Community intervention programs for sex offenders: a systematic review

Sexual violence is a phenomenon that negatively impacts the victims' physical and psychological health and well-being. Sex offenders tend not to take responsibility for their actions, have difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control, paraphilias or other disorders, so they are a difficult group to treat. In addition, the available psychological treatment programs tend to have inconsistent and, sometimes, undesirable results. This systematic review aimed to analyse the recidivism rates of sex offenders treated in community settings. According to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search in three databases, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a manual search was performed. A total of 319 empirical studies using quantitative methodologies were identified, 27 of which were selected for full-text analysis. In the end, 15 studies were included, published between 1996 and 2020. The objectives, intervention approach, instruments used, and the main results and conclusions were extracted from each study. The studies explored different types of sex offenders, such as: violent sex offenders (e.g., rapists), child abusers, and child abusers with pedophilia (and/or other paraphilias). Results showed that most of the programs had a cognitive-behavioral approach (n = 13). Overall, the interventions appear to be effective in reducing recidivism rates, and some of them led to improvements in other outcomes, such as cognitive distortions, accepting responsibility, victim awareness and empathy, emotional regulation, and offense supportive attitudes. Limitations and implications for future studies were discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pesquisadores do CNPq na área de medicina: comparação das áreas de atuação

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil e a produção científica de pesquisadores de Medicina, que têm bolsa de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, de acordo com a área de atuação. MÉTODOS: Os currículos lattes de 411 pesquisadores com bolsas ativas no triênio 2006 a 2008 foram incluídos na análise. As variáveis de interesse foram: sexo, área de atuação; artigos publicados, e orientação de alunos de graduação, mestres e doutores. RESULTADOS: Houve uma predominância do sexo masculino (68%) e de bolsistas na categoria 2 (55,7%). Quatro Estados da Federação são responsáveis por 90% dos pesquisadores (SP, RJ, RS, MG). Oito instituições são responsáveis por aproximadamente 80% dos pesquisadores, destacando-se USP (30,7%) e UNIFESP (17%). Foram identificadas 30 áreas de atuação dos pesquisadores. Em relação à produção científica, a mediana de artigos publicados foi de 4,13/ano (Intervalo interquartil, IQ, 2,9 - 5,8). A mediana ajustada de artigos publicados na base de dados Web of Science foi de 2,23/ano (IQ, 1,4 - 3,2). Neurociências (3,16, IQ, 1,8 - 4,7) e Psiquiatria (2,92, IQ, 1,73 - 4,5) foram as áreas mais produtivas de artigos indexados. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma concentração dos pesquisadores da Medicina na região Sudeste. Nesse estudo pode ser observado um aumento da produção científica da maioria dos pesquisadores nos últimos cinco anos. Através do conhecimento do perfil dos pesquisadores da área de Medicina, podem ser definidas de maneira mais eficaz, estratégias para incentivar a produção científica e a demanda de recursos para o financiamento de projetos de pesquisa.OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the profile and scientific production of researchers in Medicine who have a scholarship from the " Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico" . METHODS: The "Lattes" curriculum of 411 researchers in Medicine with active scholarships during the years of 2006 to 2008 were included in the analysis. Variables of interest were: gender; affiliation; scientific production, and supervision of undergraduate masters and doctorate students.. RESULTS: There was a male predominance (68%) and of scholarship level 2 (55.7%). Four states of Brazil are responsible for 90% of the researchers (SP, RJ, RS, and MG). Eight institutions account for about 80% of researchers, especially USP (30.7%) and UNIFESP (17%). The study identified 30 areas of expertise for researchers. In relation to scientific production, the median was 4.13 articles published per year (interquartile range, IQ, 2.9 - 5.8). The median adjusted for articles published in the database Web of Science was 2.23 per year (IQ, 1.4 - 3.2). The most productive areas of indexed articles were the areas of Neurosciences (3.16, IQ, 1.8 - 4.7) and Psychiatry (2.92, IQ, 1.73 - 4.5). CONCLUSION: Researchers in medicine are concentrated in the Southeast. This study has disclosed an increase in scientific output by most researchers in the last five years. Effective strategies to qualitatively improve the scientific output may possibly be enhanced by knowledge of the profile of researchers in Medicine

Airbag Pneumonitis

The widespread and mandatory use of airbags has resulted in various patterns of injuries and complications unique to their use. Airbags have been implicated in a spectrum of pulmonary conditions ranging from exacerbation of asthma, reactive airway diseases to new onset asthma. We report a case of inhalational chemical pneumonitis that developed after exposure to the airbag fumes

Smartphones use in tourism trips: analysis of consumer behavior in São Paulo (Brazil)

Dentre as diversas novas tecnologias de comunicação que têm alterado a realidade do turismo, uma que merece grande destaque é o smartphone, aparelho de telefonia móvel que dispõe de uma série de recursos avançados. Além da possibilidade de realização de chamadas telefônicas praticamente a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar, os smartphones oferecem inúmeras possibilidades de comunicação por meio da troca de informações digitais, incluindo textos, imagens, sons e vídeos. Esses aparelhos usualmente oferecem ainda outras facilidades, como câmera fotográfica e de vídeo, mídia player, jogos, leitores de texto, ferramentas de produtividade e outros aplicativos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar o uso de smartphones durante viagens turísticas. Para tanto, foi realizada em setembro de 2013 uma pesquisa quantitativa por entrevistas diretas com 368 consumidores da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil) através da qual foram levantadas informações sobre os principais usos do aparelho em viagens, as formas de conexão utilizadas e os recursos preferidos desses viajantes. Além disso, analisou-se a satisfação dos usuários em relação à experiência de uso do dispositivo. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que os smartphones são amplamente utilizados durante as viagens turísticas, apresentaram as funcionalidades mais utilizadas e apontaram novas oportunidades de interação com os consumidores para empresas e destinos turísticos.Among several new communication technologies that have changed tourism reality, one which deserves attention is the smartphone. These mobile phones improve communication not only by enabling calls anytime and anywhere, but also by offering alternatives for digital information exchange, including texts, images, sounds and videos. Besides communication, these gadgets’       usually offer other features, such as photo and video cameras, media player, games, e-readers, productivity tools and other applications. This paper aimed to investigate the use of smartphones during tourist trips. In order to achieve that, a quantitative survey with 368 residents of São Paulo city was conducted in September 2013, gathering information about the main use of this device during tourism trips, the types of connections used and the preferred features of smartphones for travelers. Users' satisfaction experience of using smartphones during the trips was also analyzed. The results confirmed that smartphones are widely used during tourism trips and they presented the most used functionalities. New opportunities for companies and tourism destinations to interact with travelers were highlighted

Association between Oral Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Variables in Users of Centers for Dental Specialties

Objective: To test possible associations between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level and socioeconomic covariates among users of Centers for Dental Specialties (CEOs). Material and Methods: The Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument was applied to 130 adult users of CEOs located in 13 municipalities in the state of São Paulo – Brazil, as well as socioeconomic issues. The researcher applied instruments in a specific room after randomly selecting individuals in the waiting room and invitation acceptance. Each item was ranked on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, in which high scores indicate minimal difficulties in performing functions (high OHL) and low scores indicate very limited abilities to perform functions (low OHL). Statistical analysis using the Levene test was used to verify the possibility of using the one-way ANOVA test, and in case results show positive values (p>0.05), the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: The average age of participants was 45 years, with more than half being female (68.7%) with 9-11 years of schooling (48.4%). When considering the total value of HeLD-14 questions, OHL was associated with covariates schooling, marital status and family income. Conclusion: OHL levels were associated with socioeconomic variables, contributing to evidence in this field of specialized care

HARVESTER PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS IN CLEAR CUTTING Pinus taeda STANDS UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT REGIMES

The increased demand for several forest products makes it necessary to apply different management regimes in forest stands, which may influence the wood harvesting operations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of average individual tree volumes obtained through different management regimes on harvester productivity and costs, thereby enabling to generate information for forest managers. The study was carried out in three Pinus taeda L. stands under clear cutting with different average individual tree volumes (AIV): I (0.367 m3); II (0.582 m3); and III (0.766 m3). Working cycle times, productivity per productive machine hour, energy yield and production costs were obtained by a time and motion study, in which the average values obtained were compared by the Tukey-Kramer test (α ≤ 0.05). The work elements of the harvester’s work cycles were affected by forest management regimes, mainly the movement and the processing, with significant statistical difference between stands, but no difference between total working cycle times. The management regime applied to forest stands influenced the spacing and whole trunk volume which consequently increased the average productivity of the machine from 36.8 to 74.1 m³ per productive machine hour in treatments I and III, respectively, and reduced production costs by 50%. The forest management regimes influenced the clear-cutting operation with harvester

ÉTICA NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E AS LÓGICAS DE MORALIDADES NA RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADO NO ESTADO-CIDADÃO

Este estudo pretende desenvolver a relevância da ética na administração pública brasileira como resposta aos desmandos com a coisa pública. Utilizar-se-á de pesquisa bibliográfica na compreensão dos principais conceitos e princípios ligados ao desenvolvimento da ética, bem como analisadas as interfaces das lógicas da moralidade existentes na relação público-privado. E como a corrupção endêmica no país interfere na qualidade de vida para as gerações do presente e do futuro, especialmente pela falta de oportunidade que permita a existência compatível com a dignidade humana. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento da ética que embasa o processo decisório por parte dos agentes da administração pública não pode se restringir às medidas coercitivas da Lei Penal e nem aos manuais de ética, mas precisa se pautar na transparência com o uso do dinheiro público, na excelência do serviço prestado pelo Estado-Cidadão