Sedentary behaviour impairs skeletal muscle repair modulating the inflammatory response

This study investigated whether sedentary behaviour modulates skeletal-muscle repair and tissue inflammatory response after cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced injury. Singly caged rats spent 8 weeks either as a sedentary group (SED, n = 15) or as a control group (EX, n = 15)?caged with running wheels for voluntary running. All rats had each tibial anterior muscle infused either with CTX (CTX; right muscle) or saline solution (Sham; left muscle) and were sacrificed (n = 5 per group) on the 1st, 7th, and 15th day post-injection (dpi). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to calculate myotube percentage and fibrosis accretion, and quantify the number of neutrophils and M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes. The SED group showed an increased number of both neutrophils and M1 macrophages (7th and 15th dpi) compared to the EX group (p < 0.01). The EX group showed an increased number of M2 macrophages on the 1st dpi. On the 7th dpi, the SED group showed a lower myotube percentage compared to the EX group (p < 0.01) and on the 15th dpi showed only 54% of normal undamaged fibres compared to 90% from the EX group (p < 0.01). The SED group showed increased fibrosis on both the 7th and 15th dpi. Our results show that sedentary behaviour affects the inflammatory response, enhancing and prolonging the Th1 phase, and delays and impairs the SMR process.DB19-D819-F720 | Carlos Eduardo da Silva TeixeiraN/

Fundamentos de electrónica analógica

La presente obra está dirigida a estudiantes de ingeniería, y trata de introducir al lector en los fundamentos de Ia electrónica analógica, analizando componentes básicos, como el diodo o distintos tipos de transistores, y estudiando configuraciones de amplificación multietapa y diferenciales. Dado el fuerte carácter introductorio que impregnan toda Ia obra, Ia teoría tiene un peso muy importante en Ia misma. Difícilmente se puede llevar a cabo el diseño o implementación de un circuito electrónico analógico si no se domina con claridad el funcionamiento de cada uno de los componentes. Estos cimientos teóricos son los que trata de afianzar este texto. Sin embargo, este carácter teórico no implica que el texto no sea de aplicación. Precisamente son estos conceptos teóricos los que dan a Ia obra su sentido práctico, que surge al proporcionar al lector métodos estructurados para el diseño y análisis de sistemas electrónicos analógicos básicos. Este carácter práctico se refuerza especialmente en los estudios de los amplificadores multietapa y diferencia

Solubility and disintegration of cements based on mineral aggregates containing different radiopacifiers

Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois radiopacificadores [Óxido de Bismuto (Bi2O3) e Óxido de Zircónio (ZrO2)] na solubilidade e desintegração do MTA e do cimento Portland. Métodos: Foram produzidas amostras dos cimentos em estudo com 4 mm de espessura e 12 mm de diâmetro (n=6), recorrendo a anéis de Teflon. Foram estabelecidos os seguintes grupos experimentais: Portland+ZrO2; Portland+Bi2O3; MTA+ZrO2 e MTA+Bi2O3. Após a presa dos cimentos, as amostras foram pesadas (PH0), e depois de 24 horas em dessecador foram pesadas novamente (PD0). Em seguida, as amostras foram imersas em água destilada por 7 e 28 dias. Decorridos os períodos experimentais, os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados obtendo novos pesos (PH7d, PD7d, PH28d e PD28d). A solubilidade e desintegração dos cimentos corresponderam à perda de massa relativa ao peso de cada amostra, em comparação ao peso original (%). Os testes de ANOVA (dois fatores), para cada período experimental, e Tukey HSD foram realizados para determinar diferença significativa entre os grupos (α=5%). Resultados: Ambos os cimentos com Bi2O3, hidratados ou desidratados, apresentaram solubilidade nos períodos avaliados, exceto para o período de 28 dias (p < 0,05). MTA com ZrO2 só não foi solúvel quando desidratado, e aos 28 dias. O cimento Portland com ZrO2 foi solúvel somente quando avaliado desidratado. Os cimentos acrescidos de ZrO2 apresentaram menor solubilidade. Conclusões: Os diferentes radiopacificadores (Bi2O3 e ZrO2) tem efeito sobre a solubilidade dos cimentos Portland e MTA, porém, este efeito mostrou ser dependente do tempo.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two radiopacifiers [bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2)] on the solubility and disintegration of MTA and Portland cements. Methods: Cement-filled samples with 4-mm thickness and 12-mm diameter were produced (n=6) using Teflon rings. The following experimental groups were established: Portland+ZrO2; Portland+Bi2O3; MTA+ZrO2 and MTA+Bi2O3. The samples were weighed after cement setting (PH0) and after 24 hours in a desiccator (PD0). Then, the samples were immersed in deionized water for 7 and 28 days. After the immersion periods, the same procedures were performed for obtaining new weight measurements (PH7d, PD7d, PH28d and PD28d). The solubility and disintegration of the cements corresponded to the mass loss of each sample, in comparison with the original weight (%). The statistical analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA for each experimental period and the Tukey's HSD test to determine significant differences among groups (α=5%). Results: Both cements containing Bi2O3, either hydrated or dehydrated, presented solubility, except after 28-days storage (p < 0.05). The MTA cement with ZrO2 was not soluble only when dehydrated and after the 28-days period. The Portland cement with ZrO2 was soluble only when dehydrated. Cements containing ZrO2 had lower solubility. Conclusions: The different radiopacifiers (Bi2O3 and ZrO2) affected the solubility of Portland and MTA cements; however, this effect was time-dependent

Different phenotypic outcome due to site-specific phosphorylation in the cancer-associated NQO1 enzyme studied by phosphomimetic mutations

Protein phosphorylation is a common phenomenon in human flavoproteins although the functional consequences of this site-specific modification are largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of site-specific phosphorylation (using phosphomimetic mutations at sites S40, S82 and T128) on multiple functional aspects as well as in the structural stability of the antioxidant and disease-associated human flavoprotein NQO1 using biophysical and biochemical methods. In vitro biophysical studies revealed effects of phosphorylation at different sites such as decreased binding affinity for FAD and structural stability of its binding site (S82), conformational stability (S40 and S82) and reduced catalytic efficiency and functional cooperativity (T128). Local stability measurements by H/D exchange in different ligation states provided structural insight into these effects. Transfection of eukaryotic cells showed that phosphorylation at sites S40 and S82 may reduce steady-levels of NQO1 protein by enhanced proteasome-induced degradation. We show that site-specific phosphorylation of human NQO1 may cause pleiotropic and counterintuitive effects on this multifunctional protein with potential implications for its relationships with human disease. Our approach allows to establish relationships between site-specific phosphorylation, functional and structural stability effects in vitro and inside cells paving the way for more detailed analyses of phosphorylation at the flavoproteome scale

Allosteric Communication in the Multifunctional and Redox NQO1 Protein Studied by Cavity-Making Mutations

Allosterism is a common phenomenon in protein biochemistry that allows rapid regulation of protein stability; dynamics and function. However, the mechanisms by which allosterism occurs (by mutations or post-translational modifications (PTMs)) may be complex, particularly due to long-range propagation of the perturbation across protein structures. In this work, we have investigated allosteric communication in the multifunctional, cancer-related and antioxidant protein NQO1 by mutating several fully buried leucine residues (L7, L10 and L30) to smaller residues (V, A and G) at sites in the N-terminal domain. In almost all cases, mutated residues were not close to the FAD or the active site. Mutations L\u2192G strongly compromised conformational stability and solubility, and L30A and L30V also notably decreased solubility. The mutation L10A, closer to the FAD binding site, severely decreased FAD binding affinity ( 4820 fold vs. WT) through long-range and context-dependent effects. Using a combination of experimental and computational analyses, we show that most of the effects are found in the apo state of the protein, in contrast to other common polymorphisms and PTMs previously characterized in NQO1. The integrated study presented here is a first step towards a detailed structural-functional mapping of the mutational landscape of NQO1, a multifunctional and redox signaling protein of high biomedical relevance

ANTIOXIDANT AND EFFECTS OF PROCESSING USING BIXIN POTASSIUM SALT AS A NITRITE REPLACEMENT IN RESTRUCTURED MEAT PRODUCTS

This study aimed to evaluate bixin potassium salt as a replacement for sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in restructured meat products. Bixin was obtained from the chloroform extract of annatto seeds using a Soxhlet apparatus. Restructured meat samples were prepared using raw retail cuts of beef (vastus lateralis), stored at −16º C, and evaluated during storage at 60 days. The efficacy of bixin potassium salt as a NaNO2 replacement in restructured meat was evaluated by measuring residual concentrations of TBARS, color (L*, a*, and b* components), a sensory preference test, and microbiological parameters. Bixin potassium salt proved to be a viable alternative to nitrites for preserving the color and inhibiting the oxidative degradation of restructured meat. The outcomes showed that the effect of bixin potassium salt on microbiological stabilization was quite variable, depending on the bacterial species considered

Synthesis, characterization, and incorporation of upconverting nanoparticles into a dental adhesive

The purpose of this study was to describe the synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of b-NaYF4:30%Yb/0.5%Tm upconverting nanocrystals for use as nanofillers in a dental adhesive and microscopically evaluate the interface between the particles and a commercial adhesive. The upconverting nanoparticles were synthesized and purified by thermal decomposition, and their chemical composition determined by energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. The crystalline structure was characterized using X-Ray diffraction and morphology and size were observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Upconverting emission was evaluated by spectrophotometry irradiating the particles with a 975 nm diode laser. Particles were functionalized with polyacrylic acid and the success was confirmed by measurement of Zeta Potential and transmission electron microscopy. The results of X-ray diffraction found a pure hexagonal phase crystalline pattern. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion of hexagonal-shaped particles of approximately 150 nm. Upconversion emission was observed in 344 nm, 361 nm, 450 nm, 474nm, 646 nm, 803 nm. Functionalization success was confirmed by formation of a stable aqueous colloid with a Zeta potential of -29.5mV and the absence of voids in the particle-adhesive interface on the transmission electron microscopy images. The reported synthesis and functionalization process produced upconverting nanoparticles emitting photons within the blue spectral region (450 nm and 474 nm).Fil: Rocha Pacheco, Rafael. University Of Detroit Mercy; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia Flores, Ali Francisco. Universidad Federal do Abc; BrasilFil: Soto Montero, Jorge Rodrigo. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Lesseux, Guilherme Gorgen. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rocha Acosta Lancelotti, Ailla Carla. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Martínez, Eduardo David. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Rettori, Carlos. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa RicaFil: Rodrigues Urbano, Ricardo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rueggeberg, Frederick Allen. No especifíca;Fil: Giannini, Marcelo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasi

Factores Generadores de la Accidentalidad Vial en Motocicleta del Personal que Conforma el Modelo Nacional de Vigilancia por Cuadrantes en la Estación de Policía Manizales.

Identificación de los factores generadores de accidentalidad vial del personal adscrito a la estación de Policía Manizales pertenecientes al modelo nacional de vigilancia por cuadrantes.El objetivo por el cual se encamina el desarrollo de esta investigación, se centra en la recolección de información que pueda conllevar a determinar factores de incidentes en la ocurrencia de accidentes de tránsito, durante la conducción de motocicletas por parte del personal policial del modelo nacional de vigilancia por cuadrantes MNVCC, en la estación de Policía Manizales, factores como lo son frecuencia, ocurrencia, consecuencias para la persona, la institución, la relación de estos eventos con la afectación de la consecución de los objetivos institucionales propuestos. La movilidad vial, y en especial la movilidad en motocicletas es uno de los factores más importantes que determinan el desarrollo de las actividades de las comunidades y organizaciones, y en este caso las actividades de vigilancia encaminadas por la institución en las distintas comunidades y regiones del país, debido a que la infraestructura vial en algunas regiones no cuentan con la mejor disposición para la movilidad, el uso de motocicletas se comporta como uno de los factores que favorecen una ágil movilidad y que, marca una pauta importante en la consecución de los objetivos propuestos y la capacidad de respuesta ante las necesidades de seguridad de la sociedad. Entre las alternativas de transporte para el desarrollo de las actividades policiales la motocicleta ha tomado mayor participación en el esquema de movilidad, debido a que dicho elemento es de fácil adquisición, tiene un bajo costo de operación, es rápido para los desplazamientos sin importar si la zona cuenta con altos niveles de congestionamiento

Factores Generadores de la Accidentalidad Vial en Motocicleta del Personal que Conforma el Modelo Nacional de Vigilancia por Cuadrantes en la Estación de Policía Manizales.

Identificación de los factores generadores de accidentalidad vial del personal adscrito a la estación de Policía Manizales pertenecientes al modelo nacional de vigilancia por cuadrantes.El objetivo por el cual se encamina el desarrollo de esta investigación, se centra en la recolección de información que pueda conllevar a determinar factores de incidentes en la ocurrencia de accidentes de tránsito, durante la conducción de motocicletas por parte del personal policial del modelo nacional de vigilancia por cuadrantes MNVCC, en la estación de Policía Manizales, factores como lo son frecuencia, ocurrencia, consecuencias para la persona, la institución, la relación de estos eventos con la afectación de la consecución de los objetivos institucionales propuestos. La movilidad vial, y en especial la movilidad en motocicletas es uno de los factores más importantes que determinan el desarrollo de las actividades de las comunidades y organizaciones, y en este caso las actividades de vigilancia encaminadas por la institución en las distintas comunidades y regiones del país, debido a que la infraestructura vial en algunas regiones no cuentan con la mejor disposición para la movilidad, el uso de motocicletas se comporta como uno de los factores que favorecen una ágil movilidad y que, marca una pauta importante en la consecución de los objetivos propuestos y la capacidad de respuesta ante las necesidades de seguridad de la sociedad. Entre las alternativas de transporte para el desarrollo de las actividades policiales la motocicleta ha tomado mayor participación en el esquema de movilidad, debido a que dicho elemento es de fácil adquisición, tiene un bajo costo de operación, es rápido para los desplazamientos sin importar si la zona cuenta con altos niveles de congestionamiento

Pracket

El presente proyecto consiste en la elaboración y comercialización de casacas que tienen la función adicional de convertirse en mochila para hombres y mujeres de entre 18 y 35 años de edad de los niveles socioeconómicos A y B de Lima metropolitana. Se realizaron una serie de encuestas y entrevistas que nos permitieron conocer las características, atributos y precio que nuestro público objetivo estaría buscando en una prenda de vestir. Esta información es vital para la creación de nuestro producto: Pracket. Nuestro público objetivo quiere una casaca que sea cómoda, de calidad, practica y facil de guardar para su uso diario ante los cambios de clima repentinos. Nuestro producto tiene un diseño peculiar, ya que en la parte baja de la espalda se encuentra el material que convierte a la casaca en una mochila. Asimismo, Pracket se encuentra elaborada con distintos tipos de tela dependiendo de la estacionalidad. Para el verano contamos con la tela “French Terry” que se caracteriza por ser delgada y fresca; y para el invierno, una tela afranelada. Nuestro proyecto se encuentra desarrollado en una serie de etapas de validación de con el objetivo de comprobar que nuestro público objetivo está dispuesto a comprar una casaca Pracket frente al resto de casacas. Asimismo, después de validar nuestro producto se pasó al desarrollo del plan de negocio, en el cual identificamos que se requiere una inversión inicial de 81,592 soles. Para la ejecución del negocio, la rentabilidad del accionista es de 852.79%, el cual es un porcentaje que hace rentable a Pracket.This project consists on the elaboration and merchandizing of jackets that have an additional function of becoming into a backpack for men and women between.18 and 35 years old, that are from the socioeconomic level of A and B of Metropolitan Lima To validate this project, different surveys and interviews were made, which let us know the characteristics, attributes and price that our target audience would be looking for in clothing. This information was relevant for the creation of our product: Pracket. Mainly, our target audience wants a jacket that is comfortable, high quality, practical and easy to storage, in order not to bother them in their daily activities in sudden weather changes. Our product has a peculiar design, because in the bottom of the back, it is a material that lets become the jacket into a backpack. Besides, Pracket is made of different types of cloth depending on the seasonality. For spring and summer, we have the jackets made with “French Terry” that it´s characterized for its lightness and freshness in its daily use. For addition, for winter and fall, Pracket is made with a flannel cloth. Our project is been developed in different stages of validation, in order to prove that our target is disposed to choose Pracket against the rest of jackets. Besides, after the validation, the business plan was developed, in which we identify that we require an initial investment of 81,592 soles. For the execution of the business, the profitability of the shareholder is 852.79%, which is a relevant percentage that makes Pracket profitable.Trabajo de investigació