Catechol estrogens stimulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells via activation of the transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel

Estrogen hormones play an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function. Despite the significance of estrogen hormones for regulation of glucose metabolism, little is known about the roles of endogenous estrogen metabolites in modulating pancreatic β-cell function. In this study, we evaluated the effects of major natural estrogen metabolites, catechol estrogens, on insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. We show that catechol estrogens, hydroxylated at positions C2 and C4 of the steroid A ring, rapidly potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion via a nongenomic mechanism. 2-Hydroxyestrone, the most abundant endogenous estrogen metabolite, was more efficacious in stimulating insulin secretion than any other tested catechol estrogens. In insulin-secreting cells, catechol estrogens produced rapid activation of calcium influx and elevation in cytosolic free calcium. Catechol estrogens also generated sustained elevations in cytosolic free calcium and evoked inward ion current in HEK293 cells expressing the transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) cation channel. Calcium influx and insulin secretion stimulated by estrogen metabolites were dependent on the TRPA1 activity and inhibited with the channel-specific pharmacological antagonists or the siRNA. Our results suggest the role of estrogen metabolism in a direct regulation of TRPA1 activity with potential implications for metabolic diseases

Управление надёжностью и безопасностью перевозочного процесса с применением систем непрерывного мониторинга объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры

While analysing the problem of increasing reliability and safety of the rail transportation process, it is shown that modern train traffic control systems do not automatically consider the events of decrease in reliability of railway infrastructure facilities; however, such a linkage is quite possible. The proposed architecture of a promising train traffic control system can be based on railway automation and remote-control (telemechanics) systems, which have a safe information interface with the means of continuous monitoring of railway infrastructure facilities.The objective of the article is to present theoretical principles of managing reliability and safety of the transportation process using «new generation» automation systems, closely integrated with technical monitoring tools. A demonstrated simplified structure of the train traffic control system has an information interface with the means of continuous monitoring of railway infrastructure facilities. The developed reliability models of the train traffic control system consider the state of railway infrastructure facilities. It is shown that it is necessary to consider the safe state of the infrastructure system in the train traffic control system. Possibilities of managing the risks of reduced reliability and safety of the transportation process are shown using stationary monitoring tools for railway infrastructure facilities. The improvement of monitoring technology and the effective use of stationary monitoring systems makes it practically possible to implement the function of managing reliability and safety of the transportation process and the entire railway complex.Анализируется проблема повышения надёжности и безопасности перевозочного процесса на железных дорогах. Показано, что современные системы управления движением поездов автоматически не учитывают события снижения надёжности объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры, однако такая увязка вполне возможна. Приводится архитектура перспективной системы управления движением поездов, в которой основами выступают системы железнодорожной автоматики и телемеханики, имеющие безопасное информационное сопряжение со средствами непрерывного мониторинга объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры.Целью статьи является изложение теоретических принципов управления надёжностью и безопасностью перевозочного процесса с применением систем автоматизации «нового поколения» – тесно интегрированных с техническими средствами мониторинга. Представлена упрощённая структура системы управления движением поездов, имеющей информационное сопряжение со средствами непрерывного мониторинга объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры. Разработаны модели надёжности системы управления движением поездов, учитывающей состояния объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры.Показано, что в системе управления движением поездов необходимо учитывать наличие безопасного состояния инфраструктурного комплекса. Представлены возможности управления рисками снижения надёжности и безопасности перевозочного процесса за счёт использования средств стационарного мониторинга объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры.Совершенствование технологий мониторинга и эффективное использование систем стационарного мониторинга на практике позволяют реализовать функцию управления надёжностью и безопасностью перевозочного процесса и железнодорожного комплекса в целом

O estudo da composição química dos ácidos húmicos dos sapropels iniciais e tratados termicamente dos lagos do distrito de Surgut da autónoma Khanty-Mansi Okrug – Yugra

This article shows the effect of heat treatment of sapropels on the changes in the chemical composition of humic acids derived from them. Data on changes in the content of elements, the atomic relations, the degree of oxidation, graphic and statistical feature have been presented. The effect of heat treatment from 150 to 2500C on the dynamics of the processes of decarboxylized and dehydration, a comparison of the results obtained of elemental composition of humic acids of initial and heat-treated sapropels.Este artículo muestra el efecto del tratamiento térmico de los sapropeles sobre los cambios en la composición química de los ácidos húmicos derivados de ellos. Se han presentado datos sobre cambios en el contenido de los elementos, las relaciones atómicas, el grado de oxidación, la característica gráfica y estadística. El efecto del tratamiento térmico de 150 a 2500C sobre la dinámica de los procesos de descarboxilación y deshidratación, una comparación de los resultados obtenidos de la composición elemental de ácidos húmicos de sapropeles iniciales y tratados térmicamente.Este artigo mostra o efeito do tratamento térmico de sapropels sobre as alterações na composição química dos ácidos húmicos derivados deles. Dados sobre mudanças no conteúdo dos elementos, as relações atômicas, o grau de oxidação, a característica gráfica e estatística foram apresentados. O efeito do tratamento térmico de 150 a 2500C na dinâmica dos processos de descarboxilização e desidratação, uma comparação dos resultados obtidos da composição elementar de ácidos húmicos de sapropels iniciais e tratados termicamente

Model of preparation of a craftsman in the framework of continuous vocational education

The significance of the issue under study is stipulated by a social order for targeted preparation of stafffor a craft type of companies. The aim of the article is development and approbation of structural-functional model of continuous craftsman education. The main research method of the given issue is modeling which enables to see the issue as a process of targeted, continuous and conscious acquiring of vocational competences by future craftsmen, in the course of formal, non-formal and informal education. The article presents a structural-functional model of continuous craftsman education that includes formal, non-formal and informal education and outlines a complex of organizational-pedagogical conditions contributing to implementation of this model. The contents of the article might be of interest for students of craft trades, all categories of vocational-pedagogical workers, specialists of state government institutions in the area of vocational education. © Authors

Structural and functional model of future craftsmen legal competence generation during professional education

Formation of the law-governed state institutions in Russia, development of civil society, need for neutralizing the legal nihilism and generation of public legal culture, state demand for legally competent specialists, representing the public and social value, justify the relevancy of the investigated issue, on the one hand. On the other hand, it is determined by the necessity to perform and protect craft activity within the legal framework in compliance with the professional requirements, representing the personal value. Purpose of this article is to describe the progress of development and testing of structural and functional model of future craftsmen legal competence generation at the institutions of secondary professional education. The principle method to research the issue consists in simulation, which enables for representing the problem as process of task-oriented and deliberate mastering the legal competence by the future professionals during study at the institutions of secondary professional education. This article describes the structural and functional model of future craftsmen legal competence generation at the institutions of secondary professional education which consists of several interrelated components: target component, descriptive component, structuring and pragmatic component, evaluative and effective component; it determines a complex of pedagogical conditions facilitating the implementation of the model, develops a range of evaluation means to assess the level of the generated legal competence of the future craftsmen. Materials of this article can be useful for students learning the professions at the institutions of secondary professional education, for all categories of teachers and specialists in the field of professional craft education. © 2016 Romantsev et al

Spiritual and moral foundations of craft profession training

The relevance of the problem under consideration stemmed from the need of revival of craft education system in Russia which focuses on training personnel for small handicraft enterprises, and it is also very important to identify, to preserve and to adapt it to the modern realities of pedagogical experience which was gained by the vocational education system in the past. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for development of spiritual, moral, organizational and pedagogical foundations of craft vocational education development in Russia theoretically and methodologically. The central approach to the investigation of this problem is the study and generalization of pedagogical experience which makes it possible to substantiate the tendencies of formation of a new type of vocational education in Russia. The result of the study was the substantiation of the key qualities of a master craftsman as a creative thinker and craft labour as a man-making system of knowledge and practical experience forming “multidimensional human integrity”. The statement that modern craft education should take into account the productive and transforming essence of a person as fully as possible, and thus, it should be acmeologically oriented can be considered the key conclusion. The materials of the article can be useful to practitioners and vocational education scientists, teachers and postgraduate students who are interested in the development of teaching system and personnel training system. © 2018 by the authors

Design of pilot training for craft occupations in the northern region

The place and role of artisan education and artisan occupations in the contemporary society are analysed in scientific article "Adaptation of european model of artisan education to conditions of north region of Russia". Accumulated in Russia in recent years, German experience of experimental personnel training for small artisan companies is analysed, as well as peculiarities of its using in north regions of the country. Given results and conclusions may influence on the development strategy of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug system of professional education.В статье рассматриваются место и роль ремесленной деятельности и ремесленного образования в современном обществе. Анализируется немецкий опыт реализации экспериментальной подготовки кадров для малых предприятий ремесленного профиля, накопленный за последние годы в России, а также особенности его использования в северных регионах страны. Мультипликация представленной модели ремесленного образования может оказать влияние на стратегию развития системы профессионального образования Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа

Craftsman training in modern socio-economic conditions

The article deals with the professionally important characteristics of the craftsmans activity; the factors that currently hinder the professional training of craftsmans; presents a number of provisions underlying the changes in the training of craftsmans in modern socioeconomic conditionsВ статье рассмотрены профессионально важные характеристики деятельности ремесленника; факторы, сдерживающие в настоящее время профессиональную подготовку ремесленников; представлен ряд положений, положенных в основу изменения подготовки ремесленников в современных социально-экономических условия

Craft training in Russia: Theory and practice of development

The relevance of the research topic is substantiated by the social commitment to the establishment of a system of craft training focused on training personnel for craft enterprises. The purpose of the article is to provide theoretical and methodological substantiation of the necessity to provide organizational and pedagogical foundations for the development of craft training in Russia. The main method of research on this problem is the method of studying and generalizing the pedagogic experience to identify the main tendencies and contradictions of formation of a new kind of vocational education in Russia. The outcome of the research is the theoretical and methodological justification of the development of craft training as a special kind of vocational education, revealing its role and place in the social economic sphere and in the system of vocational education; the identification of the value and target base and organizational pedagogical foundations of the development of vocational education in crafts as a set of interrelated managerial and organizational, informative and technological ideas, principles and conditions taking into account the patterns and contradictions of development of this kind of education. The material of the article may be useful for practitioners and researchers in the field of vocational education, for lecturers and graduate students who are interested in the development of the system of vocational education and training. © 2016. Romantsev et al

An Absolute Flux Density Measurement of the Supernova Remnant Casseopia A at 32 GHz

We report 32 GHz absolute flux density measurements of the supernova remnant Cas A, with an accuracy of 2.5%. The measurements were made with the 1.5-meter telescope at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. The antenna gain had been measured by NIST in May 1990 to be $0.505 \pm 0.007 \frac{{\rm mK}}{{\rm Jy}}$. Our observations of Cas A in May 1998 yield $S_{cas,1998} = 194 \pm 5 {\rm Jy}$. We also report absolute flux density measurements of 3C48, 3C147, 3C286, Jupiter, Saturn and Mars.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication by AJ. Revised systematic error budget, corrected typos, and added reference