Non-surgical management of patients with ectopic pregnancy: A review

An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency. Currently, surgery is the main method of therapy, and non-surgical management with methotrexate is considered an acceptable alternative. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist and has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of trophoblast cells. There are various methotrexate regimens; the choice is based on the level of β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, the location of the ectopic pregnancy and the patient's adherence to treatment. Therapy of ectopic tubal pregnancy with methotrexate is an effective and safe alternative to surgical treatment, does not affect the ovarian reserve and preserves the woman's fertility

The Relationship Between the Strategies of Transferring the Meanings of Information Messages and the Meaning-of-Life Orientations of Social Networks Users

The aim of the work is to identify strategies for transferring the meanings of information messages used by students in social networks, and how these strategies are related to the students’ meaning-of-life orientations. The study was conducted with the use of a theoretical method, as well as a survey, a content analysis, an expert method, a psychodiagnostic method, descriptive statistics, and also nonparametric tests, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman’s rank correlation method. Among modern youth, social networks are one of the most common sources of obtaining and distributing information. Therefore, it is important to find out what strategies for transferring the meanings of information messages are used by respondents. The expert method and content analysis allow us to identify 6 strategies for transferring meanings that students use in communication when transferring the meanings of various publications in social networks. Further analysis shows that each strategy has its own features of the meaning-of-life orientations components and significant relationships between the strategies of the meanings transferring and the components of the meaning-of-life orientations of social networks users are also revealed. Thus, we can conclude that the features of the transferring of meanings are significantly influenced by the meaning-of-life orientations, in particular, goals in life. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of the semantic communication in social networks, the results of which can influence the effectiveness of communication, training, and the interaction among users

The Relationship Between the Strategies of Transferring the Meanings of Information Messages and the Meaning-of-Life Orientations of Social Networks Users

The aim of the work is to identify strategies for transferring the meanings of information messages used by students in social networks, and how these strategies are related to the students’ meaning-of-life orientations. The study was conducted with the use of a theoretical method, as well as a survey, a content analysis, an expert method, a psychodiagnostic method, descriptive statistics, and also nonparametric tests, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman’s rank correlation method. Among modern youth, social networks are one of the most common sources of obtaining and distributing information. Therefore, it is important to find out what strategies for transferring the meanings of information messages are used by respondents. The expert method and content analysis allow us to identify 6 strategies for transferring meanings that students use in communication when transferring the meanings of various publications in social networks. Further analysis shows that each strategy has its own features of the meaning-of-life orientations components and significant relationships between the strategies of the meanings transferring and the components of the meaning-of-life orientations of social networks users are also revealed. Thus, we can conclude that the features of the transferring of meanings are significantly influenced by the meaning-of-life orientations, in particular, goals in life. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of the semantic communication in social networks, the results of which can influence the effectiveness of communication, training, and the interaction among users

Chromosome and Molecular Analyses Reveal Significant Karyotype Diversity and Provide New Evidence on the Origin of Aegilops columnaris

Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. is tetraploid grass species (2n = 4x = 28, UcUcXcXc) closely related to Ae. neglecta and growing in Western Asia and a western part of the Fertile Crescent. Genetic diversity of Ae. columnaris was assessed using C-banding, FISH, nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA analyses, and gliadin electrophoresis. Cytogenetically Ae. columnaris was subdivided into two groups, C-I and C-II, showing different karyotype structure, C-banding, and FISH patterns. C-I group was more similar to Ae. neglecta. All types of markers revealed significant heterogeneity in C-II group, although group C-I was also polymorphic. Two chromosomal groups were consistent with plastogroups identified in a current study based on sequencing of three chloroplast intergenic spacer regions. The similarity of group C-I of Ae. columnaris with Ae. neglecta and their distinctness from C-II indicate that divergence of the C-I group was associated with minor genome modifications. Group C-II could emerge from C-I relatively recently, probably due to introgression from another Aegilops species followed by a reorganization of the parental genomes. Most C-II accessions were collected from a very narrow geographic region, and they might originate from a common ancestor. We suggest that the C-II group is at the initial stage of species divergence and undergoing an extensive speciation process

Cytotoxic Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes from Co-Culture of the Marine-Derived Fungi <i>Aspergillus carneus</i> KMM 4638 and <i>Beauveria felina</i> (=<i>Isaria felina</i>) KMM 4639

Chemical investigation of a coculture of the marine-derived fungi Beauveria felina KMM 4639 and Aspergillus carneus KMM 4638 led to the identification of three new drimane-type sesquiterpenes, asperflavinoids B, D and E (2, 4, 5), and nine previously reported related compounds. The structures of these compounds were established using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with known analogues. We also investigated the cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against several cancer and normal cell lines. Asperflavinoid C (3) and ustusolate E (9) exerted a significant effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell viability, with IC50 values of 10 µM, and induced in caspase-dependent apoptosis and arrest of the MCF-7 cell cycle in the G2/M phase in these cells

The effect of etiopathogenetic therapy of COVID-19 on the severity of the disease: results of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial

Aim. The search for etiopathogenetic agents to prevent the development of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 remains relevant. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the antibody-based biological drug (Raphamin). Materials and methods. 785 outpatients 18–75 y.o. with laboratory confirmed mild COVID-19 were included within 24 hours from the disease onset. 771 patients were randomized to the group Raphamin (n=382) and the Placebo group (n=389). The study drug/placebo was prescribed for 5 days. The rate of progression to a more severe degree of COVID-19 by day 28 as well as the time to sustained clinical recovery and the frequency of hospitalization were evaluated. Safety was assessed taking into account adverse events, vital signs and laboratory parameters. Results. The number of cases of progression to a more severe degree of COVID-19 in participants receiving Raphamin was 59 (15.5%) [52 (14.6%)] versus placebo – 89 (22.9%) [85 (23.7%)], ITT and [PP] analysis data are presented. The odds ratio between groups was OR=0.6157 [OR=0.5494], 95% confidence interval 0.4276–0.8866 [0.3750–0.8048], which meant a reduction in the chance of progression to a more severe degree by 38.4% [45.1%] or 1.48 [1.62] times; p=0.0088 [p=0.0019]. The time to sustained recovery in the Raphamin group was 4.5±2.4 [4.6±2.4] days, versus placebo – 5.8±4.7 [6.0±4.8] days; p=0.0025 [p=0.0036]. No adverse events with a certain relationship were registered. Conclusion. Raphamin reduces the risk of progression to a more severe degree of the COVID-19 and significantly shortens the duration of clinical symptoms

EFFICIENCY OF USING THE ADAPTED GOAT’S MILK FORMULA IN THE DIET OF HEALTHY YOUNG INFANTS: A MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background. There is no doubt that it is necessary to study the efficiency of milk formulas that are introduced into the Russian market of baby food. This applies to both new products and known brands of formulas whose composition is subject to change.Objective. Our aim was to assess the clinical efficacy of the adapted goat's milk formula in the diet of young infants.Methods. We conducted a prospective comparative study with healthy full-term  children aged 0–5 months being on a formula (main group) or breast feeding (comparison group). The tolerability of the adapted goat's milk formula, the dynamics of anthropometric indicators, changes in body composition as well as microscopic characteristics  of stool and general clinical and biochemical parameters  of peripheral blood were assessed after 1 month.Results. Good tolerability of the goat's milk formula was noted in 184 (96.8%) of 190 children in the main group. In the course of taking the product, the proportion of children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract decreased significantly from 57 (30%) to 27 (14%) (p &lt; 0.001). Physical development,  complete blood count results, the levels of ferritin, prealbumin and 25(OH)D in children of the main group and the comparison group (n = 71) were comparable and were within the mean age parameters. Qualitative analysis of the level of specific IgE to goat's milk proteins did not reveal any sensibilization in any of the children receiving the milk formula, either at the beginning of the study or after 1 month of taking the product.Conclusion. The studied adapted goat's milk formula can be used in nutrition of young infants in cases of lack or absence of mother's milk