Determining the Mobility of some Essential Elements in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by the Neutron Activation Analysis

الغرض الرئيسي من الدراسة هو تقييم تركيزات ستة معادن أساسية (Na + ، Mg2 + ، K + ، Ca2 + ، Fe+2  و Zn+2) في الزعفران وتربة المزرعة باستخدام تحليل التنشيط النيوتروني (NAA) كطريقة قياس الطيف النووي. تم استخدام طريقة أخذ العينات العشوائية الطبقية هنا. وأظهرت نتائج NAA امتصاص البئر لـ Mg+2  و K+  و Ca+2  و Fe+2  و Zn+2  في الزعفران ، وهو أقل من نطاق السمية. بناءً على عامل التلوث ومؤشر التراكم الجغرافي ، تم تحديد مستويات تلوث التربة غير الملوثة بالزنك ، وملوثة بشكل معتدل بـ Na+  و Fe+2  ، وملوثة بشدة بـ Ca+2 و+  K و Mg+2. أشارت نتائج درجة التلوث ومؤشر حمل التلوث إلى تلوث متوسط ​​/ شديد للتربة ومتوسط ​​هندسي معتدل لمؤشر التلوث. أظهر عامل التخصيب Na + (EF) تأثيرًا ضئيلًا من صنع الإنسان على تخصيب الصوديوم. ومن المحتمل أن تكون زراعة الزعفران قد تسببت في تراكم المزيد من Mg+2  و+ K و Ca+2  و Fe+2  ، بالإضافة إلى نقص كبير في Zn+2  في التربة ، بالاعتماد على EFs. أظهر عامل التركيز البيولوجي تراكم الزنك بشكل كبير بواسطة قرم الزعفران. كان هناك انتقال جيد من القرم إلى جميع الأنسجة الهوائية لـ K+. كما قيمت نسبة امتصاص الصوديوم ، ونسبة الصوديوم القابلة للتبديل ، ودرجة الحموضة ، والتوصيل الكهربائي مستوى عدم ملوحة التربة في جميع مزارع الزعفرانThe main purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the concentrations of six essential metals (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+) in saffron and a farm soil using the neutron activation analysis (NAA) as a nuclear spectrometry method. The stratified random sampling method was used here. The NAA results showed the well uptake of Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ in saffron, which is lower than the toxicity range. Based on the contamination factor and geoaccumulation index, soil contamination levels were determined uncontaminated by Zn, moderately contaminated by Na+ and Fe2+, and strongly contaminated by Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+. Results of the contamination degree and pollution load index indicated moderately/strongly soil contamination and a moderate geometric mean of the contamination index. The Na+ enrichment factor (EF) showed a minimal man-made impact on sodium enrichment. Saffron cultivation has likely caused more accumulations of Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, and Fe2+, as well as a considerable deficiency of Zn2+ in the soil, based on EFs. The biological concentration factor showed a significant zinc accumulation by the corm of saffron. There was well translocation from corm to all the aerial tissues for K+. Also, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage, pH, and electrical conductivity evaluated the non-salinity level of soil in all saffron farms

Characterization of the rhizophora particleboard as a tissue-equivalent phantom material bonded with bio–based adhesive

In this study, some characteristics of Rhizophora spp. particleboards bonded with Serishoom (traditional animal–based adhesive) as a phantom material was investigated. The Rhizophora spp. particleboards were fabricated in two Serishoom adhesive treatment levels (6% and 12%) with three Rhizophora spp. particle sizes (≤ 149 µm, 149 µm – 500 µm, and 500 µm – 1000 µm) at 1 g.cm-3 of the target density. The internal bond strength and the dimensional stability of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were improved by using the smaller Rhizophora spp. particle size and the higher Serishoom adhesive treatment level. The effective atomic numbers of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determineted to be 7,56 to 7,58 by an energy dispersive X-ray, which is in good agreement with those of water and breast tissue. In addition, the density distribution profiles of the fabricated Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determined by the Kriging method with the use Surfer8 computer software, which indicated that there was good density homogeneity throughout the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards. The results showed a potential of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with Serishoom to be used as a phantom material

Characterization of the rhizophora particleboard as a tissue-equivalent phantom material bonded with bio–based adhesive

In this study, some characteristics of Rhizophora spp. particleboards bonded with Serishoom (traditional animal–based adhesive) as a phantom material was investigated. The Rhizophora spp. particleboards were fabricated in two Serishoom adhesive treatment levels (6% and 12%) with three Rhizophora spp. particle sizes (≤ 149 µm, 149 µm – 500 µm, and 500 µm – 1000 µm) at 1 g.cm-3 of the target density. The internal bond strength and the dimensional stability of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were improved by using the smaller Rhizophora spp. particle size and the higher Serishoom adhesive treatment level. The effective atomic numbers of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determineted to be 7,56 to 7,58 by an energy dispersive X-ray, which is in good agreement with those of water and breast tissue. In addition, the density distribution profiles of the fabricated Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determined by the Kriging method with the use Surfer8 computer software, which indicated that there was good density homogeneity throughout the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards. The results showed a potential of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with Serishoom to be used as a phantom material

Characterization of the rhizophora particleboard as a tissue-equivalent phantom material bonded with bio-based adhesive

In this study, some characteristics of Rhizophora spp. particleboards bonded with Serishoom (traditional animal-based adhesive) as a phantom material was investigated. The Rhizophora spp. particleboards were fabricated in two Serishoom adhesive treatment levels (6% and 12%) with three Rhizophora spp. particle sizes (≤ 149 µm, 149 µm - 500 µm, and 500 µm - 1000 µm) at 1 g.cm-3 of the target density. The internal bond strength and the dimensional stability of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were improved by using the smaller Rhizophora spp. particle size and the higher Serishoom adhesive treatment level. The effective atomic numbers of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determineted to be 7,56 to 7,58 by an energy dispersive X-ray, which is in good agreement with those of water and breast tissue. In addition, the density distribution profiles of the fabricated Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards were determined by the Kriging method with the use Surfer8 computer software, which indicated that there was good density homogeneity throughout the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards. The results showed a potential of the Serishoom-bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with Serishoom to be used as a phantom material