Coverage of Pak-India Relations in the Elite Press of Pakistan (June 2013- August 2013)

The present study is focused to determine the coverage of the Pak-India relations in the national press of Pakistan, for this study four newspapers two English (Daily Times and The Nation) and two Urdu (Daily Jang and Nawa i Waqt) are selected to analyse the relations between the two countries. The agenda setting theory is used in this study and the media agenda is tried to determine. The content method is used to study the contents of the editorials of the selected newspapers from June 2013 to August 2013. The study shows that both the English and Urdu newspapers has shown the negative behaviour mostly followed by neutral behaviour whereas very less positive coverage is given for all the selected categories/issues that are Cross Border insurgency, Kashmir issue, Terrorism issue and Water crisis except the Trade, Sports and Showbiz that is given very less negative coverage. Keywords: national press, Pakistan, India, cross border insurgency, Kashmir, terrorism, water, sports, trade, showbi

MARKET SNAP SHOT: A SURVEY FOR MEASURING BRAND IMAGE (LOCALLY ASSEMBLED MOTOR CYCLE)

Previous issues contained the brand equity based on Keller’s model of brand equity. From this and subsequent issues, we will present brand image based on Yound & Rubicam model. The determinants of Keller’s model as illustrated in previous issues were Awareness, Usage, Judgment, Performance and Imagery. Comparatively, the determinants of Young & Rubicam model of brand image are different. They are. Brand Differentiation. Brand Relevance. Brand Esteem. Brand Knowledge.Brand image is defined as the consumer perception of a brand and is measured as the brand associations held in the consumer memory. Determining or evaluating the brand’s image needs to take into consideration the customer’s levels of involvement with the category

IMAGE BRANDING OF LOCALLY MANUFACTURED AUTOMOBILES (CARS & MOTORCYCLES)

The objective of this study was to measure the brand identity and image of locally manufactured automobiles of Pakistan. A composite model for assessing image branding was developed and close ended questionnaire based on a Likert rating scale was administered to vendors. The field survey was carried out in November 2006. Results present individual vehicle scores on different dimensions of brand image and standard statistical tests were applied to assess significant difference among mean scores

Comparison of Outcome of Chronic Subdural Hematoma (SDH) In Terms of Recurrence with Drain and without Drain

Background/Objectives:  Chronic subdural hematoma commonly reported in neurosurgical practices. Variations are reported in neurosurgical practices regarding the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH). This study determined the outcomes of SDH with Drain and without Drain in terms of recurrence and effectiveness. Material and Methods:  A randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Group-A patients were subjected to drainage of chronic subdural hematoma without drain and Group-B patients were subjected to drainage with drain. All patients were followed up to one month for recurrence of subdural hematoma like on CT-scan. Results:  Overall, the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma in both groups was seen in 16.7% of patients and the procedures were effective in 83.3% of patients. In Group A, 79.6% of patients were successfully treated through burr hole with irrigation, while 20.4% of patients had recurrent chronic SDH. In Group B, only 13% of patients had a recurrence, while 87% of patients were successfully treated with burr with the closed continuous drainage system. An insignificant difference (p-value: 0.302) existed between groups for both types of procedures. Conclusion:  The patients who were treated with burr hole and irrigation of the subdural space with normal saline had high recurrence incidence than those with burr hole with closed continuous drainage system

Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Self-Healing Phenomena by adding Bacteria, Silica fume and Fibres

Concrete which is the most useable material in the world after the water has flaws, it is susceptible to cracking over time. These cracks occur in the form of shear cracks, flexural cracks, tension cracks, shrinkage cracks etc. With these cracks, some hair-like cracks also occur in concrete which are not visible during the visual inspection. The propagation of these cracks in concrete allows the water and many other chemicals to seep inside the concrete and leads to a decrease in its properties. Such properties include decreasing durability, erosion of rebars, and progressive failure in the concrete strength. Therefore, the repair of hair-like cracks is also essential for the long-term safety of structures. In the present study the Silica fume, and Polypropylene fibres are added to a rich concrete along with the bacteria named Bacillus Subtilis and Calcium Lactate for enhancement of its mechanical properties and self-healing phenomena. The effect of bacteria in the healing phenomenon and other properties is compared to normal concrete by casting the cylinders and beams. The slump, compressive strength, tensile strength, and self-healing phenomena are tested and found the increase in mechanical properties of concrete. The self-healing phenomena of cracks is observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Elevated Baseline Serum Fibrinogen: Effect on 2-Year Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

BackgroundElevated fibrinogen is associated with short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention, but the relation with late MACE is unknown.Methods and resultsBaseline demographics and 2-year MACE were recorded among subjects undergoing nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 332 subjects (66.6±19.5 years, 69.9% male, 25.3% acute coronary syndrome) were enrolled. Two-year MACE (periprocedural myocardial infarction 9.0%, rehospitalization 6.3%, revascularization 12.7%, non-periprocedural myocardial infarction 4.5%, stent thrombosis 0.9%, stroke 1.8%, and death 0.6%) were associated with higher fibrinogen (352.8±123.4 mg/dL versus 301.6±110.8 mg/dL; P<0.001), longer total stent length (40.1±25.3 mm versus 32.1±19.3 mm; P=0.004), acute coronary syndrome indication (38.7% versus 17.8%; P<0.001), number of bare-metal stents (0.5±1.1 versus 0.2±0.5; P=0.002), and stent diameter ≤2.5 mm (55.8% versus 38.4%, P=0.003). No relation between platelet reactivity and 2-year MACE was observed. Fibrinogen ≥280 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] 3.0, confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.4, P<0.001), total stent length ≥32 mm (OR 2.2, CI, 1.3-3.8, P<0.001), acute coronary syndrome indication (OR 4.1, CI, 2.3-7.5, P<0.001), any bare-metal stents (OR 3.2, CI, 1.6-6.1, P<0.001), and stent diameter ≤2.5 mm (OR 2.0, CI, 1.2-3.5, P=0.010) were independently associated with 2-year MACE. Following a landmark analysis excluding periprocedural myocardial infarction, fibrinogen ≥280 mg/dL remained strongly associated with 2-year MACE (37.0% versus 17.4%, log-rank P<0.001).ConclusionsElevated baseline fibrinogen level is associated with 2-year MACE after percutaneous coronary intervention. Acute coronary syndrome indication for percutaneous coronary intervention, total stent length implanted, and use of bare-metal stents or smaller-diameter stents are also independently associated with 2-year MACE, while measures of on-thienopyridine platelet reactivity are not

Sensationalizing the News Events by Pakistani Media

Current study "Sensationalizing the News Events by Pakistani Media" investigates the trend of sensationalising news reporting through content analysis as tool of inquiry. The study encompasses both qualitative and quantitative approaches of content analysis technique to examine trends of sensational news reporting by television broadcasts. Geo News, ARY News, Express News and Dawn News are analyzed from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017 from 8:00pm to 10:00pm. Sensationalism is measured by taking the breaking news items as unit of analysis. The findings of the study show that Pakistani news channels are using sensational news style to gain higher ratings and viewership. In Express newscasts more sensationalism is used as compared to Geo News. The statistical test chi-square was applied to evaluate the hypothesis which gave significant value. The results provided that news channels give more coverage to the issues related to law & order and terrorism, while less coverage to news related to judiciary. Geo News is at top position to cover political issues most frequently. The results also reveal that sensationalism is lowest in Dawn News

Intermolecular Bonding Study of Bituminous Material using Compositional Analysis

Bitumen is amorphous, black-coloured visco-elastic material, composed principally of hydrocarbons having high molecular weight characterized by “asphaltenes, resins and oils”. Investigation on the composition of Bitumen having same grade taken from different Refineries i.e., NRL, ARL as Virgin Binder (VB) and RAP (extracted from the pavement). Also the careful examination of the Intermolecular Bonding of the Bitumen Microstructure by a review of studies and correlation with its composition. In research methodology, firstly SARA analysis was performed by Column chromatography on each type of bitumen. Secondly, microstructure intermolecular bonding was investigated theoretically from the literature of methods Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), ESEM etc. and its critical analysis was conducted. From the research results, it has been found out that there are solid and liquid phases having different percentage compositions of the bitumen that are Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltenes (SARA) according to their polarizability and polarity of each type of bitumen. Asphaltene is a solid phase while the other three are in liquid phases that are basically taken from Maltene. Then Compared SARA Results of VB with RAP. Data obtained from compositional analysis of asphalt help us to handle the problems related the stability of bitumen structure. While microstructure intermolecular bonding study theoretically from the literature using techniques like SEM, ESEM etc. helped to understand the internal nature of the bitumen when it is aged, unaged and modified by many modifiers like CNF, SBS, SBR latex fibre etc

Burr Hole Evacuation of Extradural Hematoma in Mass Trauma, a Life Saving and Time Saving Procedure: Our Experience in Earth Quake of Oct 8th, 2005

Background: Traumatic brain injury represents a significant cause of mortality and permanent disability in the adult population. Extradural hematoma is one of the conditions most strongly associated with severe brain injury. Knowledge on the natural history of the illness and the outcomes of patients surgically managed may help the neurosurgeon in the decision-making process.Objective: To observe the outcome of burr hole evacuation of extradural hematoma in mass head injury.Methods: This study included patients of any age who sustained head injury in the earth quake of October 8th, 2005. Who has been diagnosed as a case of extradural hematoma on CT-Scan and has been admitted in the neurosurgery ward presenting over a period of 3 days (8th October 2005 to12th October 2005). Patients with any other associated intracranial abnormalities, such as cerebral contusions, as shown on CT, were excluded from this study. All patients were followed by serial CT scanning, and neurological assessments.Results: A total of 36 patients were included in this study. There were 25 male and 11 female patients with age ranges from 5 years to 50 years. All cases were the victim of earth quake. All patients underwent surgery for evacuation of extradural hematoma through a single burr hole. 1 patient required craniotomy for extradural hematoma due to neurological deterioration on the second postoperative day, and 1 patient died.Conclusion: From this study we concluded that as extradural hematoma is potentially fatal lesion, so in mass head injured patients like in earth quakes, evacuation of extradural hematoma through a single burr hole has good outcome with less chances of recurrence and complications

Biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joint anomalies.

PURPOSE: We aimed to define a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder, characterize its clinical features, and identify the underlying genetic cause for this condition. METHODS: We performed a detailed clinical characterization of 19 individuals from nine unrelated, consanguineous families with a neurodevelopmental disorder. We used genome/exome sequencing approaches, linkage and cosegregation analyses to identify disease-causing variants, and we performed three-dimensional molecular in silico analysis to predict causality of variants where applicable. RESULTS: In all affected individuals who presented with a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and intellectual disability we identified biallelic disease-causing variants in Protocadherin-gamma-C4 (PCDHGC4). Five variants were predicted to induce premature protein truncation leading to a loss of PCDHGC4 function. The three detected missense variants were located in extracellular cadherin (EC) domains EC5 and EC6 of PCDHGC4, and in silico analysis of the affected residues showed that two of these substitutions were predicted to influence the Ca2+-binding affinity, which is essential for multimerization of the protein, whereas the third missense variant directly influenced the cis-dimerization interface of PCDHGC4. CONCLUSION: We show that biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 are causing a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder and link PCDHGC4 as a member of the clustered PCDH family to a Mendelian disorder in humans