by standard MetS criteria. Cancer treatmentâassociated MetS requires further characterization
Variants in WFS1 and Other Mendelian Deafness Genes are Associated with Cisplatin-Associated Ototoxicity
Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs worldwide and one of the most ototoxic. We sought to identify genetic variants that modulate cisplatin-associated ototoxicity (CAO). Experimental Design: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CAO using quantitative audiometry (4-12 kHz) in 511 testicular cancer survivors of European genetic ancestry. We performed polygenic modeling and functional analyses using a variety of publicly available databases. We used an electronic health record cohort to replicate our top mechanistic finding. Results: One SNP, rs62283056, in the first intron of Mendelian deafness gene WFS1 (wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein) and an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for WFS1 met genome-wide significance for association with CAO (P=1.4x10-8). A significant interaction between cumulative cisplatin dose and rs62283056 genotype was evident, indicating that higher cisplatin doses exacerbate hearing loss in patients with the minor allele (P=0.035). The association between decreased WFS1 expression and hearing loss was replicated in an independent BioVU cohort (n=18,620 patients, Bonferroni adjusted P\u3c0.05). Beyond this top signal, we show CAO is a polygenic trait and that SNPs in and near 84 known Mendelian deafness genes are significantly enriched for low P-values in the GWAS (P=0.048). Conclusions: We show for the first time the role of WFS1 in CAO and document a statistically significant interaction between increasing cumulative cisplatin dose and rs62283056 genotype. Our clinical translational results demonstrate that pre-therapy patient genotyping to minimize ototoxicity could be useful when deciding between cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens of comparable efficacy with different cumulative doses
Adverse Health Outcomes in Relationship to Hypogonadism After Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Study of Testicular Cancer Survivors
Background:
This study examined the prevalence of hypogonadism, its clinical and genetic risk factors, and its relationship to adverse health outcomes (AHOs) in North American testicular cancer survivors (TCS) after modern platinum-based chemotherapy.
Patients and Methods:
Eligible TCS were <55 years of age at diagnosis and treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Participants underwent physical examinations and completed questionnaires regarding 15 AHOs and health behaviors. Hypogonadism was defined as serum testosterone levels â€3.0 ng/mL or use of testosterone replacement therapy. We investigated the role of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs6258 and rs12150660) in the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) locus implicated in increased hypogonadism risk in the general population.
Results:
Of 491 TCS (median age at assessment, 38.2 years; range, 18.7â68.4 years), 38.5% had hypogonadism. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis identified hypogonadism risk factors, including age at clinical evaluation (odds ratio [OR], 1.42 per 10-year increase; P=.006) and body mass index of 25 to <30 kg/m2 (OR, 2.08; P=.011) or â„30 kg/m2 (OR, 2.36; P=.005) compared with <25 kg/m2. TCS with â„2 risk alleles for the SHBG SNPs had a marginally significant increased hypogonadism risk (OR, 1.45; P=.09). Vigorous-intensity physical activity appeared protective (OR, 0.66; P=.07). Type of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimen and socioeconomic factors did not correlate with hypogonadism. Compared with TCS without hypogonadism, those with hypogonadism were more likely to report â„2 AHOs (65% vs 51%; P=.003), to take medications for hypercholesterolemia (20.1% vs 6.0%; P<.001) or hypertension (18.5% vs 10.6%; P=.013), and to report erectile dysfunction (19.6% vs 11.9%; P=.018) or peripheral neuropathy (30.7% vs 22.5%; P=.041). A marginally significant trend for increased use of prescription medications for either diabetes (5.8% vs 2.6%; P=.07) or anxiety/depression (14.8% vs 9.3%; P=.06) was observed.
Conclusions:
At a relatively young median age, more than one-third of TCS have hypogonadism, which is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors, and erectile dysfunction. Providers should screen TCS for hypogonadism and treat symptomatic patients
Clinical and Genome-Wide Analysis of Serum Platinum Levels after Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Purpose:
Serum platinum is measurable for years after completion of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBC). We report the largest investigation of serum platinum levels to date of 1,010 testicular cancer survivors (TCS) assessed 1-35 years after CBC and evaluate genetic contributions to these levels.
Experimental Design:
Eligible TCS given 300 or 400 (±15) mg/m2 cisplatin underwent extensive audiometric testing, clinical examination, completed questionnaires and had crude serum platinum levels measured. Associations between serum platinum and various risk factors and toxicities were assessed after fitting a bi-exponential model adjusted for follow-up time and cumulative cisplatin dose. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the serum platinum residuals of the dose and time-adjusted model.
Results:
Serum platinum levels exceeded the reference range for approximately 31 years, with a strong inverse relationship with creatinine clearance at follow-up (age-adjusted p = 2.13Ă10â3). We observed a significant, positive association between residual platinum values and luteinizing hormone (age-adjusted p=6.58Ă10â3). Patients with high residual platinum levels experienced greater Raynaudâs phenomenon than those with medium or low levels (age-adjusted ORhigh/low = 1.46; p = 0.04), as well as a higher likelihood of developing tinnitus (age-adjusted ORhigh/low = 1.68, p = 0.07). GWAS identified one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) meeting genome-wide significance rs1377817 (p=4.6Ă10â8, a SNP intronic to MYH14).
Conclusions:
This study indicates that residual platinum values are correlated with several cisplatin-related toxicities. One genetic variant is associated with these levels