Actividad de las proteínas anticoagulantes C, S y antitrombina al diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda

Antecedentes: los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda tienen un riesgo elevado de complicaciones trombóticas asociadas a la disminución de actividad de las proteínas C, S y antitrombina que se ha relacionado con el tratamiento, particularmente con la administración de L-asparaginasa y la colocación de una catéter venoso central. Objetivo: investigar si la actividad de estas proteínas disminuye al diagnóstico, antes de aplicar quimioterapia y de colocar una línea central. Métodos: se midió la actividad de las proteínas C, S y AT al momento del diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda; en 83 niños se dio seguimiento clínico documentando episodios tromboembólicos durante la fase de tratamiento de inducción a la remisión con un régimen de mediana intensidad en la administración de L asparaginasa. Resultados: la actividad de las proteínas anticoagulantes al diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda estuvo dentro del rango normal, aunque existió una heterogeneidad considerable, probablemente debida a una tasa de síntesis hepática alterada. Esta variación en la actividad no se relacionó con el desarrollo de trombosis. Conclusión: no se encontró disminución significativa en la actividad funcional de las proteínas C, S y AT ni episodios trombóticos en los pacientes con un nuevo diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda

Evaluación de la activación plaquetaria en la leucemia linfoblástica aguda

Objetivo. Investigar si los pacientes con LLA desarrollan un estado hipercoagulable con activación plaquetaria. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron quince pacientes con LLA de la infancia, trece de tipo B y dos de tipo T. El grupo control consistió de 28 individuos sanos. Ambos fueron estudiados para la expresión de los antígenos CD61 y CD62P por citofluorometría. Resultados: El grupo de pacientes con LLA tuvo una activación plaquetaria de 1.2%, comparada con 0.33% en el grupo control (p=0.032). Conclusión: Existe un aumento significativo en la expresión del marcador de activación CD62P, que podría contribuir al estado protrombótico de la LLA

Nutritional and technological properties of Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) cultivated in Mexican Northeast

The nutritional, cooking and technological properties of the Tepary bean (TB) cultivated in Mexican northeast comparing to two common beans varieties (Pinto Americano and Black Jamapa) were evaluated in this study. Nutritional parameters evaluated of TB resulted significantly different from common beans varieties analysed, except lipid fraction. Cooking times of soaked (4 and 8 h) and non-soaked varieties varied significantly; TB shows between 55.1–80.49 min by cooking time. The textural profile analysis (TPA) of TB showed a significant reduction of hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness in soaked compared to non-soaked. In addition, TB presented a similar behaviour to Pinto Americano in TPA non-soaked and cooked and soaked 8h and cooked, except to adhesiveness. Technological properties of TB and resistant and non-resistant starch content showed significant differences between species. Due to, TB has nutritional, cooking and technological properties comparable to other edible legumes as common bean, mainly Pinto Americano variety

Variación espacial y temporal de la infestación de la concha por Polydora sp. (Spionidae: Polychaeta) sobre la almeja mano de león (Nodipecten subnodosus) en la laguna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur

En la laguna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur, México, se realizó un estudio sobre la infestación de Nodipecten subnodosus producida por Polydora sp., cuantificándose el daño y las variaciones del crecimiento de la almeja durante 3 años. Se realizaron 10 muestreos entre enero de2013 y octubre de 2015, recolectándose 30 organismos por muestreo en los bancos Zacatoso, Chocolatero, El Dátil y La Concha. Se registraron entre 0 y 13 ampollas por concha, 1.77 ampollas concha-1en promedio. El número de ampollas fue superior en las almejas provenientes de los bancos Chocolatero y Zacatoso, mientras que en los bancos El Dátil y La Concha no solamente disminuyó la infestación, sino que sus intervalos de variación fueron menores. Los bancos con las almejas más pequeñas fueron precisamente los que registraron el mayor número de ampollas, sobre todo el Chocolatero. A pesar de que el número máximo de ampollas se presentó en enero de 2013, mayo de 2014 y marzo de 2015, la tendencia general fue de una reducción en la infestación de poliquetos en las almejas a lo largo del periodo de estudio. ABSTRACT In this study we evaluated the degree of infestation of Polydora sp. in Nodipecten subnodosus (lion’s paw scallop). This research was carriedout in laguna Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur, Mexico, quantifying the damage and growth of the clam for three years. A total of 10 samplingswere carried out between January 2013 and October 2015, collecting 30 organisms by sampled at the banks Zacatoso, Chocolatero, El Dátil andLa Concha. There were between 0 and 13 blisters per shell, 1.77 bisters shell-1on average. The number of blisters was higher in the clams of thebanks Chocolatero and Zacatoso, while in the banks El Dátil and La Concha, not only did the infestation decrease, but the variation intervals were

Field Effectiveness of Drones to Identify Potential Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites in Household Environments from Tapachula, a Dengue-Endemic City in Southern Mexico

Aedes aegypti control programs require more sensitive tools in order to survey domestic and peridomestic larval habitats for dengue and other arbovirus prevention areas. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, field technicians have faced a new occupational hazard during their work activities in dengue surveillance and control. Safer strategies to monitor larval populations, in addition to minimum householder contact, are undoubtedly urgently needed. Drones can be part of the solution in urban and rural areas that are dengue-endemic. Throughout this study, the proportion of larvae breeding sites found in the roofs and backyards of houses were assessed using drone images. Concurrently, the traditional ground field technician’s surveillance was utilized to sample the same house groups. The results were analyzed in order to compare the effectiveness of both field surveillance approaches. Aerial images of 216 houses from El Vergel village in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, at a height of 30 m, were obtained using a drone. Each household was sampled indoors and outdoors by vector control personnel targeting all the containers that potentially served as Aedes aegypti breeding sites. The main results were that the drone could find 1 container per 2.8 found by ground surveillance; however, containers that were inaccessible by technicians in roofs and backyards, such as plastic buckets and tubs, disposable plastic containers and flowerpots were more often detected by drones than traditional ground surveillance. This new technological approach would undoubtedly improve the surveillance of Aedes aegypti in household environments, and better vector control activities would therefore be achieved in dengue-endemic countries

Tratado de justicia restaurativa. Un enfoque integrador

Esta obra nos presenta a la Justicia Restaurativa desde la configuración del derecho penal y los procesos de la misma en el orden penitenciario, en las comunidades escolares, en la igualdad de género. Realzando así mismo la habiliades del facilitador que habrá de llevarla a cabo, como parte integral de un nuevo paradigma en la formación de recursos humnos que atiendan la inminente necesidad de este tipo de ejercicio y en las redes primarias de apoyo, como elemento restaurativo para las mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica, dónde ha crecido la respuesta de la sociedad para abatir este sector de la violenci

Genomic Ancestry, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Among Latin Americans

We present the distribution of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 variants and predicted phenotypes in 33 native and admixed populations from Ibero-America (n > 6,000) in the context of genetic ancestry (n = 3,387). Continental ancestries are the major determinants of frequencies of the increased-activity allele CYP2C19*17 and CYP2C19 gUMs (negatively associated with Native American ancestry), decreased-activity alleles CYP2D6*41 and CYP2C9*2 (positively associated with European ancestry), and decreased-activity alleles CYP2D6*17 and CYP2D6*29 (positively associated with African ancestry). For the rare alleles, CYP2C9*2 and CYPC19*17, European admixture accounts for their presence in Native American populations, but rare alleles CYP2D6*5 (null-activity), CYP2D6-multiplication alleles (increased activity), and CYP2C9*3 (decreased-activity) were present in the pre-Columbian Americas. The study of a broad spectrum of Native American populations from different ethno-linguistic groups show how autochthonous diversity shaped the distribution of pharmaco-alleles and give insights on the prevalence of clinically relevant phenotypes associated with drugs, such as paroxetine, tamoxifen, warfarin, and clopidogrel

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Small Interfering RNA Targeting Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Improves Cardiomyocyte Cell Viability in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Reducing Calcium Overload

Intracellular Ca2+ mishandling is an underlying mechanism in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury that results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocytes death. These events are mediated by mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) overload that is facilitated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel. Along this line, we evaluated the effect of siRNA-targeting MCU in cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R injury. First, cardiomyocytes treated with siRNA demonstrated a reduction of MCU expression by 67%, which resulted in significant decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. siRNA treated cardiomyocytes showed decreased mitochondrial permeability pore opening and oxidative stress trigger by Ca2+ overload. Furthermore, after H/R injury MCU silencing decreased necrosis and apoptosis levels by 30% and 50%, respectively, and resulted in reduction in caspases 3/7, 9, and 8 activity. Our findings are consistent with previous conclusions that demonstrate that MCU activity is partly responsible for cellular injury induced by H/R and support the concept of utilizing siRNA-targeting MCU as a potential therapeutic strategy. © 2017 Yuriana Oropeza-Almazán et al

Temporal Frame of Immune Cell Infiltration during Heart Failure Establishment: Lessons from Animal Models

Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular syndrome characterized by maladaptive changes with an underlying inflammatory mediated pathogenesis. Nevertheless, current therapy is aimed at the heart workload and neurohormonal axis; thus, prognosis remains poor. To continue improving treatment, we rely on murine models for a better understanding of HF pathophysiology. Among them, pressure overload HF (PO-HF) animal models are a common strategy. Development of PO-HF is characterized by monocyte infiltration, which orchestrates a cascade of events leading to sustained inflammation and maladaptive changes. Here, we divide the PO-HF model progression into four phases and describe the inflammatory, structural, and gene expression profiles. This division is relevant due to its similarities with clinical hypertensive heart disease progression to HF. Evidence shows improvement in hemodynamic and other local parameters by altering the inflammatory response in a specific immune response at a specific point of time. Thus, it is relevant to focus on the time-dependent immune response interaction in order to provide more effective therapy. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of PO-HF murine models, highlighting the inflammatory events in a time frame view. By this approach, we expect to provide researchers with a better understanding of the intertwining time-dependent events that occur in PO-HF