Prospective registration of symptoms and times to diagnosis in children and adolescents with central nervous system tumors: A study of the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry

Background: The elapsed time taken to diagnose tumors of the central nervous system in children and adolescents varies widely. The aim of the present study was to investigate such diagnostic time intervals at a national level in Sweden as they correlate with clinical features. Methods: Data prospectively accumulated over a 4-year period in the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry from patients aged 0-18 years were pooled, and diagnostic time intervals were analyzed considering tumor location, tumor type, patient age and sex, initial symptoms, and clinical timelines. All six pediatric oncology centers in Sweden contributed to collection of data. Time points for calculating the total diagnostic interval (TDI) defined as the time from symptom onset to diagnosis were reported in 257 of 319 patients (81%). Results: The time from symptom onset to the first healthcare consultation, median 2.6 weeks, did not vary significantly between patients categorized according to tumor type or location. The median TDI was 8.3 weeks for the 4-year study period. Patients with optic pathway glioma (TDI 26.6 weeks), those with tumors of the spinal cord (TDI 25.9 weeks), and those with midline tumors (TDI 24.6 weeks) had the longest lead times. Additionally, older age, too few initial symptoms, and seeking initial redress outside an emergency ward were factors associated with a longer time to diagnosis. Conclusion: This study identified several factors associated with delayed diagnosis of central nervous system tumors among Swedish children and adolescents. These novel data ought to help direct future efforts toward clinical improvement.</p

A Service of zbw VARIATION IN THE LEVEL Of ACTIVITy ACROSS THE STAGES Of THE ENTREPRENEURIAL STARTUP PROCESS-EVIDENCE fROM 35 COUNTRIES varIacIón En El nIvEl dE actIvIdad a través dE las Etapas dE InIcIacIón EmprEsarIal. EvIdEncIa dE 35 paísEs

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Variation in the level of activity across the stages of the entrepreneurial startup process-evidence from 35 countries

Alrich and Martínez (2001) pointed out that in entrepreneurship many are called, but few are chosen. Many entrepreneurs try seriously to create a lasting organization, but most of them do not pass through the three stages of the entrepreneurial startup process. There is scarce research exploring the entrepreneurial startup process, particularly studying across countries the prevalence of individuals in the different stages. This paper uses data collected across 35 countries participating in the 2005 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) study and we examine whether individual-level factors and national culture are related to the ratio of nascent entrepreneurs to potential entrepreneurs, and to the ratio of baby business owners to potential entrepreneurs. Our results show that there is significant variation across countries in how many individuals are active in the different stages of the entrepreneurial startup process. Our results also indicate that gender and age are related to a high ratio of nascent entrepreneurs to potential entrepreneurs.Alrich y Martínez (2001) señalan que a emprender muchos son llamados, pero pocos son elegidos. Muchos emprendedores intentan crear organizaciones que perduren, pero la mayoría de ellos no logran superar las tres etapas del proceso emprendedor. Existe muy poca investigación que examina el éxito del proceso emprendedor, sobre todo estudios que midan estas variaciones entre las etapas y que compararen entre distintos países. Este trabajo utiliza los datos de 35 países que participan en el Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) del año 2005 y examinamos los factores tanto individuales como de la cultura nacional que están relacionados con los ratios entre los emprendedores potenciales y los nacientes y entre los potenciales y los nuevos empresarios. Nuestros resultados muestran que hay variaciones significativas entre las fases iniciales del proceso emprendedor y los países. Nuestros resultados indican que el género y la edad son variables explicativas, sobre todo para la primera transición de potencial a emprendedor naciente

Variation in the level of activity across the stages of the entrepreneurial startup process-evidence from 35 countries

Alrich and Martinez (2001) pointed out that in “entrepreneurship many are called, but few are chosen”. Many entrepreneurs try seriously to create a lasting organization, but most of them do not pass through the three stages of the entrepreneurial startup process. There is scarce research exploring the entrepreneurial startup process, particularly studying across countries the prevalence of individuals in the different stages. This paper uses data collected across 35 countries participating in the 2005 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) study and we examine whether individual-level factors and national culture are related to the ratio of nascent entrepreneurs to potential entrepreneurs, and to the ratio of baby business owners to potential entrepreneurs. Our results show that there is significant variation across countries in how many individuals are active in the different stages of the entrepreneurial startup process. Our results also indicate that gender and age are related to a high ratio of nascent entrepreneurs to potential entrepreneurs.Startup process, stage prevalence rates, cross country comparison

Prospective registration of symptoms and times to diagnosis in children and adolescents with central nervous system tumors : A study of the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry

BACKGROUND: The elapsed time taken to diagnose tumors of the central nervous system in children and adolescents varies widely. The aim of the present study was to investigate such diagnostic time intervals at a national level in Sweden as they correlate with clinical features.METHODS: Data prospectively accumulated over a 4-year period in the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry from patients aged 0-18 years were pooled, and diagnostic time intervals were analyzed considering tumor location, tumor type, patient age and sex, initial symptoms, and clinical timelines. All six pediatric oncology centers in Sweden contributed to collection of data. Time points for calculating the total diagnostic interval (TDI) defined as the time from symptom onset to diagnosis were reported in 257 of 319 patients (81%).RESULTS: The time from symptom onset to the first healthcare consultation, median 2.6 weeks, did not vary significantly between patients categorized according to tumor type or location. The median TDI was 8.3 weeks for the 4-year study period. Patients with optic pathway glioma (TDI 26.6 weeks), those with tumors of the spinal cord (TDI 25.9 weeks), and those with midline tumors (TDI 24.6 weeks) had the longest lead times. Additionally, older age, too few initial symptoms, and seeking initial redress outside an emergency ward were factors associated with a longer time to diagnosis.CONCLUSION: This study identified several factors associated with delayed diagnosis of central nervous system tumors among Swedish children and adolescents. These novel data ought to help direct future efforts toward clinical improvement