12 research outputs found

    ¿Influye una mayor transparencia en la mejor gestión de los recursos públicos? El ejemplo de los ayuntamientos españoles

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    La crisis financiera iniciada en 2008 y la aparición de numerosos escándalos relacionados con la gestión de los fondos públicos, han convertido la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas en cuestiones fundamentales en el estudio de todo aquello que es catalogado como “público”. Ello ha ocurrido con la esperanza de que la transparencia mejorase la información que ofrecen las entida-des públicas y sirviese como una barrera a las maniobras políticas fraudulentas, para las que se utilizan, entre otras herramientas, los presupuestos públicos. Por ello, esta investigación tiene como principal propósito comprobar si estas crecientes exigencias en materia de transparencia presupuestaria se han traducido finalmente en mejoras de la gestión pública. Así, a partir de datos obtenidos de los cien municipios españoles de mayor población para el periodo 2008-2017, se ha podido comprobar que una mayor transparencia conduce en general a una mejor gestión financiera por parte de los ayuntamientos. Sin embargo, se ha obtenido que en algunos casos el calado de las medidas adoptadas en materia de transparencia ha sido insuficiente o al menos no tan profundo como cabía esperar. Finalmente, puede concluirse que la transparencia presupuestaria es una herramienta adecuada para conseguirlo que se pretende de ella, pero necesita de complementos de carácter procedimental y, sobre todo, de recursos humanos, que la hagan funcionar de la mejor manera posible para cumplir con su cometido

    Short-term impact of noise, other air pollutants and meteorological factors on emergency hospital mental health admissions in the Madrid region

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    A number of environmental factors, such as air pollution, noise in urbanised settings and meteorological-type variables, may give rise to important effects on human health. In recent years, many studies have confirmed the relation between various mental disorders and these factors, with a possible impact on the increase in emergency hospital admissions due to these causes. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a range of environmental factors on daily emergency hospital admissions due to mental disorders in the Madrid Autonomous Region (MAR), across the period 2013–2018

    Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

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    [Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

    Contribución del libro de texto de Biología y Geología de 3º de ESO a la adquisición de la competencia básica “aprender a aprender”

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    Este trabajo de investigación se centra en el estudio de la competencia básica “aprender a aprender” y en analizar la contribución y el tratamiento de diferentes libros de texto de Biología y Geología de 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria a la adquisición de esta competencia por parte del alumnado. Para ello, basándose en las aportaciones de instituciones a nivel nacional e internacional, y en el trabajo de diversos autores expertos en la materia, se desarrolla un método original para analizar cómo el libro de texto favorece que el alumno/a “aprenda a aprender”. Además, a partir de una encuesta, se estudia la opinión del profesorado, el cual trabaja a diario con dichos manuales de texto con respecto a dicha cuestión. Los resultados de dicha investigación muestran que existen deficiencias importantes en el tratamiento de esta competencia básica en una muestra significativa de los libros de texto analizados. Por esta razón se propone una revisión de los libros de texto de Biología y Geología de 3º de ESO y en particular, de las tareas y actividades que en ellos se recogen, así como un rediseño de determinados aspectos de los mismos para que contribuyan en mayor medida a la adquisición de la competencia “aprender a aprender” por parte del alumnado

    Role of proteins and soluble peptides as limiting components during the co-composting of agro-industrial wastes

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    The agri-food industry is at the centre of the circular economy, since the co-composting of its residual flows allows their management and adds value producing fertilisers. In this work, six composting piles were prepared combining agri-food sludge (AS), different fresh vegetable wastes (pepper waste (P), tomato waste (T), and leek waste (L), and, as bulking agents, vine shoot pruning (VS), garlic stalks (GS) and avocado leaves (AL)). Classical physico-chemical and chemical determinations and advanced instrumental methods (excitation-emission fluorescence (EEM) and gravimetric (TG, DTG and DTA) techniques) were used and compared to assess organic matter evolution and evaluate the quality of the composts obtained. The thermal profiles of the composting processes were viable to show the stabilization of the agri-food sludge with the different materials tested in the mixtures, reaching adequate levels of stabilization of organic matter. Preferential degradation of peptides and proteins was observed by fluorescence. This seemed to induce a limitation in the biodegradation of the remaining organic matter, indicating that these biomolecules are key in composting dynamics, acting as limiting components during the process. The results from thermogravimetric analysis indicated the degradation of labile compounds (e.g., carbohydrates and proteins), the most recalcitrant material becoming predominant at the maturity stage of the composting process. The rise in the thermogravimetric parameter R2 was associated with the increase in the concentration of more refracting compounds, which need more energy for their decomposition.This work has been co-financed by the bioREFINA project (Biorefinery of fertilizer products for self-consumption in fruit and vegetable farms. BioREFINA, ITC-20161161), which is led by the company Sistema Azud, SA, through the FEDER INNTERCONECTA Program, State Research Program, Development and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of the Society, within the framework of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2013–2016 (MICINN, Spain). We also thank the collaboration of the company Miguel García Sánchez e Hijos, S.L

    Psicothema

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    Resumen tomado de la publicaciónEste trabajo recoge los valores normativos de la adaptación española del Sistema Internacional de Sonidos Afectivos (IADS). El IADS es un conjunto estandarizado de 110 sonidos digitalizados, fiable y válido, para el estudio experimental de los procesos emocionales, construido a partir del modelo dimensional de las emociones propuesto por Peter J. Lang. En la adaptación española participaron 1.716 estudiantes universitarios (1.136 mujeres) que evaluaron los sonidos utilizando las escalas gráficas del Self-Assessment Manikin en sus tres dimensiones de valencia afectiva, activación y dominancia. Los resultados muestran que, al igual que en la población universitaria estadounidense, la distribución de los sonidos en el espacio bidimensional definido por la valencia afectiva y la activación adopta la típica forma de boomerang. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el conjunto de los sonidos entre hombres y mujeres ni diferencias culturales entre la muestra española y la estadounidense. Se discuten los resultados con relación al Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas (IAPS) y se presentan las tablas con los datos normativos para cada uno de los sonidos.AsturiasColegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Asturias; Calle Ildefonso Sánchez del Rio, 4-1õB; 33001 Oviedo; Tel. +34985285778; Fax +34985281374;ES

    Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

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    The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327  There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th
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