Interleaving Gains for Receive Diversity Schemes of Distributed Turbo Codes in Wireless Half–Duplex Relay Channels

This paper proposes the interleaving gain in two different distributed turbo-coding schemes: Distributed Turbo Codes (DTC) and Distributed Multiple Turbo Codes (DMTC) for half-duplex relay system as an extension of our previous work on turbo coding interleaver design for direct communication channel. For these schemes with half-duplex constraint, the source node transmits its information with the parity bit sequence(s) to both the relay and the destination nodes during the first phase. The relay received the data from the source and process it by using decode and forward protocol. For the second transmission period, the decoded systematic data at relay is interleaved and re-encoded by a Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) encoder and forwarded to the destination. At destination node, the signals received from the source and relay are processed by using turbo log-MAP iterative decoding for retrieving the original information bits. We demonstrate via simulations that the interleaving gain has a large effect with DTC scheme when we use only one RSC encoder at both the source and relay with best performance when using Modified Matched S-Random (MMSR) interleaver. Furthermore, by designing a Chaotic Pseudo Random Interleaver (CPRI) as an outer interleaver at the source node instead of classical interleavers, our scheme can add more secure channel conditions

Professional Secrecy and Privileged Communication in Medical Practice

A medical professional has the faith and confidence of society in him/her. It is his utmost duty and responsibility to uphold the ethical standards of confidentiality, set forth in the Hippocratic Oath, the Declaration of Geneva, the International Code of Medical Ethics and the World Health Organization. Communication between the physician and his patient is privileged. This information can only be divulged, in part, under special circumstances

Performance and efficiency optimization of multi-layer IoT edge architecture

Abstract. Internet of Things (IoT) has become a backbone technology that connects together various devices with diverse capabilities. It is a technology, which enables ubiquitously available digital services for end-users. IoT applications for mission-critical scenarios need strict performance indicators such as of latency, scalability, security and privacy. To fulfil these requirements, IoT also requires support from relevant enabling technologies, such as cloud, edge, virtualization and fifth generation mobile communication (5G) technologies. For Latency-critical applications and services, long routes between the traditional cloud server and end-devices (sensors /actuators) is not a feasible approach for computing at these data centres, although these traditional clouds provide very high computational and storage for current IoT system. MEC model can be used to overcome this challenge, which brings the CC computational capacity within or next on the access network base stations. However, the capacity to perform the most critical processes at the local network layer is often necessary to cope with the access network issues. Therefore, this thesis compares the two existing IoT models such as traditional cloud-IoT model, a MEC-based edge-cloud-IoT model, with proposed local edge-cloud-IoT model with respect to their performance and efficiency, using iFogSim simulator. The results consolidate our research team’s previous findings that utilizing the three-tier edge-IoT architecture, capable of optimally utilizing the computational capacity of each of the three tiers, is an effective measure to reduce energy consumption, improve end-to-end latency and minimize operational costs in latency-critical It applications

The genetic control of reproductive development under high ambient temperature

Ambient temperature has a large impact on reproductive development and grain yield in temperate cereals. However, little is known about the genetic control of development under different ambient temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), high ambient temperatures accelerate or delay reproductive development depending on the photoperiod response gene PHOTOPERIOD1 (Ppd-H1) and its upstream regulator EARLY FLOWERING3 (HvELF3). A natural mutation in Ppd-H1 prevalent in spring barley delayed floral development and reduced the number of florets and seeds per spike, while the wild-type Ppd-H1 or a mutant Hvelf3 allele accelerated floral development and maintained the seed number under high ambient temperatures. High ambient temperature delayed the expression phase and reduced the amplitude of clock genes and repressed the floral integrator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T1 independently of the genotype. Ppd-H1-dependent variation in flowering time under different ambient temperatures correlated with relative expression levels of the BARLEY MADS-box genes VERNALIZATION1 (HvVRN1), HvBM3, and HvBM8 in the leaf. Finally, we show that Ppd-H1 interacts with regulatory variation at HvVRN1. Ppd-H1 only accelerated floral development in the background of a spring HvVRN1 allele with a deletion in the regulatory intron. The full-length winter Hvvrn1 allele was strongly down-regulated, and flowering was delayed by high temperatures irrespective of Ppd-H1. Our findings demonstrate that the photoperiodic and vernalization pathways interact to control flowering time and floret fertility in response to ambient temperature in barley

Removing Barriers to Facilitate Efficient Water Markets in the Murray Darling Basin – A Case Study from Australia

Water markets have been seen as an effective way of addressing water scarcity and allocation issues. In this paper we discuss the role and characteristics of water markets in facilitating efficient water allocation. Administrative, regulatory and/or political barriers to effective functioning of water markets are reviewed with a focus on southern Murray-Darling Basin in Australia. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the costs of existing restrictions and the benefits from potential changes in the water markets (eg. removing barriers in temporary water market). The modelling results reveal that when expanding trade from intraregional only to interregional trade, mean annual net returns increased from $2,502 million to$2,590 million (i.e. an increase of $88 million). When the current volume restrictions, exchange rates, and trading charges are in place, mean annual net returns reduced from$2,590 million to $2,573 million (i.e. a reduction of$17 million). The exclusion of any state from the interstate water trading market imposes significant costs. If South Australia, New South Wales or Victoria withdraws from the market, it reduces net returns by $27 million,$31 million and $63 million, respectively, from water trading. In conclusion, the policy implications on strategies to removing market barriers are outlined to facilitate efficient and effective water trading.market barrier, opportunity cost, temporary water market, efficient water market, Australia

Spatial and temporal assessment of groundwater recharge in the Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia (South) Project area

Irrigation programs / Drainage / Groundwater / Monitoring / Recharge / Aquifers / Water table / Irrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Waterlogging / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia

Interpretation of creep crack growth data for ½ CMV steel weldments

Abstract½Cr½ Mo¼ V (½ CMV) steel has been used in high temperature power plant piping due to its enhanced weld properties. Creep crack growth testing has been performed on compact tension C(T) specimens of ½CMV (low alloy ferritic) steel at 540◦C on both parent metal specimens as well as fine and coarse grained heat affected zone (HAZ) specimens, where the initial crack is located within the HAZ. The data has been interpreted using the fracture mechanics parameter C* against the crack growth rate. The creep toughness parameter, Kcmat, is also evaluated for the material. It was seen that, for a given C* value, the fine grained HAZ material generally exhibits higher crack growth rates than the post weld heat treated coarse grained HAZ