O Presente e o Futuro

No Mundo atual, o Cancro do Colo do Útero, é o quarto cancro mais comum na mulher em todo o Mundo e o segundo em mulheres com idade entre 15 e 44 anos. Esta doença de relevo para saúde pública, manifesta a importância para a necessidade de um rastreio organizado e de qualidade, sendo de interesse médico e da população em risco, uma deteção eficaz e precoce para proceder a um tratamento adequado. A introdução do Papanicolaou em Portugal, permitiu baixar as incidências desta patologia. Nos dias atuais, surge a necessidade de adaptar o rastreio do Cancro do Colo do Útero às necessidades da população Portuguesa. Como tal, esta monografia pretende estudar a evolução epidemiológica da doença e da sua prevenção até aos presentes dias e qual a sua influência na saúde da população Portuguesa, assim como perspetivas futuras.Nowadays, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and the second in women aged 15-44 years. This disease of public health importance, demonstrates the importance of the need for an organized and quality screening, and of medical interest and of the population at risk, an effective and early detection to carry out an appropriate treatment. The introduction of Papanicolaou in Portugal, allowed to reduce the incidence of this pathology. Currently, there is a need to adapt Uterine Cervical Cancer screening to the needs of the Portuguese population. As such, this work intends to study the epidemiological evolution of the disease and its prevention up to the present days and what’s the influence on the health of the Portuguese population, as well as future perspectives

Pancreatitis as a severe complication of leptospirosis with fatal outcome: a case report

Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with a broad clinical spectrum. This disease mostly affects liver and kidney tissues. Other organs such as the pancreas, can be affected by leptospirosis-induced vasculitis. In addition, cardiac manifestations are common, and the presence of transient ECG abnormalities can be found in 70% of the patients. We report a male patient who presented with an atypical leptospirosis that progressed with severe acute pancreatitis, acute kidney injury and atrial fibrillation. Early diagnosis and adequate supportive therapy are crucial for the appropriated management of symptoms

Acoustical characterization of portuguese libraries

This paper presents the acoustical characterization of the main reading room of 28 public li-braries in Portugal. In situ measurements were held regarding the interior sound pressure lev-els (background noise, with and without the HVAC equipment working), the Noise Criteria and Noise Rating values (NC/NR), the objective speech intelligibility using the Rapid Speech Transmission Index (RASTI) and Reverberation Time (125 to 4k Hz). Two groups of librar-ies were formed (Classic and Modern libraries) regarding their interior layout and date of construction and differences were checked. Regression models among the architectural and acoustical parameters were established. The acoustical performance of these spaces concern-ing the current Portuguese legislation is analyzed and a short set of design goals are presented to help acoustical consultants to achieve a good environment in this type of building

Influência da parte da haste na propagação rápida da mandioca

A study was carried out in order to determine the influence of cuttings from different parts of the main stem (basal, medium and apical) of two cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz), on their germination and number of sprouts. The experimental design was the split-plot with five replications. The best results were obtained with the medium and basal cuttings, but even the apical ones could be used in substitution for the usual method. There was no significant difference between the cultivars used.Foram feitos estudos sobre a brotação e número de cortes, utilizando-se manivas de diferentes partes de haste principal de duas cultivares de mandioca, (Manihot esculenta Crantz) multiplicadas através de propagação rápida. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e cinco repetições, tendo nas parcelas principais duas cultivares (BGM-2 e BGM-116), e nas subparcelas três diferentes partes da haste (inferior, média e apical). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que quando se utiliza o terço apical da haste principal da planta, a brotação e o número de brotos por estaca diminuem, mas sua utilização mostrou-se viável para este tipo de propagação, quando comparado com o método tradicional. Não foram observadas diferenças entre cultivares, no que diz respeito à percentagem de germinação e número de cortes

Uso potencial de folhas de batata-doce para consumo humano

The objective of this work was to select sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes with leaves with potential to be used for human consumption. Twenty-six experimental genotypes and four commercial cultivars were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and ten plants per plot. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Leaf shape and lobe, aerial-part yield, edible-leaf yield, edible-leaf percentage, edible-leaf dry mass, and latex production, as well as leaf total chlorophyll, pH, soluble solids contents, titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds, and anthocyanin contents, were evaluated. Roots were characterized as to their pulp and peel colors. Fifteen genotypes presented the highest aerial-part (29.6 to 51.8 Mg ha-1) and edible‑leaf (7.8 to 12.7 Mg ha-1) yields. In the biochemical analysis, high contents of chlorophyll, total phenolics, and anthocyanins were observed. In addition, pH, soluble solids, and leaf titratable acidity did not differ significantly among the evaluated genotypes. Leaves of ten genotypes are recommended for human consumption.O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas) com folhas com potencial para serem usadas para consumo humano. Vinte e seis genótipos experimentais e quatro cultivares comerciais foram testados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e dez plantas por parcela. O ensaio foi realizado no município de Lavras, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados formato e lóbulo da folha, produção da parte aérea, produção de folhas comestíveis, percentagem de folha comestível, massa seca de folha comestível e produção de látex, bem como clorofila total, pH, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, compostos fenólicos totais e teor de antocianinas das folhas. As raízes foram caracterizadas quanto às cores da sua polpa e casca. Quinze genótipos apresentaram as maiores produtividades de parte aérea (29,6 a 51,8 Mg ha-1) e de folhas comestíveis (7,8 a 12,7 Mg ha-1). Nas análises bioquímicas, foram observados altos teores de clorofila, compostos fenólicos totais e antocianinas. Além disso, pH, sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável foliar não diferiram significativamente entre os genótipos avaliados. As folhas de dez genótipos são recomendadas para alimentação humana

Atrial fibrosis and decreased connexin 43 in rat hearts after exposure to high-intensity infrasound

Background: Noise is an important environmental risk factor. Industrial environments are rich in high-intensity infrasound (hi-IFS), which we have found to induce myocardial and coronary perivascular fibrosis in rats. The effects of exposure to IFS on the ventricles have been studied, but not on the atria. We hypothesized that rats exposed to hi-IFS develop atrial remodeling involving fibrosis and connexin 43, which we sought to evaluate. Material and methods: Seventy-two Wistar rats, half exposed to hi-IFS (120 dB, < 20 Hz) during a maximum period of 12 weeks and half age-matched controls, were studied. Atrial fibrosis was analyzed by Chromotropeaniline blue staining. The immunohistochemical evaluation of Cx43 was performed using the polyclonal antibody connexin-43 m diluted 1:1000 at 4 degrees C overnight. Digitized images were obtained with an optical microscope using 400 x magnifications. The measurements were performed using image J software. A two-way ANOVA model was used to compare the groups. Results: The mean values of the ratio "atrial fibrosis / cardiomyocytes" increased to a maximum of 0.1095 +/- 0,04 and 0.5408 +/- 0,01, and of the ratio "CX43 / cardiomyocytes" decreased to 0.0834 +/- 0,03 and 0.0966 +/- 0,03, respectively in IFS-exposed rats and controls. IFS-exposed rats exhibited a significantly higher ratio of fibrosis (p < .001) and lower ratio of Cx43 (p = .009). Conclusion: High-intensity infrasound exposure leads to an increase in atrial interstitial fibrosis and a decrease in connexin 43 in rat hearts. This finding reinforces the need for further experimental and clinical studies concerning the effects of exposure to infrasound

Effectiveness of sequential viscosupplementation in temporomandibular joint internal derangements and symptomatology : a case series

Viscosupplementation is a minimally invasive technique that replaces synovial fluid by intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA). Although effective in some joints, there is not conclusive evidence regarding temporomandibular disorders. +is case series described the efficacy of a viscosupplementation protocol in intra-articular temporomandibular disorders. Ten patients with a diagnosis of disc displacement and/or osteoarthritis by Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were submitted to four monthly injections of low or medium molecular weight HA. Pain, mandibular function, image analysis by tomography and magnetic resonance, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and follow-ups (1 and 6 months). Pain, jaw range-of-motion, mandibular function, and quality of life improved at follow-up evaluations. Osteoarthritis changes decreased, and 20% of patients improved mandibular head excursion after treatment. Resolution of effusion and improvement in disc morphology were observed for most patients. +is viscosupplementation protocol reduced pain and symptoms associated with internal derangement of temporomandibular joint, improved quality of life, and showed benefits from both low and medium molecular weight HA in alternate cycles

Diferença entre isolados de lesões mancha de olho pardo e cercospora negra em cafeeiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the difference between the isolates from two cercospora leaf spot symptoms (brown eye spot and black spot) in relation to conidial morphology, mycelial growth, cercosporin production, and reproduction of symptoms in coffee leaves collected in three municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There was a difference between the isolates for the studied variables, but without any relation to the type of symptom. The differences found were not associated with the origin of the isolates. The symptoms characterized as black spot were associated with different host conditions during the infection process.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diferença entre isolados de dois tipos de sintomas de cercosporiose do cafeeiro (mancha de olho pardo e cercospora negra) em relação à morfologia conidial, ao crescimento micelial,  à produção de cercosporina e à reprodutibilidade dos sintomas em folhas de cafeeiro coletadas em três municípios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Observou-se diferença entre os isolados para as variáveis estudadas, mas sem relação com o tipo de sintoma. As diferença encontradas não foram associadas à origem do isolado. Os sintomas caracterizados como cercospora negra foram associados a diferentes condições do hospedeiro durante o processo de infecção

Effect of training loads on physiological parameters of soccer players

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar os efeitos de três semanas de treinamentos com intensidades monitoradas sobre a capacidade aeróbia de futebolistas profissionais. Quatorze futebolistas integrantes de equipe da primeira divisão do Campeonato Brasileiro de 2010, foram avaliados pré e pós três semanas de treinamento. O limiar anaeróbio (LAn) foi determinado pelo método bi-segmentado, para isso quatro esforços submáximos de 800 metros com intensidades de 10, 12, 14 e 16 km/h foram aplicados. Trinta três sessões de treinamentos foram quantificadas em zonas de acordo com frequência cardíaca referente ao LAn (FCLAn): Z1 – 10% abaixo, Z2 – 90-100% e Z3 – acima da FCLAn. Durante os treinamentos os jogadores permaneceram 31,17±14,86%, 42,96±14,90% e 25,87±16,67% em Z1, Z2 e Z3, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no LAn (pré = 13,29 ± 0,71 km∙h-1 ; pós=12,85 ± 0,90 km∙h-1 ), percepção subjetiva de esforço correspondente ao LAn (pré = 11,53 ± 1,45 u.a; pós=11,23 ± 1,53 u.a) e FCLAn (pré = 166,64 ± 10,69 bpm; pós = 174,50 ± 10,89 bpm), indicando que três semanas de treinamento são insuficiente para gerar adaptações positivas no LAn de futebolistas.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three weeks of training with intensity monitored on the aerobic capacity of professional soccer players. Fourteen players, members of a first division Brazilian Championship team in 2010, aged 22.78 ± 3.06 years were evaluated pre and post three weeks of training. The anaerobic threshold intensity LAn was determined by bi-segmented method, for this four submaximal efforts of 800 meters with intensities 10, 12, 14 and 16 km/h were applied. Thirty three training sessions were quantified in zones according to heart rate related to the LAn (FCLAn): Z1 – 10% below, Z2 – 90-100% and Z3 – above the FCLAn. During training participants remained 31.17 ± 14.86%, 42.96% and 25.87 ± 14.90 ± 16.67% in Z1, Z2, and Z3 respectively. There were no significant differences in the LAn (pre = 13,29 ± 0,71 km∙h-1 ; post = 12,85 ± 0,90 km∙h-1 ), perceived exertion (pre = 11,53 ± 1,45 u.a; post = 11,23 ± 1,53 u.a) and FCLAn (pre = 166,64 ± 10,69 bpm; post = 174,50 ± 10,89 bpm) between conditions before and after training, indicating that three weeks of training are insufficient to generate positive changes in soccer players LAn

TESTES DE FÁRMACOS E COSMÉTICOS EM ANIMAIS E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES ÉTICAS

ABSTRACT 2021 was a year in which the internet turned its eyes to animal experimentation due to the animation “Save Ralph”, by the Humane Society International. In this way, an old debate about the importance of animal models in research was rekindled. In view of this, this writing aimed to analyze the ethical implications of animal testing in the chemical industry, both in the pharmacological and cosmetic areas. This study has an essentially theoretical character, supported by a set of bibliographic sources that serve as a theoretical-conceptual basis to highlight the proposed questions. It was found that the most traditional methods adopted by the chemical industry to deal with sentient guinea pigs are full of speciesism. Furthermore, it was noticed that, although it cannot be denied that animal testing had great historical importance in the development of different branches of the chemical industry, it is also a natural tendency of scientific knowledge to always seek progress. It is estimated that it is up to researchers to seek the replacement of the classical speciesist methodology, giving space to alternative research techniques. Keywords: Testing. Bioethics. Drugs. Cosmetics.&nbsp; RESUMEN 2021 fue un año en que en internet puso su mirada a la experimentos en animales debido a la animación&nbsp;“Save Ralph”, de la organización&nbsp;Humane Society International.&nbsp;Siendo así, reavivó una antigua discusión sobre la importancia de los modelos animales de experiencia. A este respecto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las implicaciones éticas de pruebas en animales en la industria química, en el eje farmacológico, cuanto en el eje cosmético. Este estudió posee un carácter esencialmente teórico, apoyado en un conjunto de fuentes bibliográficas que sirven de base teórico-conceptual para evidenciar las cuestiones propuestas. Constató que los métodos tradicionales adoptados por la industria química para tratar con cobaya sensibles están llenos de especismo. Además, se percibió que, aunque no se pueda negar las pruebas animales tuvo gran importancia histórica en desarrollo de diferentes ramas de la industria química, también es tendencia natural de conocimiento científico siempre buscar el progreso. Se evalúa que los investigadores deben buscar reemplazo de la metodología especista clásica, dando espacio a las técnicas alternativas de investigaciones. Palabras-claves:&nbsp;Pruebas. Bioética. Farmacéuticos. Cosméticos.RESUMO 2021 foi um ano em que a internet voltou seus olhos à experimentação em animais devido à animação “Save Ralph”, da organização Humane Society International. Desse modo, reacendeu-se um antigo debate quanto à importância dos modelos animais em pesquisas. Em vista disso, este escrito objetivou analisar as implicações éticas da testagem animal na indústria química, tanto no eixo farmacológico quanto no eixo cosmético. Este estudo possui um caráter essencialmente teórico, amparado num conjunto de fontes bibliográficas que servem de base teórico-conceitual para evidenciar as questões propostas. Constatou-se que os métodos mais tradicionais adotados pela indústria química para lidar com cobaias sencientes são repletos de especismo. Além disso, percebeu-se que, embora não se possa negar que a testagem animal teve grande importância histórica no desenvolvimento de diferentes ramos da indústria química, também é tendência natural do conhecimento científico sempre buscar o progresso. Avalia-se que cabe aos pesquisadores procurar pela substituição da metodologia clássica especista, dando espaço para as técnicas alternativas de pesquisa. Palavras-chave: Testagem. Bioética. Fármacos. Cosméticos