Interlocking and Radical Friendship Nets: A Formal Feature with Important Consequences

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50846/1/65.pd

Vietnam and Michigan: A Study of Faculty Opinion

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50819/1/34.pd

Open and Closed Structure

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50814/1/29.pd

New Directions in the Study of Elites: Part II. The Collectivity Structure of Community Influence

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50860/1/79.pd

Status Inconsistency and Ethnoreligious Group Membership as Determinants of Social Participation and Political Attitudes

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50837/1/55.pd

The Legal Profession: Client Interests, Professional Roles, and Social Hierarchies

There is a natural urge to study the extreme. The extreme case is likely to be conspicuous and dramatic. Sociological research on the American legal profession has not, for the most part, resisted the urge. The best-known studies examine lawyers at the extremes of the profession\u27s prestige hierarchy-e.g., Carlin\u27s study of solo practitioners and Smigel\u27s study of the Wall Street lawyer. The profession\u27s center has more often been neglected and few data are available on the bar\u27s overall social structure. Ladinsky\u27s study .of Detroit lawyers covers all types and specialities, and contributes substantially to our understanding of the profession\u27s general social structure, but it rests on a limited data base. Rueschemeyer\u27s commentary on the legal profession has a broader, comparative viewpoint and includes useful theoretical propositions, but it presents no original data on American lawyers. This Article attempts to supply some of that data by systematically describing and analyzing the social structure of the legal profession in a major city. The Article first describes the types of differentiation that might be expected within the profession, and then examines the extent to which those differences in fact occur within the Chicago bar. It concludes that the most important determinant of the profession\u27s social organization is the impact on the bar of client interests rather than of forces generated within the profession or compelled by the logic of the law. Finally, the Article compares law with medicine to demonstrate why the characteristics of the persons served more significantly determine the profession\u27s structure in law than in medicine

New Directions in the Study of Elites

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50858/1/77.pd

Unfrustrated Qudit Chains and their Ground States

We investigate chains of 'd' dimensional quantum spins (qudits) on a line with generic nearest neighbor interactions without translational invariance. We find the conditions under which these systems are not frustrated, i.e. when the ground states are also the common ground states of all the local terms in the Hamiltonians. The states of a quantum spin chain are naturally represented in the Matrix Product States (MPS) framework. Using imaginary time evolution in the MPS ansatz, we numerically investigate the range of parameters in which we expect the ground states to be highly entangled and find them hard to approximate using our MPS method.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Typos correcte

Evaluating restoration in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference?

A growing body of research suggests that natural settings are more effective in providing restoration from depleted emotional and cognitive resources than built settings. However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on which options for urban green space design and management are most effective in providing restoration. To address this need, the present study examined the restorative impacts of urban public spaces differing in naturalness. After having been pre-stressed by watching a scary movie, 102 participants were randomly assigned to viewing one of four photo/video presentations depicting an urban street, parkland, tended woodland, or wild woods. Self-reported mood and restorative state were measured at baseline, after the stressor and after viewing the environment. After controlling for stress reactivity, participants in the natural conditions showed stronger recovery on all dependent measures than those in the urban street condition. Differences in recovery among the natural settings did not reach significance. Keyword analysis revealed that the wild woods were described as more arousing than the parkland and tended woodland. There was substantial variation in recovery of vitality within natural conditions, which was related to perceptions of naturalness. In general, the findings suggest that restoration in urban public spaces depends on individual perceptions and needs as well as physical characteristics of the setting