Aquaculture-Fisheries Interactions

In this paper, I investigate aquaculture externalities on fisheries, affecting either habitat, wild fish stock genetics, or fishing efficiency under open-access and rent-maximising fisheries. This is done with a Verhulst-Schaefer model of fish population-dynamics and production, coupled with a simple aquaculture production model. Externalities are modelled by letting carrying capacity, the stock’s intrinsic growth rate, or catchability coefficient in the fishery depend on aquaculture production. The different externalities can give totally opposite results on steady-state fishing effort, yield, and stock, even for only negative externalities. With a catchability externality, increased unit cost of fishing effort implies reduced aquaculture production to maximise benefits to society under reasonable assumptions. Resource allocation between the industries is analysed under three different coastal management regimes: 1) aquaculture has a primary right of use; 2) joint management of aquaculture and fishery; 3) fishers have a primary right of use, including the right to sell marine farming rights.Aquaculture, fisheries, externality, interactions, carrying capacity, intrinsic growth rate, catchability coefficient, habitat, genetics., Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Public Economics, Q22, R52,

Aquaculture-Fisheries Interactions

Assuming externalities from aquaculture to fisheries, we use a Verhulst-Schaefer model of fish population-dynamics and production, coupled with an aquaculture production model, to investigate effects on open-access and rent-maximising fisheries. Externalities are modelled by letting carrying capacity, intrinsic growth rate or catchability coefficient in the fishery depend on aquaculture production. We find that the different externalities can give opposite effects on steady state fishing effort, yield and stock, even for only _negative_ externalities. With a catchability externality, for social optimum, increased unit cost of fishing can imply reduced aquaculture production under reasonable assumptions. We also look at allocation between the industries under three different management regimes for coastal areas: 1) Aquaculture has a primary right of use; 2) Optimal management of aquaculture and fishery; 3) Fishers have a primary right of use, but may allow marine farming, possibly against payment

Gevinster realisert, eller mer kaffe konsumert? : hvordan realiseres gevinster fra digitaliseringsog RPA-prosjekter i norske kommuner?

Hovedformålet med denne masterutredningen er å gi innsikt i hvordan norske kommuner håndterer gevinstrealisering i digitaliserings- og RPA-prosjekter. Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet (KMD) lanserte 11. juni 2019 sin digitaliseringsstrategi: «Én digital offentlig sektor». Presset øker i offentlig sektor for å opprettholde tjenestetilbud i en velferdsstat med større og eldre befolkning. Effektivisering gjennom digitalisering står sentralt for kommunene hvis de skal rustes for fremtiden. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) er et av de teknologiske verktøyene som skal gi gevinster i digitaliseringsprosjekter. Undersøkelser viser derimot at gevinstene fra IKT-prosjekter ofte uteblir. Derfor tok vi i denne masterutredningen for oss følgende forskningsspørsmål; Hvordan realiseres gevinster fra digitaliserings- og RPA-prosjekter i norske kommuner? For å belyse forskningsspørsmålet gjennomførte vi en abduktiv studie med kvalitativt datagrunnlag. Datainnsamlingen foregikk gjennom semistrukturerte dybdeintervjuer med fageksperter og representanter fra ulike kommuner. Det abduktive aspektet innebar en dynamisk fremgangsmetode, som kjennetegnes ved å bevege seg frem og tilbake mellom teori og empiri, for å fastsette de mest sannsynlige hypotesene knyttet til problemstillingen. Våre funn indikerer at RPA-prosjekter gir en rekke planlagte og ikke-planlagte gevinster, men at planlagte kostnadsbesparelser uteblir på kort sikt. Gevinstarbeidet i praksis samsvarer i liten grad med beste praksis fra rammeverk og relevant litteratur. Vår hypotese, basert på tidligere forskning, er at gevinstoppnåelsen blir svekket når arbeid med gevinstrealisering ikke er systematisk nok. Gjennom analyser av funn opp mot relevant litteratur, kom vi frem til at mangelen på systematikk i gevinstarbeidet skyldtes både «organisatoriske» og «metodiske» årsaker. De organisatoriske årsakene dreier seg i store trekk om rigide organisasjonsstrukturer, kompliserende budsjetteringsordninger, svake insentiver og mangelfull rolleavklaring. De metodiske årsakene knyttes til omfattende og lite anvendbare rammeverk, samt misforståelse av sentrale begreper. I korte trekk tyder våre funn på at kommuner kan forbedre uthentingen av gevinster betydelig gjennom større grad av systematisk metode i gevinstarbeidet. For en del kommuner betyr dette antagelig at en organisatorisk omstilling er nødvendig. For andre kommuner tror vi et enklere rammeverk med tydeligere begrepsavklaring vil være utslagsgivende. Derfor har vi valgt å utforme et eget rammeverk basert på eksiterende litteratur og kommunenes erfaringer.nhhma

Seafood production in Northern Norway: Analyzing variation and co-development in aquaculture and coastal fisheries

Norway is one of the leading ocean-based food production nations. Its seafood industry comprises wild-capture fisheries and farmed fish production. Both industries play a provisional role but also contribute to economic development of the country and help sustain coastal communities, particularly, in Northern Norway. Coastal fishery has been the staple industry in Northern Norway for centuries, while aquaculture complemented the seafood production in this region only approximately 40 years ago. To date, there has been limited knowledge on how the two industries co-developed in Northern Norway. While there are controversies regarding the potential cost and benefit of aquaculture to local communities, only a few studies have addressed co-existence of the two seafood industries in Northern Norway on a municipality scale. In this study, we compared the development of coastal fisheries and aquaculture in Northern Norway over a 14-year period (2005–2018) using a Bayesian approach that allowed to fit a model specific to each municipality, accounting also for temporal changes in both industries. A strong stochastic spatial variation characterized both industries, indicating a sizeable gap in the seafood production between the municipalities. Finally, the study showed that the fisheries and aquaculture likely did not affect each other’s production, suggesting that there were no or few discernible conflicts or synergies between these two industries in Northern Norway. This study featured an advanced method for analyzing variation of seafood production per administrative unit that can be transferable to assess seafood development in other regions of Norway and beyond

The Norwegian registry for spine surgery (NORspine): cohort profile

Purpose - To review and describe the development, methods and cohort of the lumbosacral part of the Norwegian registry for spine surgery (NORspine). Methods - NORspine was established in 2007. It is government funded, covers all providers and captures consecutive cases undergoing operations for degenerative disorders. Patients’ participation is voluntary and requires informed consent. A set of baseline-, process- and outcome-variables (3 and 12 months) recommended by the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement is reported by surgeons and patients. The main outcome is the Oswestry disability index (ODI) at 12 months. Results - We show satisfactory data quality assessed by completeness, timeliness, accuracy, relevance and comparability. The coverage rate has been 100% since 2016 and the capture rate has increased to 74% in 2021. The cohort consists of 60,647 (47.6% women) cases with mean age 55.7 years, registered during the years 2007 through 2021. The proportions > 70 years and with an American Society of Anaesthesiologists’ Physical Classification System (ASA) score > II has increased gradually to 26.1% and 19.3%, respectively. Mean ODI at baseline was 43.0 (standard deviation 17.3). Most cases were operated with decompression for disc herniation (n = 26,557, 43.8%) or spinal stenosis (n = 26,545, 43.8%), and 7417 (12.2%) with additional or primary fusion. The response rate at 12 months follow-up was 71.6%. Conclusion - NORspine is a well-designed population-based comprehensive national clinical quality registry. The register’s methods ensure appropriate data for quality surveillance and improvement, and research

Insight into real-world complexities is required to enable effective response from the aquaculture sector to climate change

This study demonstrates how a comprehensive knowledge base can be used by the aquaculture industry, researchers, and policymakers as a foundation for more targeted and detailed climate change impact analysis, risk assessments and adaptation planning. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production in Norway was used as a case study and to illustrate the need to consider impacts from multiple stressors across different production stages and the wider supply chain. Based on literature searches and industry news, a total of 45 impacts and 101 adaptation responses were identified. Almost all impacts were linked to multiple climate stressors, and many adaptation responses can be used for a range of impacts. Based on the research, a move towards more targeted and detailed assessments is recommended. This can be facilitated through a strong knowledge base, further research to address complexities, and better communication between all stakeholders. The results also demonstrate the need for more climate change research that reflects the challenges that the aquaculture sector faces, where multiple stressors and the range of impacts across production stages and the wider supply chain are included. Highlighting the wide range of stressors, impacts and adaptation responses provides a more holistic understanding of the real-world complexities that aquaculture producers face. This again could facilitate adoption of more effective responses to climate change needed to maintain or increase production sustainably

Workshop on the Norwegian Sea Aquaculture Overview

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Environmental impacts of aquaculture and coexcisting industries

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