La efectividad en términos de desarrollo de las instituciones multilaterales bajo restricciones de acción colectiva

Este artículo sugiere que la mejor estrategia para evaluar y guiar la política de desarrollo es entender las causas de las restricciones de economía política sobre la efectividad de las instituciones bilaterales y multilaterales. Recomienda dos estrategias interdependientes para atenuar los efectos nocivos de las restricciones de acción colectiva: un mayor uso de la evaluación ex ante en todas las intervenciones con un uso más intenso del enfoque de registro escrito y modificar las “reglas constitucionales” o condiciones macro-institucionales que determinan las toma de decisiones en todas las instituciones

La efectividad en términos de desarrollo de las instituciones multilaterales bajo restricciones de acción colectiva

This paper suggests that the best way to evaluate and drive development policy is to understand the root causes that explain the political economy restrictions limiting the developmental effectiveness of multilateral and bilateral institutions. To mitigate the deleterious effects of collective action restrictions this paper recommends a two-pronged interdependent strategy: an enhanced use of ex ante evaluation in all interventions and through a more intensive application of the paper trail approach; and changes of constitutional rules or macro-institutional conditions which determine the decisions made in all institutions.economic development, multilateral institutions, collective action restrictions

Discerning the relationship between geminiviral infection and vesicle trafficking using virus induced gene silencing

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease is one of the most important threats to tomato crops worldwide. One of its causal agents, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinian virus (TYLCSV) is a monopartite member of the genus Begomovirus from the family Geminiviridae. Due to the few proteins encoded by their viral genome, geminiviruses rely heavily on host cellular machineries and interact with a wide range of plant proteins to complete all processes required for infection, such as viral replication, movement and suppression or evasion of plant defence mechanisms. The identification of the host proteins involved in viral infection will be an important step towards the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process. In our laboratory, transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants containing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression cassette flanked by two direct repeats of the intergenic region of TYLCSV have been constructed (2IR plants). When these plants are infected with TYLCSV, an overexpression of the reporter gene is observed in those cells where the virus is actively replicating. These plants have been used together with virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) in an effort to identify host genes involved in the infection process using a reverse genetics approach. Using this combined technique our group has identified two genes δ-COP and ARF 1, involved in retrograde vesicle trafficking, which are essential for the infectious process. We are currently assaying genes codifying proteins involved in different pathways of the vesicle trafficking system: Sar1b, γ subunit of AP1, Sec24, SYT1 and two that encode the heavy chain of triskelion proteins. Their effect over viral infection will be presented and discussedUniversidad de Málaga. Campues de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Geminiviral protein Rep interferes in PCNA sumoylation

Rep is a multifunctional protein essential for replication of geminivirus that interferes with the sumoylation of a key protein in the DNA replication, PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen). It is known that Rep is capable of interacting with a plethora of plant proteins, including PCNA. Despite the biological significance remains unknown, it’s thought that this interaction should play a key role for generating new copies of the virus genome. Therefore, in order to characterize this interaction, we study which lysines are sumoylated in tomato PCNA (SlPCNA). Considering conservation, location and presence of sumoylation domain criteria, we have identified some candidate lysines and studied how its mutation affects this protein sumoylation in Escherichia coli assays. Finally, we plan to confirm and characterize the Rep interference on SlPCNA sumoylation and determine if this interference occurs in planta.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Development of a design model for functionality and content access from rich internet application requirements

Ponencia presentada en The 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. May 20-22, 2015, in Lisbon, PortugalWe have found several methodologies for the development of rich internet applications (RIA); however, they did not give enough attention to the problem of defining both appropriate notations and adequate process for developing the user interface (UI) of functionality and content access (UIFCA). The UIFCA is important, because it concerns with the global organization/behaviour of the UI of a RIA application; the UIFCA is complex in several RIA applications due to the several tasks/workflows/business process that need to be organized/accessed, and the use of single page applications and desktop like UIs. A good model for functionality and content access (MFCA) should be expressive enough, respect some abstraction requirements, and be understandable by the client; a good process to develop a MFCA should consider the creation of parts of the MFCA by the client, its completion by analysts, its early validation by clients, and the refinement of MFCA elements. In this work, we defined a metamodel called RIAFCA for building MFCAs, and a development process involving RIAFCA respecting these requirements. The metamodel and the process are illustrated with the help of an online e-mail application case study.acceptedVersionFil: Casalánguida, Hernán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Durán, Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Ciencias de la Computació

User interface design for responsive web applications

Ponencia presentada en: The 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. May 20-22, 2015, in Lisbon, PortugalFil: Casalánguida, Hernán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Durán, Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.The design of web applications that adapt to different kinds of devices is now a necessity. The responsive web design (RWD) is an actual approach to this problem. There exists a large quantity of responsive frameworks (RF) for developing RWDs. In particular for the domain of Rich internet applications and for the adaptation of applications to different kinds of devices we have found a few adaptive design approaches that start with abstract user interface (UI) models; however, such approaches did not take into account the use of RFs. The problem of defining a development process from an abstract UI model to a RF is interesting due to some reasons; a good process should consider: an abstract UI model whose elements are abstractions for RF widgets, the use of tools for RFs that generate part of the final UI code, the use of model transformations to map abstract UI elements onto widgets of the RF. In this paper we created an abstract UI model called RIAAD2 that considers abstractions for all the UI elements of a selected set of RFs, and we developed a process for the creation of a final UI using a RF that considers the above requirements.acceptedVersionFil: Casalánguida, Hernán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Durán, Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Ciencias de la Computació

Identifying the function of vesicle trafficking in geminiviral infection using virus induced gene silencing

Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinian virus (TYLCSV) is one of the causal agent of the tomato yel-low leaf curl disease, one of the most important threats to tomato crops worldwide. TYLCSV is a monopartite member of the genus Begomovirus from the family Geminiviridae. To carry out a full infection, geminiviruses need to move inside the infected cell and from one cell to an-other for which they depend on diverse cellular factors. While cell-to-cell movement has been described to occur through plasmodesmata, the way in which geminiviruses move inside the host cells is yet unknown. The identification of the host proteins involved in viral infection will be an important step to-wards the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process. In our laboratory, trans-genic Nicotianabenthamiana plants containing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression cassette flanked by two direct repeats of the intergenic region of TYLCSV have been construct-ed (2IR plants). When these plants are infected with TYLCSV, an overexpression of the reporter gene is observed in those cells where the virus replicates. These plants have been used to-gether with virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) in an effort to identify host genes involved in the infection process using a reverse genetics approach. Using this combined technique our group has identified two genes δ-COP and ARF 1, involved in retrograde vesicle trafficking, which are essential for the infectious process. We are current-ly assaying genes codifying proteins involved in different pathways of the vesicle trafficking system: Sar1b, γ subunit of AP1, Sec24, SYT1 and two that encode the heavy chain of triskelion proteins. Their effect over virus infection will be presented and discussed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech