Effects of space cabin environments on infection Final report, 19 Jul. 1965 - 18 Sep. 1966

Infection resistance and radiation effects on mice determined after varied exposures to space cabin environment and ambient condition

Volume Comparison for Hypersurfaces in Lorentzian Manifolds and Singularity Theorems

We develop area and volume comparison theorems for the evolution of spacelike, acausal, causally complete hypersurfaces in Lorentzian manifolds, where one has a lower bound on the Ricci tensor along timelike curves, and an upper bound on the mean curvature of the hypersurface. Using these results, we give a new proof of Hawking's singularity theorem.Comment: 15 pages, LaTe

The MAHB, the Culture Gap, and Some Really Inconvenient Truths

Humanity's failure to take adequate actions to stem a likely environmental collapse calls for extraordinary measures to understand and alter human behavior, argues Paul Ehrlich. His Millennium Assessment of Human Behavior (MAHB) aims to chart the path to a sustainable future

Lattice Effects in Crystal Evaporation

We study the dynamics of a stepped crystal surface during evaporation, using the classical model of Burton, Cabrera and Frank, in which the dynamics of the surface is represented as a motion of parallel, monoatomic steps. The validity of the continuum approximation treated by Frank is checked against numerical calculations and simple, qualitative arguments. The continuum approximation is found to suffer from limitations related, in particular, to the existence of angular points. These limitations are often related to an adatom detachment rate of adatoms which is higher on the lower side of each step than on the upper side ("Schwoebel effect").Comment: DRFMC/SPSMS/MDN, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, 25 pages, LaTex, revtex style. 8 Figures, available upon request, report# UBFF30119

CIRRUS-HL: Overview of LIM contributions

From June to July 2021, the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM) participated in the Cirrus in High Latitudes (CIRRUS-HL) campaign. Utilizing the German High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), 24 research flights were conducted out of Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The initial goal of the campaign was to sample high-latitude cirrus clouds with a combination of in-situ and remote sensing instrumentation. However, due to the global coronavirus pandemic, the flights had to be carried out from southern Germany instead of northern Sweden. Thus, the flight time in Arctic latitudes was limited. Therefore, more objectives concerning midlatitude cirrus were included in the campaign goals. LIM contributed to CIRRUS-HL with measurements by the Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) and the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem (SMART). While BACARDI measured broadband solar and terrestrial upward and downward irradiance, SMART measured spectrally resolved solar upward radiance as well as upward and downward irradiance.Von Juni bis Juli 2021 nahmen einige Mitarbeitende des LIM an der CIRRUS-HL Kampagne teil. Mit dem deutschen Forschungsflugzeug HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft) wurden 24 Forschungsflüge von Oberpfaffenhofen, Deutschland, aus durchgeführt. Ursprüngliches Ziel der Kampagne war es, Zirruswolken in hohen Breitengraden mit einer Kombination aus In-situ- und Fernerkundungsinstrumenten zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie mussten die Flüge jedoch von Süddeutschland statt von Nordschweden aus durchgeführt werden. Daher wurden weitere Ziele in Bezug auf Zirruswolken in mittleren Breiten in die Ziele der Kampagne aufgenommen. Das LIM-Team betrieb die breitbandigen und spektralen Strahlungssensoren BACARDI (Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation) und SMART (Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem), wobeiBACARDI die breitbandige solare und terrestrische Auf- und Abwärtsstrahlung und SMART die spektral aufgelöste solareAuf- undAbwärtsstrahlung sowie dieAufwärtsstrahlungsdichte maß

Numerical test of the damping time of layer-by-layer growth on stochastic models

We perform Monte Carlo simulations on stochastic models such as the Wolf-Villain (WV) model and the Family model in a modified version to measure mean separation $\ell$ between islands in submonolayer regime and damping time $\tilde t$ of layer-by-layer growth oscillations on one dimension. The stochastic models are modified, allowing diffusion within interval $r$ upon deposited. It is found numerically that the mean separation and the damping time depend on the diffusion interval $r$, leading to that the damping time is related to the mean separation as ${\tilde t} \sim \ell^{4/3}$ for the WV model and ${\tilde t} \sim \ell^2$ for the Family model. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, source LaTeX file and 5 PS figure

Rate theory for correlated processes: Double-jumps in adatom diffusion

We study the rate of activated motion over multiple barriers, in particular the correlated double-jump of an adatom diffusing on a missing-row reconstructed Platinum (110) surface. We develop a Transition Path Theory, showing that the activation energy is given by the minimum-energy trajectory which succeeds in the double-jump. We explicitly calculate this trajectory within an effective-medium molecular dynamics simulation. A cusp in the acceptance region leads to a sqrt{T} prefactor for the activated rate of double-jumps. Theory and numerical results agree

Book Reviews

Book 1 Book Title: Basic EpidemiologyBook Authors: R. Beaglehole, R. Bonita & T. KjellströmPp. viii + 174. (in English, French and Spanish in preparation). $19,40. Geneva: WHO. 1993. Order No. 1150395. ISBN 92-4-154446-5.Book 2Book Title: A Pocket Book of Social and Community PaediatricsBook Author: Jo SibertPp. viii + 164. London: Edward Arnold. 1992. ISBN 0-340-54929-7.Book 3Book Title: Knowledge Beats CancerBook Author: Albert Stegmann AlbertsPp. 226. Illustrated. R55,45. Pretoria: Haum Tertiary. 1993. ISBN 0-7986-3196-1.Book 4Book Title: AIDS and Your ResponsePp. vi + 226. R49,50. ISBN 0-620-17319-X.Book 5Book Title: Principles for Evaluating Chemical Effects on the Aged Population. Enviromnental Health Criteria. No. 144Book Author: W.H.O.Pp. 159. (English only).$20,50. Geneva: WHO. 1993. Order No. 1160144. ISBN 92-4-1571446.Book 6Book Title: The Guide to Heart Sounds: Normal and AbnormalBook Authors: Donald W. Novey, Marcia Pencak & John M. StangAudio-cassette narrated by: Donald W. Novey. pp. xi + 74. Illustrated. Florida: CRC Press. 1988. ISB J 0-8493-0153X.Book 7Book Title: Propachlor. Enviromnental Health Criteria. No. 147Book Author: W.H.O.Pp. 110. (English, French and Spanish summaries). $17,30. Geneva: WHO. 1993. Order TO. 1160147. ISBN 92-4-157147-0.Book 8Book Title: Quality Assurance in Health Care: A HandbookBook Authors: Roger Ellis & Dorothy WhittingronLondon: Edward Arnold. 1993. ISBN 0-340-55273-5.Book 9Book Title:  Rehabilitation after Cardiovascular Diseases, with Special Emphasis on Developing CountriesReport of a WHO expert committee. Technical Report Series No 831. Pp. viii + 122 (available in English, French and Spanish in preparation). Geneva: WHO. 1993. ISBN 92-4-120831-7

Reporter Discrepancies Among Parents, Adolescents, and Peers: Adolescent Attachment and Informant Depressive Symptoms as Explanatory Factors

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ehrlich, K.B., Cassidy, J. and Dykas, M.J. (2011), Reporter Discrepancies Among Parents, Adolescents, and Peers: Adolescent Attachment and Informant Depressive Symptoms as Explanatory Factors. Child Development, 82: 999-1012., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01530.x . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.The issue of informant discrepancies about child and adolescent functioning is an important concern for clinicians, developmental psychologists, and others who must consider ways of handling discrepant reports of information, but reasons for discrepancies in reports have been poorly understood. Adolescent attachment and informant depressive symptoms were examined as 2 explanations for absolute and directional discrepancies about adolescent symptoms, relationships, and social behavior in a sample of 189 eleventh-grade students (mean age = 16.5 years). Adolescent attachment predicted absolute discrepancies, with greater attachment coherence associated with fewer discrepancies in reports of adolescent depressive symptoms, parent–adolescent conflict, and adolescent externalizing behavior. Parents’ but not adolescents’ depressive symptoms sometimes predicted absolute discrepancies. Mothers’ depressive symptoms and adolescent attachment predicted the direction of discrepancies for mother–peer reports only.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01530.