VULNERABILIDAD PROGRAMÁTICA A LAS IST/AIDS EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMÁRIA DE SALUD: UN HABITUS PERMEADO DE VIOLENCIA SIMBÓLICA

Objetivo: identificar a vulnerabilidade programática às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/aids na Atenção Primária à Saúde.Método: estudo descritivo, realizado no ano de 2018, em 52 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município do nordeste brasileiro. Aplicou-se um Questionário com o responsável técnico  da unidade, identificando os marcadores de vulnerabilidade, que foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e à luz da sociologia do Poder Simbóilco de Bourdieu.Resultados: destacaram-se com média vulnerabilidade programática as unidades com relação à infraestrutura (55,3%), ações de prevenção (67,8%) e tratamento (60,4%). E com baixa vulnerabilidade as unidades com relação às ações de pré-natal e puerpério em relação à atenção às IST/aids (93,2%) e a integração das ações (61,5%).Conclusão: apesar da potencialidade dos marcadores do pré-natal e puerpério e da integração de ações, as fragilidades em maior frequência indicam que a Atenção Primária à Saúde ainda é permeada por violência simbólica na assistência às IST/aids.Objetivo: identificar la vulnerabilidad programática a las Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual /Aids en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio descriptivo realizado en 2018 en 52 Unidades Básicas de Salud de un municipio del Nordeste de Brasil. Se aplicó un cuestionario con el responsable técnico de la unidad, identificando los marcadores de vulnerabilidad, que fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y a la luz de la sociología del Poder Simbólico de Bourdieu. Resultados: se destacaron con una media vulnerabilidad programática las unidades con relación a la infraestructura (55,3%), acciones de prevención (67,8%) y el tratamiento (60,4%). Y con baja vulnerabilidad las unidades con relación a las acciones de prenatal y puerperio en relación a las ETS/SIDA (93,2%) y a la integración de las acciones(61,5%). Conclusión: a pesar de la potencialidad de los marcadores del prenatal y puerperio y de la integración de las acciones, las fragilidades de mayor frecuencia indican que la Atención Primaria de Salud todavía está impregnada de la violencia simbólica en la asistencia a las ETS/SIDA.Objective: to identify programmatic vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections/AIDS in Primary Health Care.Method: descriptive study, conducted in 2018, in 52 Basic Health Units of a municipality in northeastern Brazil. A questionnaire was applied to the unit´s technical manager, identifying the vulnerability markers which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and in the light of Bourdieu`s sociology of Symbolic Power.Results: the units stood out with average programmatic vulnerability to infrastructure (55.3%), prevention actions (67.8%) and treatment (60.4%). And with low vulnerability the units with regard to prenatal and postpartum actions in relation to STI/AIDS (93.2%) and the integration of actions (61.5%).Conclusion: despite the potentiality of prenatal and postpartum markers and the integration of actions, the most frequent weaknesses indicate that Primary Health Care is still permeated by symbolic violence in STI/AIDS care

Polymeric nanoparticles of Brazilian red propolis extract : preparation, characterization, antioxidant and leishmanicidal activity

The ever-increasing demand for natural products and biotechnology derived from bees and ultra-modernization of various analytical devices has facilitated the rational and planned development of biotechnology products with a focus on human health to treat chronic and neglected diseases. The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize polymeric nanoparticles loaded with Brazilian red propolis extract and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of "multiple-constituent extract in co-delivery system" for antileishmanial therapies. The polymeric nanoparticles loaded with red propolis extract were prepared with a combination of poly-ε-caprolactone and pluronic using nanoprecipitation method and characterized by different analytical techniques, antioxidant and leishmanicidal assay. The red propolis nanoparticles in aqueous medium presented particle size (200–280 nm) in nanometric scale and zeta analysis (−20 to −26 mV) revealed stability of the nanoparticles without aggregation phenomenon during 1 month. After freeze-drying method using cryoprotectant (sodium starch glycolate), it was possible to observe particles with smooth and spherical shape and apparent size of 200 to 400 nm. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermal analysis revealed the encapsulation of the flavonoids from the red propolis extract into the polymeric matrix. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) identified the flavonoids liquiritigenin, pinobanksin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin and biochanin A in ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and nanoparticles of red propolis extract (NRPE). The efficiency of encapsulation was determinate, and median values (75.0 %) were calculated using UPLC-DAD. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl method showed antioxidant activity to EEP and red propolis nanoparticles. Compared to negative control, EEP and NRPE exhibited leishmanicidal activity with an IC50 value of ≅38.0 μg/mL and 31.3 μg/mL, 47.2 μg/mL, 154.2μg/mL and 193.2 μg/mL for NRPE A1, NRPE A2, NRPE A3 and NRPE A4, respectively. Nanoparticles loaded with red propolis extract in co-delivery system and EEP presented cytotoxic activity on Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. Red propolis extract loaded in nanoparticles has shown to be potential candidates as intermediate products for preparation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms containing red propolis extract in the therapy against negligible diseases such as leishmaniasis

Care Management In The Family Health Support Core: Technologies Operated In The Professional Dimension

Introduction: The Centre for Health Support Family - NASF has a innovative character with potential to concretize change in the organization of services and in care practices, supporting and expanding the solvability of the actions of the teams of the Family Health Strategy - FHS. To this end, it must operationalize technologies, arrangements and care management devices. Objective: To describe the care management technologies, particularly in the professional dimension, operated by the teams of the Support Centre for Family Health, in its dialogue with the Health Strategy. Methods: case study with a qualitative approach, with the 12 professionals from a NASF team of Maracanaú, Ceará, Brazil. Focal group was performed. The empirical material was analysed based on the content analysis. Results: there is evidence of a proposal for production of integral care based on the use of technologies as host, bond, autonomy and accountability. The user approach is based on the principles of the extended clinic. However, there are difficulties related to the regulation of access, the construction of bonds, the construction of therapeutic projects and intersectional articulation. Final thoughts: it appears necessary to overcome the challenges, strengthen mechanisms for coordination and for negotiation of labour, as well as rethinking the NASF linking logic to a seemingly high number of FHS teams complicates the organization of work processes, building of agendas, weakens the bonds with the users and even the solvency

Projeto PortVix: a fala de Vitória/ES em cena

Os objetivos centrais do presente artigo são (1) apresentar à comunidade científica o projeto PortVix, que trata da fala da cidade de Vitória, capital do Espírito Santo; (2) sintetizar os trabalhos desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, com base nos dados deste projeto; e (3) tecer considerações sobre o alinhamento da fala de Vitória ao cenário nacional e sobre traços que a caracterizam. A Teoria da Variação e de Mudança Linguística norteia a organização da amostra e, de forma geral, a análise de diversos fenômenos variáveis, a saber, alternância entre futuro do pretérito e pretérito imperfeito; a expressão variável do futuro do presente; usos do gerúndio; variação sintática das orações adverbiais finais; alternância nós/a gente; a expressão do objeto direto anafórico; concordância nominal; concordância verbal; expressão gramatical do imperativo; alternância indicativo/subjuntivo; alternância você/cê/ocê; ausência/presença de artigo diante de antropônimos e de possessivos. Observações do senso comum e resultados das análises permitem evidenciar que, ao lado de aspectos que alinham a fala de Vitória-ES ao cenário nacional, corroborando a generalidade de diversos fenômenos, há outros aspectos que permitem inferir a caracterização da fala capixaba face aos três estados com os quais o Espírito Santo estabelece fronteiras: Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e, especialmente, Minas Gerais

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Recovery of casein-derived peptides with in vitro inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using aqueous two-phase systems

Peptides inhibiting the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were obtained by trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of bovine milk casein, performed at 37 °C, during 1, 2, 5, 8 and 24 h. Results of in vitro inhibitory activity ranged between 13.4% and 78.5%. The highest ACE inhibitory activity was evidenced for hydrolysates obtained after 2 h of reaction. Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by polyethylene glycol of 1500 g mol−1 (PEG 1500) + sodium phosphate or potassium phosphates were produced and evaluated, in terms of partition coefficients (K) and extraction yields (y), to recovery the casein hydrolysates at room temperature. In ATPS containing sodium phosphate, the peptides showed a slightly greater affinity toward the bottom salt-rich phase (0.1 ≤ K ≤ 0.9; 5.7% ≤ y ≤ 47%). In the case of ATPS containing potassium phosphates, these molecules showed substantially greater affinity toward the top polymer-rich phase (137 ≤ K ≤ 266; y ≥ 99%). These results point out extraction using PEG 1500/potassium phosphate ATPS is an efficient technique to recover casein hydrolysates containing ACE inhibitors peptides. Outlined data will be helpful in integrating such unit operation to larger scale processes

Teor de vitamina C, β-caroteno e minerais em camu-camu cultivado em diferentes ambientes

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tipo de cultivo (ambiente seco e alagado) sobre o teor de vitamina C, β-caroteno e minerais (cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, zinco, ferro, manganês, cobre, boro, nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio) de camu-camu. As vitaminas citadas foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, enquanto que os minerais cálcio, magnésio, zinco, cobre, manganês e ferro por espectrometria de absorção atômica, o potássio por fotometria de chama e o fósforo, boro e enxofre por espectrofotometria, nos comprimentos de onda 725 e 420nm, respectivamente. O fruto cultivado em ambiente seco apresentou maior (P<0,05) teor de vitamina C (13.756,79mg 100g1/peso seco) e da maioria dos minerais investigados (cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, ferro, cobre, nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio). Os teores de β-caroteno não variaram (P>0,05) em função dos diferentes ambientes

Thermophysical and rheological properties of dulce de leche with and without coconut flakes as a function of temperature Propriedades termofísicas e reológicas de doces de leite puro e adicionado de flocos de coco em função da temperatura

Dulce de leche (DL), a dairy dessert highly appreciated in Brazil, is a concentrated product containing about 70% m/m of total solids. Thermophysical and rheological properties of two industrial Brazilian Dulce de leche formulations (classic Dulce de leche and Dulce de leche added with coconut flakes 1.5% m/m) were determined at temperatures comprised between 28.4 and 76.4 °C. In general, no significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the presence of coconut flakes in the two formulations. Heat capacity varied from 2633.2 to 3101.8 J/kg.°C; thermal conductivity from 0.383 to 0.452 W/m.°C; specific mass from 1350.7 to 1310.7 kg/m³; and, thermal diffusivity from (1.082 × 10-7 to 1.130 × 10-7) m²/s. The Bingham model was used to properly describe the non-Newtonian behavior of both formulations, with yielding stress values varying from 27.3 to 17.6 Pa and plastic viscosity from 19.9 to 5.9 Pa.s.<br>Doce de leite é uma sobremesa láctea concentrada (cerca de 70% de sólidos) muito apreciada no Brasil. Propriedades termofísicas e reológicas de duas formulações de doce de leite brasileiro (puro e adicionado de coco ralado a 1,5% em massa) foram determinadas a temperaturas compreendidas entre 28,4 e 76,4 °C. No geral, a presença de flocos de coco não acarretou diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) nestas propriedades das duas formulações. A capacidade calorífica variou entre (2633,2 e 3101,8) J/kg.°C; a condutividade térmica entre (0,383 e 0,452) W/m°C; a massa específica entre (1350,7 e 1310,7) kg/m³; e enfim, a difusividade térmica entre (1,082 × 10-7 e 1,130 × 10-7) m²/s. O modelo de Bingham descreveu adequadamente o comportamento não Newtoniano dos dois produtos, com tensão crítica de escoamento variando entre (27,3 e 17,6) Pa e a viscosidade plástica de (19,9 a 5,9) Pa.s