Psychologiczne i społeczne aspekty oceniania

Artykuł z numeru 2/2012 internetowego czasopisma edukacyjnego ORE "Trendy

Biodegradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Despite intensive efforts put on prevention of environment pollution by nitroaromatic compounds, these xenobiotics have not been eliminated from the biosphere. The physicochemical properties make nitroaromatics extremely recalcitrant to biodegradation. Therefore, microbial degraders of these pollutants are sought after. This paper reports preliminary results of the study on degradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) by a basidiomycetous fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium under stationary conditions in a culture medium containing 0.05–0.5% v/v of DNS. The results obtained suggest that the fungus degrades DNS through the reductive pathway

Dual therapy based on raltegravir and boosted protease inhibitors : the experience of Polish centers

Introduction: The aim of the study was to present the experience of Polish centers regarding dual therapy based on the integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) for treating treatment-naïve and -experienced HIV-infected patients. Material and methods: The paper concerns a retrospective multicenter study. The medical databases of six main Polish HIV centers from January 2009 to December 2014 were analyzed for the use of combined antiretroviral treatment consisting of RAL + PI/r. This study included 126 HIV-infected patients receiving RAL + PI/r therapy, of whom 17 patients were treatment-naive and 109 patients were treatment-experienced. Results: In treatment-experienced patients, the most common reasons for the introduction of a RAL + PI/r regimen were virologic failure and impaired renal function (45 of 109 patients). In the treatment-naïve group kidney disease was the cause of the RAL + PI/r regimen in 3 of 17 participants. In treatment-experienced patients, 80% of individuals still were on RAL + PI/r treatment after 12 months, 65% after 24 months and 53% of subjects after 60 months. In both groups, the simplification of the antiretroviral regimen was the most common reason for discontinuation of RAL + PI/r based therapy. Conclusions: In antiretroviral-experienced patients the dual therapy based on RAL + PI/s is safe and effective. In antiretroviral-naïve patients the RAL + PI/r regimen is rarely used in Poland

Real-life study of dual therapy based on dolutegravir and ritonavir-boosted darunavir in HIV-1-infected treatment-experienced patients

<div><p>Background</p><p>Dual therapy based on dolutegravir and ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DTG/DRV/r) is a combination of well-known drugs with a high genetic barrier to HIV resistance.</p><p>Method</p><p>A retrospective analysis of all HIV-1 infected treatment-experienced patients who switched to DTG/DRV/r from May 2014 till March 2017 in 4 Polish centres–results of a 48-week treatment.</p><p>Results</p><p>The study group consisted of 59 men and 17 women. Median baseline parameters were: age– 42.7 years, CD4 cells count– 560.5 cells/μl, CD4 cells nadir– 150 cells/μl, <i>number</i> of prior antiretroviral <i>regimens–</i> 3. The introduction of dual therapy was primarily due to virologic failure (30 patients), adverse events on previous regimens (17 patients) and therapy simplification (27 patients). At week 48 the treatment <i>was continued</i> in 70/76 of patients and the median CD4 cells count increased from 560.5 to 641.0 cells/μl. The therapy was discontinued in six patients (1 –virologic failure, 1 –decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 1 –myalgia, 3 –lost to follow-up). At week 48 six patients had detectable viremia, but only in one patient viremia was higher than 200 copies/ml. At week 48 the level of serum total cholesterol of the investigated subjects was statistically significantly higher than at the moment of dual therapy introduction (185.8 mg/dl vs. 174.8 mg/dl- p<0.05). However, in patients previously not treated with TDF, there were no changes in lipid parameters during therapy. <i>Proteinuria</i> was observed in 13.2% of patients before the switch to dual therapy and in 7.1% of patients at week 48.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The investigated dual therapy was effective and safe. The observed increase in lipid parameters only concerned the patients who had used a TDF-based regimen prior to analysed dual treatment.</p></div

Hornbeam pollen in the air of Poland in 2018

The study compares the hornbeam pollen seasons in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Drawsko Pomorskie, Zielona Gora, Opole, Sosnowiec, Cracow, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Warsaw, Lublin, Olsztyn and Szczecin in 2018. The investigations were carried out using the volumetric method (Hirst type pollen sampler). Seasonal Pollen Index was estimated as the sum of daily average pollen concentrations in the given season. Pollen season was defined as the period in which 98% of the annual total catch occurred. The pollen season of hornbeam started first in Bialystok, on the April 3rd. At the latest, a pollen season ended in Lublin and Sosnowiec at the beginning of May. However, in most other cities the season lasted till the end of April. The differences of pollen seasons duration were considerable, from 16 to 36 days. The highest airborne concentration of 168 pollen grains/m3 was noted in Lublin on the April 14th. The maximum values of seasonal pollen count occurred between April 12th and 16th. The highest hornbeam pollen allergen hazard occurred in 2018 in Lublin, Warsaw and Piotrkow Trybunalski

Analysis of the plantain pollen season in selected Polish cities in 2018

The paper presents the course of pollen season of plantain in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Drawsko Pomorskie, Cracow, Lublin, Olsztyn, Opole, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Sosnowiec, Szczecin, Warsaw, Wroclaw and Zielona Gora in 2018. Measurements were performed by the volumetric method (Burkard and Lanzoni pollen samplers). Pollen season was defined as the period in which 98% of the annual total catch occurred. The plantain pollen season started in the first decade of May and lasted until the end of September. Despite such a long pollen season in Poland, only in some cities there are days with an average concentration exceeding 10 P/m3. Significant differences were observed in annual sum values. The highest values were recorded in Lublin (400 grains) and Zielona Gora (308 grains), and the lowest in Drawsko Pomorskie (160 grains) and Olsztyn (184 grains). The value of annual average in 2018 was usually lower than in the previous years

Goosefoot pollen in the air of selected Polish cities in 2011

W pracy przedstawiono przebieg sezonu pylenia komosy w 2011 roku. Badania prowadzono w Sosnowcu, Szczecinie, Wrocławiu, Krakowie, Warszawie, Lublinie, Bydgoszczy, Piotrkowie Trybunalskim, Drawsku Pomorskim i Łodzi z zastosowaniem metody wolumetrycznej przy użyciu aparatów typu Burkard i Lanzoni. Sezon pyłkowy wyznaczono metodą 98% rocznej sumy ziarn pyłku. Najwcześniej pyłek komosy zarejestrowano w Szczecinie (31 maja), najpóźniej w Lublinie (13 czerwca). Najwyższe stężenie pyłku komosy, wynoszące 63 z/m3, zanotowano w Szczecinie 3 lipca.This paper presents the course of goosefoot pollen season in selected cities of Poland in 2011. The measurements were performed in Sosnowiec, Szczecin, Kraków, Wrocław, Warszawa, Lublin, Bydgoszcz, Piotrków Trybunalski, Drawsko Pomorskie and Łódź, use of volumetric method with Burkard and Lanzoni Spore Trap. The duration of the pollen seasons was defined as the period in which 98% of the annual total catch occurred. The pollen seasons of goosefoot started first in Szczecin (31th May), the latest in goosefoot 63 pollen grains/m3, was recorded in Szczecin on the 3th of July

The analysis of oak pollen count in selected Polish cities in 2014

Praca przedstawia przebieg sezonu pylenia dębu w wybranych punktach pomiarowych większych miast Polski w 2014 r. Pomiary wykonywano we Wrocławiu, w Sosnowcu, Krakowie, Lublinie, Szczecinie, Bydgoszczy, Drawsku Pomorskim, Olsztynie, Warszawie, Piotrkowie Trybunalskim i Zielonej Górze. Badania prowadzono metodą objętościową przy użyciu aparatów firmy Burkard i Lanzoni. Sezon pyłkowy wyznaczono jako okres, w którym w powietrzu występuje 95% rocznej sumy ziaren pyłku dębu. Pylenie dębu w 2014 r. rozpoczęło się z dużym przyśpieszeniem w stosunku do 2013 r. Najwcześniej pyłek dębu zarejestrowano w Szczecinie, bo już 3 kwietnia. Najpóźniej pyłek tego taksonu pojawił się w Lublinie, dopiero 24 kwietnia. Najwyższe średniodobowe stężenie pyłku dębu – 380 z/m3 powietrza – odnotowano 14 kwietnia we Wrocławiu.This paper presents the course of oak pollination season in selected cities of Poland in 2014. The measurements were performed in Wroclaw, Sosnowiec, Cracow, Lublin, Szczecin, Bydgoszcz, Drawsko Pomorskie, Olsztyn, Warsaw, Piotrkow Trybunalski and Zielona Gora. Volumetric method with the use of Volumetric Spore Trap (Burkard, Lanzoni) was implemented. Pollen season was defined as the period in which 95% of the annual total catch occurred. Pollen season of oak in 2014 started faster in comparison to 2013. The season started first in Szczecin (3 April). The highest 24-hour average pollen count was recorded in Wroclaw on 14 April (380 oak pollen grains/m3)

The oak in the air of selected Polish cities in 2011

Praca przedstawia przebieg sezonu pylenia dębu w wybranych punktach pomiarowych większych miast Polski w 2011 roku. Pomiary wykonywano we Wrocławiu, Sosnowcu, Krakowie, Lublinie, Bydgoszczy, Białymstoku, Warszawie i Szczecinie. Badania prowadzono metodą objętościową przy wykorzystaniu aparatów firmy Burkard i Lanzoni. Sezon pyłkowy wyznaczono jako okres, w którym w powietrzu występuje 95% rocznej sumy ziaren pyłku dębu. Pylenie dębu w 2011 roku rozpoczęło się z lekkim opóźnieniem w stosunku do 2009 roku. Najwcześniej pyłek dębu zarejestrowano w Krakowie, bo już 6 kwietnia. Najpóźniej pyłek tego taksonu pojawił się w Lublinie – dopiero 28 kwietnia. Najwyższe wartości średniodobowych stężeń pyłku dębu odnotowano we Wrocławiu, gdzie 23 kwietnia wystąpiło stężenie 480 z/m3 powietrza.This paper presents the course of oak pollination season in selected cities of Poland in 2011. The measurements were performed in Wrocław, Sosnowiec, Kraków, Lublin, Bydgoszcz, Białystok, Warszawa and Szczecin. Volumetric method with the use of Volumetric Spore Trap (Burkard, Lanzoni) was implemented. Pollen season was defined as the period in which 95% of the annual total catch occurred. Pollen season of oak in 2011 started later in comparison to 2009. The season started first in Kraków (6 April). The highest 24-hour average pollen count was recorded in Wrocław on 23 April (480 oak pollen grains/1m3)